Read King Solomon's Mines Online
Authors: H. Rider Haggard
1856 | Henry Rider Haggard is born the eighth of ten children on June 22 in Norfolk, England. His father, William, is a country squire and barrister; his mother, Ella Doveton, is an amateur writer who was raised in India. Great Britain establishes a crown colony in Natal, South Africa. |
1857 | The Boers (South Africans of Dutch or Huguenot descent) establish the South African Republic in the region known as the Transvaal. |
1859 | Charles Darwin publishes On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection. |
1865 | Lewis Carroll’s Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland appears. |
1867 | A diamond field is discovered in South Africa. Alfred Nobel invents dynamite. |
1873 | Haggard fails the army entrance exams; his family sends him to London to be trained to join the Foreign Office. |
1875 | While in London, Haggard experiments with spiritualism. His father arranges for him to go to South Africa, where he works as a secretary to the governor of Britain’s colony in Natal, Sir Henry Bulwer. |
1877 | Haggard joins the staff of special commissioner Sir Theophilus Shepstone and hoists the flag at the British annexation of the Transvaal. |
1878 | Haggard’s service earns him the position of master and registrar of the High Court in the Transvaal. |
1879 | On January 22 Zulu King Cetshwayo’s army wipes out a British regiment that includes many of Haggard’s friends. In May Haggard resigns his post and returns to England. |
1880 | Haggard marries a Norfolk heiress, Louisa Margitson; in November the two sail to Africa to live on a farm near the Transvaal border. Émile Zola publishes Nana, whose realism Haggard will later denounce. |
1881 | Jock, the Haggards’ first child, is born in May. When the Transvaal is ceded to the Boers, Haggard and his wife return to England, where Haggard reads for the bar. |
1882 | Haggard publishes Cetywayo and His White Neighbours; or, Remarks on Recent Events in Zululand, Natal, and the Transvaal , a nonfiction work that examines colonial relations in South Africa. |
1883 | Robert Louis Stevenson’s Treasure Island is published. |
1884 | Haggard is admitted to the bar and also publishes his first novel, Dawn, which is neither a commercial nor a critical success. Hiram Maxim invents the recoil-operated machine gun. |
1885 | Haggard’s second novel, The Witch’s Head, is published but receives little notice. A five-shilling bet with his brother prompts Haggard to write King Solomon’s Mines; it is a huge commercial success and makes Haggard a household name. |
1887 | Haggard publishes “About Fiction” in the February issue of the Contemporary Review. His popular novel She: A History of Adventure, about a 2,000-year-old white queen named Ayesha, is released; the book enthralls psychoanalysts Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung. Three other novels set in South Africa—Jess, Allan Quatermain (the first of many sequels to King Solomon’s Mines), and A Tale of Three Lions —are also published. Queen Victoria celebrates her Golden Jubilee, marking fifty years as ruler of the United Kingdom. |
1888 | Haggard travels to Iceland to gather material for a novel about the Vikings. Maiwa’s Revenge, Colonel Quaritch, V. C., My Fellow Labourer and the Wreck of the Copeland, and Mr. Meeson’s Will are published. |
1889 | The novels Allan’s Wife and Cleopatra are released. |
1890 | Beatrice, a novel, is published. Haggard and Andrew Lang collaborate on the novel The World’s Desire, about Helen of Troy. Haggard travels to Mexico. |
1891 | Eric Brighteyes, a Viking romance set in Iceland, is published. When his nine-year-old son Jock dies, Haggard is griefstricken. |
1892 | Nada the Lily is published. Haggard’s daughter Lilias, his future biographer, is born, raising his spirits. |
1893 | The novel Montezuma’s Daughter is published. Natal becomes a self-governing British colony. |
1894 | The People of the Mist appears. Rudyard Kipling’s The Jungle Book is published. |
1895 | Joan Haste and Heart of the World are published. Haggard is narrowly defeated in his bid for a seat in Parliament. H. G. Wells’s The Time Machine is published. |
1896 | The Wizard is published. |
1898 | Doctor Therne is published. |
1899 | Two Boer territories—the South African Republic (Transvaal) and the Orange Free State—declare war on Britain, thus beginning the South African War (Boer War). Haggard’s novel The Spring of Lion is published, as well as The Last Boer War and A Farmer’s Year, both works of nonfiction. Sigmund Freud publishes his Interpretation of Dreams, in which he describes a fascination with Haggard’s She. |
1900 | Haggard travels through Italy, Palestine, and Cyprus. A History of the Transvaal is released. |
1901 | Haggard’s reflections on his recent travels are published in A Winter Pilgrimage. Lysbeth, a novel, is also published. Queen Victoria dies. |
1902 | The Boer War ends, with the Boers accepting British sovereignty . Haggard publishes Rural England, a two-volume study of the problem of depopulation. Joseph Conrad publishes his novella Heart of Darkness in book form. |
1903 | Haggard’s Pearl-Maiden, a novel about the fall of Jerusalem, is released. |
1904 | Haggard travels to Egypt. The historical novels Stella Fregelius and The Brethren are published. |
1905 | Ayesha: The Return of She, a sequel to She, is published, as is the nonfiction A Gardener’s Year. Haggard is sent by the Rhodes Trust to research Salvation Army settlements in the western United States, with an eye to opening similar settlements in South Africa. His report on his research is published under the title The Poor and the Land. |
1906 | Benita: An African Romance and The Way of the Spirit are published. Haggard joins the Royal Commission on Coast Erosion. |
1907 | Fair Margaret, a novel, is published. Kipling wins the Nobel Prize for Literature. |
1908 | The Ghost Kings is published. |
1909 | The Yellow God and The Lady of Blossholme are released. Queen Sheba’s Ring, a novel based on Haggard’s research in Egypt, is published. |
1910 | Morning Star, another novel about Egypt, is published. |
1911 | Rural Denmark and Its Lessons, Haggard’s study of Danish farms, is published. |
1912 | Marie, the first volume in Haggard’s fictionalized history of the Zulu people, is published. Haggard is knighted for his contributions to agricultural advancement. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle publishes The Lost World. |
1913 | Child of Storm, the second volume in Haggard’s Zulu trilogy, is published. |
1914 | World War I begins. |
1915 | The Holy Flower is published. |
1916 | The Ivory Child is published. Finished, the last volume of Haggard’s Zulu trilogy, is published. |
1919 | Haggard is named a Knight Commander of the British Empire (KBE) as a reward for his service on government commissions concerned with agriculture. |
1920 | The Ancient Allan is published. |
1921 | She and Allan, a sequel to She, is published. |
1923 | Wisdom’s Daughter, another She sequel , is published. |
1924 | Heu-Heu; or, The Monster is published. |
1925 | Henry Rider Haggard dies on May 14 in London. |
1926 | The Days of My Life: An Autobiography of Sir H. Rider Haggard is released, as is another Quatermain adventure, The Treasure of the Lake. |
1927 | Allan and the Ice-Gods is published. |
1937 | A British film version of King Solomon’s Mines is made, with Paul Robeson as Umbopa and Sir Cedric Hardwicke as Allan Quatermain; some scenes are filmed on location in Natal. |
1950 | Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer makes a film version of King Solomon’s Mines starring Deborah Kerr and Stewart Granger. |
1959 | Watusi: Guardians of King Solomon’s Mines, a film based on Haggard’s novel, is released; it stars George Montgomery. |
1980 | Haggard’s private diaries are published. |
1985 | Sharon Stone, John Rhys-Davies, and Richard Chamberlain star in a film remake of King Solomon’s Mines, proving the enduring popularity of the 100-year-old novel. |