Kokoda (74 page)

48
David Day,
John Curtin
, p. 451.

49
David Day,
The Politics of War
, p. 280.

50
Raymond Paull,
Retreat From Kokoda. The Australian Campaign in New Guinea 1942
, Mandarin Australia, First edn 1958, this edition 1985, p. 3.

51
Peter Charlton,
The Thirty Niners
, Macmillan, Sydney, 1981, p. 218.

52
Neil McDonald,
War Cameraman
, p.468.

S
WEATING IT OUT

53
The Australian War Memorial,
Khaki and Green, With the Australian Army at Home and Overseas
, 1943, p.86.

54
David Day,
John Curtin
, p.468.

55
Osmar White,
Green Armour
, p.36.

56
George H. Johnston,
New Guinea Diary
, p. 62.

57
Osmar White,
Green Armour
, p. 43.

58
Quoted in a speech by Kim Beazley about leadership, October 2003.

59
There is a photo of this in Dianne McInnes,
A Tribute to the Brave
, p. 51.

60
This story of comfort women is drawn from
http://www.hk.co.kr/event/jeonshin/w2/e_jsd_3.htm

61
Jack Gallaway,
The Odd Couple
, p. 27.

62
ibid, p. 28.

63
David Day,
John Curtin
, p. 459.

64
Richard Nile and Christian Clerk,
Cultural Atlas of Australia, New Zealand and the South Pacific
, RD Press, 1996, p. 191.

65
Peter Charlton,
The Thirty Niners
, p. 215.

66
A full account of MacArthur’s arrival in Australia can be read in Geoffrey Perrett,
Old Soldiers Never Die
, Random House, Sydney, 1996, p. 282ff.

67
An account of this episode can be found William Manchester,
American Caesar
, p. 310.

68
ibid, p. 312.

69
Geoffrey Perrett,
Old Soldiers Never Die
, p. 283.

70
Victor Austin,
To Kokoda and Beyond
, p. 49.

71
This is material drawn from an extensive interview conducted with Lawrie ‘Smoky’ Howson, on 5 November 1988, by Harry Martin and Milissa Byrne, for the Australian War Memorial.

72
George H. Johnston,
New Guinea Diary
, p. 59.

73
Victor Austin,
To Kokoda and Beyond
, p. 45.

T
HE
D
YNAMIC
D
UO

74
Hetherington,
Blamey
, p.223.

75
Geoffrey Perrett,
Old Soldiers Never Die
, p. 284.

76
Jack Gallaway,
The Odd Couple,
p. 3.

77
Geoffrey Perrett,
Old Soldiers Never Die
, p. 285.

78
Minutes of Prime Minister’s War Conference, Melbourne, 1 June 1942, p.2: JCPML. I read this whole account on the AWM website, which has the copy of a paper presented by Peter Edwards at the 2002 History conference, entitled ‘Another Look at Curtin and MacArthur’.

79
Jack Gallaway,
The Odd Couple
, p. 64.

80
William Manchester,
Caesar
, p.332.

81
Victor Austin,
To Kokoda and Beyond
, p. 68.

82
David Day,
John Curtin
, p. 474.

83
Greg Bearup, ‘The Country At War: Remembrance Day’,
Sydney Morning Herald
, 9 November 2002.

84
Osmar White,
Green Armour
, p. 74.

85
David Horner,
Blamey,
p. 293.

86
ibid, p. 301.

87
ibid, p. 302.

88
Osmar White,
Green Armour
, p. 74.

89
Neil McDonald,
War Cameraman,
p. 121.

U
P THE
B
LOODY
T
RACK

90
Both soldiers were from the 3rd Battalion of the 14th Australian Infantry Brigade and this is from a report they made after crossing the Kokoda Track in mid-June of 1942. It was quoted in an unpublished paper written by Maclaren Hiari.

91
From a pamphlet issued by the Formosa Jungle Training School in preparation for the departure of the South Sea Forces. Attributed to Masanobu Tsuji (translated by Margaret E. Lake) and cited as an epigraph by Steven Bullard, ‘The Japanese Medical System in the Campaigns in Papua (Kokoda and Buna) in 1942 and Early 1943’, Paper delivered at the 5th Symposium, The Pacific War in Papua New Guinea, Perceptions and Realities, Australian National University, 7–8 August 2003.

92
Peter Brune,
We Band of Brothers: A Biography of Ralph Honner, Soldier and Statesman
, Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 2000, p. 128.

93
Peter Brune,
Those Ragged Bloody Heroes
:
From the Kokoda Trail to Gona Beach 1942,
Allen & Unwin, Sydney, First edn 1991, Paperback edition 1992, p. 10.

