Kaiser's Holocaust (59 page)

1
. J. Noakes and G. Pridham (eds),
Nazism: A History in Documents and Eyewitness
Accounts, 1919–1945
(University of Exeter Press, 1983), vol. 1, p. 622.

2
. Alexander Dallin,
German Rule in Russia: 1941–1945
(London: Macmillan, 1957), p. 296.

3
.
The Goebbels Diaries 1942–1943
, ed. and trans. Louis P. Lochner (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1948), p. 126.

4
. Hannah Arendt was among the first historians to suggest such a link, while recent publications by Adam Toze and Mark Mazower have done much to set Nazism within the wider context of colonialism and colonial violence.

5
. Enzo Traverso,
The Origins of Nazi Violence
, trans. Janet Lloyd (New York: New Press, 2003), p. 50.

6
. Thanks to Robert Gordon for both of these quotations.

7
.
Hitler’s Table Talk 1941–44: His Private Conversations
, trans. Norman Cameron and R. H. Stevens (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1953), p. 24.

8
. Ibid., p. 574.

9
.
Monologue im Führerhauptquartier, 1941–4: die Aufzeichnungen Heinrich Heims,
herausgegeben von Werner Jochmann
, p. 377: 30 August 1942.

10
.
Hitler’s Table Talk
, p. 469.

11
. Ibid.

12
. Ibid., p. 19.

13
. Noakes and Pridham,
Nazism
, pp. 918–20.

14
. Wendy Lower, ‘Hitler’s Garden of Eden in Ukraine: Nazi Colonialism, Volkdeutsche and the Holocaust, 1941–1944’, in Jonathan Petropoulos and John K. Roth (eds),
In Gray Zones: Ambiguity and Compromise in the Holocaust and
Its Aftermath
(New York and Oxford: Berghahn, 2005), p. 187.

15
. Noakes and Pridham,
Nazism
, p. 1090.

16
. Robert Cecil,
Hitler’s Decision to Invade Russia, 1941
(London: Davis-Poynter, 1975), p. 206.

17
.
Hitler’s Table Tal
k, p. 319.

18
. Ibid., p. 617.

19
. Ibid., p. 354.

20
. Ibid., p. 425.

21
. Ibid., p. 575.

22
. Ibid., p. 34.

23
. Ibid., p. 424.

24
. Ibid.

25
. Ibid., p. 617.

26
. Alan Bullock,
Hitler and Stalin: Parallel Lives
(HarperCollins, 1991), p. 773.

27
. William L. Shirer,
The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi
Germany
(London: Secker and Warburg, 1960), p. 854.

28
. Noakes and Pridham, Nazism, p. 915.

1
. Mark Mazower,
Hitler’s Empire: Nazi Rule in Occupied Europe
(London: Allen Lane, 2008), p. 593.

2
. P. Katjavivi,
A History of Resistance in Namibia
(London: Currey, 1988), p. 14.

3
. J. Gewald,
We Thought We Would Be Free
(Cologne: Ruediger Koeppe Verlag, 2000).

4
. J. Silvester and J. Gewald,
Words Cannot Be Found: German Colonial Rule in
Namibia
(Leiden: Brill, 2003).

5
. As quoted in J. Silvester,
The Politics of Reconciliation: Destroying the Blue Book
(Windhoek: forthcoming), p. 13.

6
. Silvester and Gewald,
Words Cannot Be
Found, p. xxxii.

7
. ‘The Native Bluebook’,
Windhoek Advertiser
, 31 July (1926).

8
. Klaus Dierks,
Chronology of Namibian History
(Windhoek: Namibia Scientific Society, 2002), p. 211.

9
. ‘Nuwe spoorlyn ontspoor by Tsaukaib’,
Die Republikein
, 17 March 2009, Suiderland.

10
. Ibid.; a widely available book on the history of Namibia’s railways, Brenda Bravenboer and Walter K. E. Rusch,
The First One Hundred Years of State
Railways in Namibia
(Windhoek: TransNamib Museum, 1997), is similarly mute on the matter of forced labour used to construct the Lüderitz–Aus Railway.

11
. Ibid.

12
. Ibid.

13
. Namibia Country Reports on Human Rights Practices 2007. Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor 11 March 2008. http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2007/100496.htm

14
. Labour Resource and Research Institute (LARRI), ‘Farm Workers in Namibia: Living and Working Conditions’, research paper (Windhoek: LARRI, 2006).

• Abel, Dr Wolfgang,
  1
  ,
  2
  
• Africa: German exploration,
  1
  ;
  
  • Portuguese exploration,
    1
    ;
    
  • size of German empire,
    1
    ;
    
  • German plans to annex more territories,
    1
    ;
    
  • German and Nazi aspirations to regain
    
  • colonies,
    1
    ,
    2
    
• African National Congress,
  1
  
• agriculture,
  1
  
• alcohol,
  1
  
• Aminuis,
  1
  
• Anawood,
  1
  
• Angola,
  1
  ,
  2
  
• Angra Pequeña see Lüderitz
  
• Apartheid,
  1
  
• Arco-Valley, Count Anton von,
  1
  
• Armadale Castle (warship),
  1
  
• Arthur Koppel Company,
  1
  
• Askaris,
  1
  
• Astel, Karl,
  1
  
• Auer, Georg,
  1
  
• Auob Valley, battle of the (1904),
  1
  
• Aus,
  1
  ,
  2
  
• Auschwitz,
  1
  ,
  2
  
• Australia,
  1
  ,
  2
  

• Ballot, D. W.,
  1
  
• Bam, Johannes,
  1
  
• Bamberger, Ludwig,
  1
  
• Bank, Vitje,
  1
  
• Barth, Heinrich,
  1
  
• Bartlet, Leslie Cruikshank,
  1
  
• Baster: Herero refrain from attacking in German-Herero War,
  1
  ;
  
