John Quincy Adams (47 page)

1
La grande encyclopédie
(Paris: Librairie Larousse, 1973), 3895.

2
Felix Maurice Hippiel,
Napoleon
(New York: New American Library of World Literature, 1963), 27.

3
Memoirs,
1:80.

4
Thomas Boylston Adams to AA, October 20, 1794, in AFC, 10:237–239.

5
JA to JQA, December 2, 1794, in AFC, 10:284–285; AA to JQA, November 26, 1794, in AFC, 10:274–275.

6
AA to JQA, November 26, 1794, in AFC, 10: 274–275.

7
Memoirs
, 1:42–43.

8
Ibid.

9
Ibid., 48–49.

10
Ibid., 1:61.

11
Ibid., 76–77.

12
JQA to Sylvanus Bourne, December 24, 1795, in
Writings
, 1:478.

13
JA to JQA, April 26, 1795, in AFC, 10:422–424.

14
JQA to AA, May 16, 1795, in ibid., 434–438.

15
JQA to JA, October 31, 1795, reel 380, AP MHS.

16
December 1, 1795, reel 380, in
Diaries
, AP MHS.

17
Ibid.

18
JA to AA, January 5, 1796, in AA,
My Dearest Friend
, 398.

19
AA to JA, February 20, 1796, in ibid., 404. A dissipated clergyman most of his life, Charles Churchill (1731–1764) had been a schoolmate of Cowper and acquired notoriety and fame as a poet and satirist during the last four years of his life. He was a strong supporter and ally of London's John Wilkes, the radical activist who supported America's War of Independence. Besides “Gotham” (1764), his most famous poems were “The Rosciad” (1761), “The Ghost” (1762–1763), “The Duelist” (1764), “The Candidate” (1764), and “The Times” (1764).

20
Memoirs
, 1:162.

21
December 26, 1795, in
Diaries
, MHS.

22
Cited as AA to JQA, May 20, 1796, in Samuel Flagg Bemis,
John Quincy Adams and the Foundations of American Foreign Policy
(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1950), 80, 80n.

23
JA to AA, March 9, 1796, in AA,
My Dearest Friend
, 408–410.

24
JQA to AA, February 8, 1797, reel 383, AP MHS.

25
AA to JQA, November 29, 1796, reel 382, AP MHS.

26
JA to JQA, May 19, 1797, reel 384, AP MHS.

27
May 27, 1795, in
Diaries
, MHS.

28
June 30, 1796, in ibid.

29
July 31, 1796, reel 382, in ibid.

30
Memoirs
, 2:51.

31
JA to JQA, November 11, 1796, reel 382, AP MHS.

32
Malone,
Jefferson and the Ordeal of Liberty
, 288.

33
Harlow Giles Unger,
The French War Against America
(Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2005), 189.

34
Ibid., citing
American Minerva
, April, 11, 1794, 190.

35
JQA to AA, November 14, 1796, in
Writings
, 1:284.

36
George Washington to the vice president, February 20, 1797, in
The Writings of George Washington, from the Original Manuscript Sources, 1745–1799
, ed. John C. Fitzpatrick, 39 vols. (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1931–44), 35:394.

37
JA to JQA, March 31, 1797, reel 385, AP MHS.

38
JQA and LCA to JA and AA, July 28, 1797, reel 385, AP MHS.

1
LCA autobiographical sketch: “The Adventures of a Nobody,” begun July 1, 1840, reel 269, MHS.

2
Boston's
Independent Chronicle
, May 29, June 1, July 4, and September 18, 1797.

3
Philadelphia Aurora
, June 8, 1797.

4
AA to B. F. Bache, March 17, 1798, Bache Papers, American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia, cited in James Tagg,
Benjamin Franklin Bache and the “Philadelphia Aurora”
(Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999), 124–125; JQA to Charles Adams, August 1, 1797, in
Writings
, 2:196–197.

5
Memoirs
, 1:203.

6
Ibid., 216.

7
JQA to JA, December 6, 1797, in ibid., 219–220.

8
LCA, “Adventures,” 63.

9
Ibid., 74–75.

10
Alexander DeConde,
The Quasi-War: The Politics and Diplomacy of the Undeclared War with France, 1797–1801
(New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1966), 23.

