July 1914: Countdown to War (64 page)
Read July 1914: Countdown to War Online
Authors: Sean McMeekin
Tags: #World War I, #Europe, #International Relations, #20th Century, #Modern, #General, #Political Science, #Military, #History
assassination of (
see
Assassination of Franz Ferdinand
)
funeral of,
42–45
Serbs and,
3–4
visit to Sarajevo (June 1914),
1–2
,
4–6
Franz Josef I
concerns about Russia,
37
as emperor,
35–36
meetings over action against Serbia,
116–117
news of Serbian rejection of ultimatum and,
202
Oath of Renunciation and,
2
photograph of,
36
response to assassination of Franz Ferdinand,
24
,
29–30
,
37
responsibility for First World War,
391
support for action against Serbia,
106
Tisza and,
32
urging caution in responding to Serbia,
94–95
visit to Bosnia-Herzegovina,
4
war council and,
325–326
Fredericks, Count,
160
French, John,
70
Friedrich, Archduke, Duke of Teschen,
108
Geneva Convention of 1907,
351
George V
appeal to Nicholas II regarding Russian mobilization,
329–330
British neutrality and,
276
,
279
,
343–344
peace-minded telegram,
306
n
telegram on misunderstanding of neutrality offer,
347–349
Wilhelm II and,
311
German dreadnoughts,
380–381
Germany
access to Ottoman Straits and,
54
alerting Europe to mobilization in response to Russians,
312
alliance with Austria,
40
alliance with Turkey,
353–354
anxiety over war rumors,
340–341
assassination of Franz Ferdinand as factor in lead-up to First World War,
386–388
assigning responsibility for war to Russia,
287–288
Austria’s need for support of,
42
,
45–46
belief that Russia would not join in war,
100
,
106
British ultimatum to,
374–375
,
379
claims of French invasion,
354
contents of Austrian ultimatum and,
142–144
declaration of war on France,
350–352
,
370–371
declaration of war on Russia,
345–347
,
350
desire for British neutrality,
90
,
120
,
274–275
,
276–281
,
330–331
doubts about Austria’s intentions,
100–102
,
104
early battles in war,
383
events leading to declaration of war on Russia,
337–347
failure of diplomatic-strategic maneuvers,
284–285
French response to mobilization of,
316–325
“halt in Belgrade” proposal,
252–255
,
256–257
invasion of Belgium,
278–279
,
371
,
373–374
,
377
,
383
invasion of Luxembourg,
339
,
343
,
344
,
349
,
354
,
355
localization and,
205
military weakness of,
404–405
mobilization,
340
,
341–343
,
354–355
,
404
mobilization, delay in,
274–276
mobilization, in face of Russian mobilization,
302–303
,
312
mobilization, start of,
309–311
mobilization plans,
267–269
,
317
placing blame for war on Russia,
376–377
Potsdam council of 27 July,
227–229
response to assassination,
78–80
,
85–86
response to Austrian and Russian partial mobilizations,
266–269
response to British-Russian naval talks,
72
responsibility for First World War,
393–394
,
401–402
,
403–405
responsibility for movement towards war,
234–235
,
238
Russian mobilization, knowledge of,
209
,
220–222
,
275
Russian mobilization, protest of,
214–217
Russian mobilization, response on learning of,
286–290
Russian mobilization, seeking confirmation of,
306–309
Sazonov claim of mobilization by,
299–300
,
301
strategic position in 1914,
387–388
support for Austrian action against Serbia,
90–91
,
99–100
,
104–105
,
114
,
119–120
Tisza’s peace initiative and,
41–42
ultimatum to Belgium for free passage of troops,
339
,
360–363
,
368
war-readiness of,
90–91
See also
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobald von
;
Wilhelm II
Giesl von Gieslingen
Hartwig visit and,
117–119
Serbian response to ultimatum and,
198
,
199
,
200–202
ultimatum delivery and,
170
,
172–175
Gladstone, William Ewart,
70
,
368
Goremykin, Ivan L.,
60
,
147
,
160
,
182–183
Goschen, W. Edward
audience with Bethmann over Russian mobilization,
308–309
Bethmann and request for British neutrality and,
277–278
Grey’s instruction to promote direct talks between Austria and Russia and,
250–251
Jagow’s rejection of mediation proposal and,
230
ultimatum to Germany and,
374–375
,
379–380
,
381
warning to Berlin and,
372
Gough, Hubert,
70
assassination day,
12–13
,
14
,
15
,
16–17
,
19–20
Great Britain.
See
Britain
Grey, Edward
attempts to limit war,
330–331
,
333
Bethmann and,
102
British neutrality and,
341–342
,
345
,
347–349
,
378–379
Buchanan’s report on Russian mobilization,
182
failing health of,
75–76
four-power mediation plan,
204–206
,
213
,
215
,
216
,
217
,
228
,
230
,
235
,
238
,
245
French claims of German invasion,
354
ignorance of Austrian declaration of war,
250–251
ignorance of Russian mobilization,
249
,
250
knowledge of Russian mobilization,
214–216
,
238–239
making case for intervention,
358–359
,
360
military alliances among Britain, France and Russia,
72–74
nonintervention and,
356–357
notice from Viviani that Germans mobilizing,
305
report of Austrian intentions regarding Serbia and,
127–129
report on invasion of Luxembourg and,
357
report on Serbian response to ultimatum and,
197
reports on Russian mobilization and,
194
,
195
response to news of imminent war in Europe,
313–314
responsibility for First World War,
402–403
on Serbian reply to ultimatum,
233
speech to House of Commons,
363–370
,
371
,
378
ultimatum to Germany and,
374–375
,
379
warning to Germany and,
279–281
Griesinger, Julius Adolph,
200
Grigorevich, Ivan K.,
59
,
60
,
178
,
184
Gruić, Slavko,
174
The Guns of August
(Tuchman),
43
,
398
Hague Tribunal,
256
“Halt in Belgrade” proposal,
252–255
,
256–257
,
269
,
306
Hartwig, Ludmilla,
118
Hartwig, Nikolai
Balkan League and,
25
death of,
117–119
influence on Serbia,
37
,
49–50
,
51–52
response to assassination of Franz Ferdinand,
48–49
,
51
Heinrich, Prince,
276
Hell (General),
307
Hohenlohe-Schillingfürst, Prince,
96
Holstein, Friedrich von,
83
Home Rule,
69–71
,
72
,
250
,
385–386
Hoyos, Alexander
as courier for Austrian diplomatic notes to Berlin,
96–98
,
101–102
,
104
Naumann and,
89–91
report on Berlin trip,
107–108
Hungarian Diet,
34
Hungary