  • compelled to fight for Germans during German-Herero War,
    1
    ,
    2
    ;
    
  • choose not to fight in German-Nama War,
    1
    ;
    
  • way of life and Fischer’s studies,
    1
    ,
    2
    ,
    3
    ,
    4
    ;
    
  • marriage with Germans,
    1
    
• Bathurst,
  1
  
• Baur, Erwin,
  1
  
• Bayer, Captain Maximilian,
  1
  ,
  2
  ,
  3
  ,
  4
  ,
  5
  
• Bebel, August,
  1
  
• Bechuanaland (Botswana),
  1
  ,
  2
  ,
  3
  ,
  4
  
• Beck, Sergeant,
  1
  
• Beesten, Lieutenant von,
  1
  
• Belgium, colony in Congo,
  1
  ,
  2
  ,
  3
  ,
  4
  ,
  5
  ;
  
  • actions in Africa in World War I,
    1
    ,
    2
    ;
    
  • British condemn behaviour in Congo,
    1
    ;
    
  • German atrocities in World War I,
    1
    ;
    
  • post-World War II desire to remain colonial power,
    1
    ,
    2
    ;
    
  • pledges to hand over African mandates to UN,
    1
    
• Bennett, Benjamin,
  1
  
• Berger, Carl,
  1
  
• Berlin,
  1
  ,
  2
  ,
  3
  
• Berlin Charitie Hospital,
  1
  
• Berlin Colonial Show (1896),
  1
  
• Berlin Conference (1884–5),
  1
  ,
  2
  ,
  3
  ,
  4
  
• Berlin School of Commerce,
  1
  
• Berseba,
  1
  ,
  2
  ,
  3
  
• Bethanie,
  1
  ,
  2
  ,
  3
  
• Bethanie Nama: sell land to German trader,
  1
  ,
  2
  ;
  
  • and German-Nama War,
    1
    ,
    2
    ,
    3
    ;
    
  • surrender to Germans,
    1
    ;
    
  • numbers exterminated by Germans,
    1
    ;
    
  • treatment of survivors,
    1
    ;
    
  • incarcerated survivors released by South Africans,
    1
    
• Beves, Colonel,
  1
  
• biological racism see race science and eugenics
  
• Bismarck, Prince Otto von, Chancellor: initial resistance to idea of German colonies in Africa,
  1
  ;
  
  • pressurised into helping establish them,
    1
    ,
    2
    ,
    3
    ;
    
  • appoints Göring as Imperial Commissioner,
    1
    ,
    2
    ;
    
  • blames British for German failures in South-West Africa,
    1
    ;
    
  • sends limited military force to South-West Africa,
    1
    ;
    
  • von François provokes into sending more troops,
    1
    ;
    
  • removed from office,
    1
    ;
    
  • Hitler reads memoirs,
    1
    
• Boer War (1899–1902),
  1
  ,
  2
  ,
  3
  ,
  4
  ,
  5
  
• Bofinger, Dr,
  1
  ,
  2
  
• Bonar Law, Andrew,
  1
  
• Bondelswart Nama,
  1
  ,
  2
  ,
  3
  ,
  4
  ,
  5
  
• Bonn, Moritz,
  1
  ,
  2
  
• Booth, Charles,
  1
  
• Bormann, Martin,
  1
  ,
  2
  ,
  3
  ,
  4
  
• Botha, General Louis,
  1
  ,
  2
  ,
  3
  ,
  4
  ,
  5
  
• Botswana see Bechuanaland
  
• Boxer Rebellion,
  1
  ,
  2
  
• Brazza, Pierre de,
  1
  
• Bremen,
  1
  ,
  2
  ,
  3
  
• Brest-Litovsk, Treaty of (1917),
  1
  
• Britain: considers putting penal colony in South-West Africa,
  1
  ;
  
  • abolishes slavery,
    1
    ;
    
  • style of colonialism,
    1
    ,
    2
    ;
    
  • in Africa,
    1
    ,
    2
    ;
    
  • reaction to German occupation of Angra Pequeña,
    1
    ;
    
  • protectorates,
    1
    ,
    2
    ;
    
  • Bismarck thwarts Lüderitz’s plans to get finance from,
    1
    ;
    
  • Germans blame for own failures in South-West Africa,
    1
    ;
    
  • Hendrik Witbooi appeals to in vain for protection from Germans,
    1
    ,
    2
    ;
    
  • and Boer War,
    1
    ,
    2
    ,
    3
    ,
    4
    ,
    5
    ;
    
  • actions in Africa during World War I,
    1
    ;
    
  • as part of anti-German propaganda drive, expose German genocide in South-West Africa despite earlier connivance,
    1
    ,
    2
    ;
    
  • and German Spring Offensive on Western Front,
    1
    ;
    
  • Pan-Germanic hatred of,
    1
    ;
    
  • Nazi attitude to British Empire,
    1
    ;
    
  • post-war desperation to hold on to empire,
    1
    ;
    
  • hands over African mandates to UN,
    1
    
• Brockmann, Clara,
  1
  ,
  2
  ,
  3
  
• Brown Shirts see SA
  
• Bülow, Bernhard von: inability to control von Trotha,
  1
  ;
  
  • on von Trotha’s tactics,
    1
    ;
    
  • attitude to Extermination Order,
    1
    ;
    
  • supports Stillfried Report,
    1
    ,
    2
    ;
    
  • and Shark Island death camp,
    1
    ;
    
  • blocking of new colonial budget forces him into ‘Hottentot’ election,
    1
    
• Burgsdorff, District Commissioner von,
  1
  
• Burke, Edmund,
  1
  
• Burke, J. D. L.,
  1
  
• ‘Bushmen’ see San