11
Notes of conversation as drafted by French emissary, “Monsieur Bellamy,” in Michel Poniatowski,
Talleyrand et le directoire, 1796–1800
(Paris: Librairie Académique Perrin, 1982), 554–555; Albert J. Beveridge,
The Life of John Marshall
, 4 vols. (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1916–1919), 2:267.

12
Poniatowski,
Talleyrand et le directoire,
559.

13
DeConde,
Quasi-War
, 53.

14
Ibid., 145.

15
JQA to Timothy Pickering, January 15, 1798, in
Writings
, 2:236–240.

16
JQA to Timothy Pickering, June 18, 1798, in ibid., 2:303–309.

17
JQA to Timothy Pickering, June 25, 1798, in ibid., 2:321–322.

18
JQA to William Vans Murray, July 7, 1798, in ibid., 2:332–335.

19
JQA to William Vans Murray, July 17, 1798, in ibid., 2:339–342.

20
AA to Mercy Warren, April 25, 1798, in
Warren-Adams Letters, Being Chiefly a Correspondence among John Adams, Samuel Adams, and James Warren, 1743–1814
, ed. Worthington C. Ford, 2 vols. (Boston: Little, Brown, 1917–1925), 2:336.

21
JA to Congress, June 21, 1798, Adams,
Works
, 9:158–159.

22
JQA to George Washington, October 29, 1798, in
Writings
, 2:377–378.

23
JQA to JA, September 25, 1798, in ibid., 367–369.

24
Talleyrand to JA, September 28, 1798, in Adams,
Works
, 8:690–691.

25
December 31, 1800, in
Diaries
, MHS.

26
Boston's
Independent Chronicle
, Merrill Jensen, John P. Kaminski, Gaspare Saladino, Richard Leffler, and Charles H. Schoenleber, eds.,
The Documentary History of the Ratification of the Constitution
, 22 vols. to date (Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1976–[in progress]), 13:154–155.

27
JQA to JA, November 25, 1800, reel 399, AP MHS.

28
Dumas Malone,
Jefferson the President: First Term, 1801–1805
(Boston: Little, Brown, 1970), 20.

29
April 12, 1801, in
Diaries
, MHS.

30
May 4, 1801, in ibid.

31
May 5, 1791, in ibid.

32
AA to JQA, September 23, 1801, reel 401, AP MHS.

33
Memoirs
, 1:261.

34
April 1802, in
Writings,
2:7.

35
January 28, 1802, in
Memoirs
, 1:249.

1
Anne Hollingsworth Wharton,
Social Life in the Early Republic
(Williamstown, MA: Corner House Publishers, 1970), 161.

2
W. P. Cresson,
James Monroe
(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1946), 201.

3
Ibid., 202, citing Henry Adams,
History of the United States of America During the Administrations of Jefferson and Madison, 1801–1817
, 9 vols. (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1889–1891), 2:351.

4
Ibid., citing Helen Nicolay,
Our Capital on the Potomac
(New York: Century Company, 1924), 70.

5
October 21, 1803, in
Diaries
, MHS.

6
October 31, 1803, in
Memoirs
, 1:269.

7
John Dickinson to the Committee of the Whole, June 7, 1787, in James Madison,
Notes of Debates in the Federal Convention of 1787
(New York: W. W. Norton, 1987), 82 (first published in volumes 2 and 3 of
The Papers of James Madison
[Washington: Langtree O'Sullivan, 1840]).

8
Alexander DeConde,
The Affair of Louisiana
(New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1976), 178, citing Fabricus, in Boston's
Columbian Centinel
, July 13, 1803.

9
Ibid., 184, citing Livingston to Madison, June 25, 1803;
American State Papers: Foreign Relations
(Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1897–1933), 2:566.

10
JQA to AA, June 30, 1811, reel 411, AP MHS.

11
Stephen Higginson in
Letters of Stephen Higginson
, in
Annual Report of the American Historical Association
, ed. J. F. Jamieson (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1896), 1:839–840; Worcester, Massachusetts,
Aegis
, December 4, 1803.