94
David Horner,
Blamey
, p. 294.

95
Sydney Rowell,
Full Circle
, Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, 1974, p. 110.

96
Victor Austin,
To Kokoda and Beyond
, p. 37.

97
Osmar White,
Green Armour
, p. 174.

98
The Sydney Morning Herald
, ‘The Guide’, 17 October 1988.

99
Osmar White,
Green Armour
, p. 174.

100
Neil McDonald,
Damien Parer’s War
, Lothian, Melbourne, revised edition 2004, p.181.

101
Dudley McCarthy,
Australia in the War of 1939–45
, p. 114.

102
ibid, p. 115.

103
Hank Nelson,
The Journal of Pacific History
, Volume XXXVIII, 1 June 2003, p. 113.

104
Jungle Trail. An Official Publication. A Story of the Australian Soldier in New Guinea
, Brochure Number Two, The Australian Army at War, published by the Australian Commonwealth Military Forces, 1943, p. 20. Though this description was not made for the Kokoda Track itself, the experience of the 39th Battalion walking it, was certainly very similar.

105
David Horner,
Blamey
, p. 315.

106
Chester Wilmot,
Kokoda Road
, Disc No. C.W.311.p. 3 (No date visible.)

107
Peter Stone,
Hostages to Freedom
, p. v.

A
TTACK
!

108
This comes from Eric Bergerud’s definitive account of Allied operations in World War Two’s Pacific Theatre in
Touched with Fire: Land War in the Pacific
, Viking, New York, 1996.

109
A full account of this can be seen from p. 118 onwards of Tim Hall’s
New Guinea 1942-44
, Methuen, Sydney, 1981. See also, James Benson,
Prisoners Base and Home Again: The Story of a Missionary P.O.W
, Robert Hale, London, 1957.

110
From Albrecht Furst von Urach,
Das Geheimnis Japanischer kraft
, Berlin, Zentralverlag der NSDAP, 1943.
The Secret of Japanese Strength
by Albrecht Furst von Urach. Drawn from
www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/gpa/japan.htm
.

111
Dudley McCarthy,
Australia in the War of 1939–45
, p. 125.

112
George H. Johnston,
New Guinea Diary
, p. 168.

113
Lessons Learnt from New Guinea Operations 42–43.
Issued by Imperial General Headquarters, Army Section, 18 November, 43, AWM 55 [5/25], pp. 3 and 9.

114
Victor Austin,
To Kokoda and Beyond
, pp.90-1.

115
This episode was also reported in
the Moresby Army News Sheet
, August 1942, Vol 1, No 28, p. 2.

116
Peter Brune,
Those Ragged Bloody Heroes
, p. 43.

117
An account of this murder can be found in Tim Hall,
New Guinea 1942-44
, and Issue 21
Wartime
, Official Magazine of the Australian War Memorial.

118
Osmar White,
Green Armour
, p.127

S
TRIKE-BACK
!

119
Opening quote from paper by Steven Bullard, ‘The Japanese Medical System in the Campaigns in Papua (Kokoda and Buna) in 1942 and Early 1943’, delivered at the 5th Symposium, The Pacific War in Papua New Guinea, Perceptions and Realities, Australian National University, 7–8 August 2003.

120
G. H. Vernon,
A War Diary. The Owen Stanley Campaign, July–November 1942
, 253/5/8, AWM 54.

121
Peter Brune,
Those Ragged Bloody Heroes
, p. 45. (From a interview Peter Brune had with Bidstrup in 1986).

122
ibid, p.54.

123
Australian War Memorial, Allied Translator and Interpreter Section, 12 October 1942, Captured Documents Nos 32–35.

124
Raymond Paull,
Retreat From Kokoda
, p. 65.

125
Lex MacAulay,
Blood and Iron: The Battle For Kokoda 1942
, Hutchinson Australia, Sydney, 1st edn, 1991, 2nd edn 1992, p. 53.

126
Bill Edgar,
Warrior of Kokoda
:
A Biography of Brigadier Arnold Potts
, Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 1999, p. 127.

127
A full account of this can be found in Peter Brune,
Those Ragged Bloody Heroes
, p. 59.

128
This is material drawn from an extensive interview conducted with Lawrie ‘Smoky’ Howson, on 5 November 1988, by Harry Martin and Milissa Byrne, for the Australian War Memorial.

129
The best account of this action can be found from p. 74 onwards of Lex MacAulay,
Blood and Iron.

130
Peter Brune,
Those Ragged Bloody Heroes
, p. 62.

131
An account of this episode can be found in Raymond Paull,
Retreat From Kokoda
, p. 77.

132
This account based on diary entry displayed in Dudley McCarthy,
Australia in the War of 1939–45
, p. 135.