12
Philadelphia Aurora
, December 1, 1803.

13
December 3, 1803, in
Diaries
, MHS.

14
JQA to Ezekiel Bacon, November 17, 1808, in
Writings
, 3:250.

15
JA to Thomas Jefferson, May 3, 1812, in Cappon,
The Adams-Jefferson Letters,
302–304.

16
January 27, 1804, in
Diaries
, MHS.

17
January 10, 1804, in ibid.

18
December 31, 1803, in ibid.

19
Annals of Congress
, 9th Cong., 2d Sess., 1806–1807, 77.

20
November 1, 1803, in
Memoirs
, 1:270.

21
John F. Kennedy,
Profiles in Courage
(New York: HarperCollins, 1955), 41.

22
AA to JQA, December 18, 1804, reel 403, AP MHS.

23
March 24, 1806, reel 404, AP MHS.

24
December 3, 1803, reel 402, AP MHS.

25
LCA to JQA, April 17, 1804, reel 403, AP MHS.

26
The Complete Poems of John Donne
(
Digireads.com
Publishing, 2002), 73.

27
Richard B. Morris,
Encyclopedia of American History
(New York: Harper & Brothers, 1953), 133.

28
American Citizen
, January 6, 1804.

29
November 5, 1804, in
Diaries
, MHS.

30
November 16, 1804, in ibid.

31
Malone,
Jefferson the President: First Term
, 466.

32
March 1, 1805, in
Diaries
, MHS.

33
March 3, 1805, in ibid.

34
March 4, 1805, in ibid.

35
JQA to LCA, July [?], 1806, reel 404, AP MHS.

36
JQA to LCA, December 8, 1806, reel 404, AP MHS.

37
Memoirs
, 1:454.

38
JQA to LCA, February 14, 1807, reel 237, AP MHS.

39
LCA to JQA, February 17, 1807, reel 405, AP MHS.

40
Kennedy,
Profiles,
44.

41
Ibid.

42
February 1, 1808, in
Memoirs
, 1:510.

43
Sullivan to Jefferson, June 3, 1808, in Dumas Malone,
Jefferson the President: Second Term, 1805–1809
(Boston: Little, Brown, 1974), 594, citing Library of Congress, Jefferson Papers, 31525.

44
Autobiographical sketch to Skelton Jones, April 17, 1809, in Koch and Peden,
Selected Writings
, 261–267.

45
JA to JQA, January 8, 1808, in
Writings
, 3:189n.

1
Adams,
Works
, 6:280.

2
July 5, 1809, in
Memoirs,
1:549.

3
JQA to Charles W. Upham, February 2, 1837, cited in Bemis,
John Quincy Adams and the Foundations
, 152n63.

4
John Quincy Adams,
Lectures on Rhetoric and Oratory Delivered to the Senior and Junior Sophisters in Harvard University
, 2 vols. (Boston: Hillard and Metcalf, 1810).

5
Ibid.

6
JQA to Thomas Boylston Adams, August 7, 1809, reel 408, AP MHS.

7
AA to granddaughter Caroline Amelia Smith, August 5, 1809, in ibid.

8
August 5, 1809, in
Memoirs,
2:3.

9
JQA “To My Children,” September 18, 1809, reel 408, AP MHS.

10
Ibid.

11
JQA to the secretary of state, October 4, 1809, in
Writings
, 4:3.

12
Ibid.

13
Stuart Gerry Brown, ed.,
The Autobiography of James Monroe
(Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1959), 209.

14
Bemis,
John Quincy Adams and the Foundations
, 161.

15
Ibid.

16
Ibid., JQA to the secretary of state, November 6, 1809.

17
Louisa Adams, “Adventures,” reel 269, AP MHS, 144–145.

18
JQA to AA, March 22, 1811, reel 411, AP MHS.

19
Louisa Adams, “Adventures,” reel 269, AP MHS, 147.

20
Memoirs,
2:193.

21
Ibid.

22
Nagel,
John Quincy Adams
, 198.

1
JQA to Thomas Boylston Adams, April 10, 1811, reel 411, AP MHS.

2
Louisa Adams, “Adventures,” reel 269, AP MHS.