Lee Krasner (72 page)

1. Conrad, born Earl Cohen in 1912, was by then the author of books about the prison experience of Haywood Patterson, one of the Scottsboro Boys; a biography of the abolitionist Harriet Tubman; a book called
Jim Crow America
, and other books.

2. Oscar Collier to Lee Krasner, letter of 3-28-1967, on letterhead of Fleet Publishing Corporation, LKP, AAA, roll 3771, frame 1139.

3. 1995-Friedman, xi–xiii.

4. To cite just a few examples of errors of fact, 1996-Wagner, 107, wrote that Krasner “was born Lenore Krassner…. she occasionally adopted…the romantic ‘Lena.'” Yet the opposite is the case; Lee Krasner's given name was Lena and she adopted Lenore is high school. In a family photograph taken in Shpikov (not located “just north of Odessa,” as is so often stated) before the family came to America, 1989-Naifeh, 368, finds “Lena on her father's knee,” when in fact, she was not yet born. LKCR, 301, reports “Krasner was skeptical about Ruth's marrying William Stein [their sister's widower] because of her age (fourteen), when in fact she was eighteen in 1929 and, 311, an incorrect date for when she began seeing a therapist. 1996-Wagner, 138, gives 1942 as the date Krasner and Pollock met, which is 1941, except for their earlier meeting at a party in the 1930s; she gives the date of their marriage as 1944, when it is 1945.

5. 1989-Naifeh, 371.

6. 1995-Gabor, 69.

7. Frances Patiky Stein to the author, 1-17-2007. Diana Burroughs, who was married to Pollock's nephew, Jason McCoy, also recalled that Ruth and Lee did not get along (interview with the author, 1-21-2010). Ruth lied about her age and the date of her marriage. Her view of Krasner family dynamics was not shared by others whom I interviewed.

8. 1996-Wagner, 134

9. 1996-Wagner, 134

10. 1989-Naifeh, 857.

11. B. H. Friedman to the author, 4-13-2007 and 4-1-2010. The couple in Friedman's novel, set in the 1960s, are Jeff MacMaster, a leading photojournalist and his wife, Edys Askin, who was not an artist.

12. 1989-Naifeh, 393, taken from B. H. Friedman,
Almost a Life
(New York: The Viking Press, 1975), 162.

13. 1989-Naifeh, 395 and 857, source note; 1975-Friedman, 162.

14. 1989-Naifeh, 708. 1995-Gabor, 44.

15. 1989-Naifeh, 708, and repeated by 2004-Stevens, 335. The sources for this account, as acknowledged by Naifeh and Smith, were LK herself and Fritz Bultman, both of whom were dead before their book was published. See also Patti Doten, “A Lurid Picture of Jackson Pollock,”
Boston Globe,
February 22, 1990, 73, 78.

16. 1995-Gabor, 44. Among others, Gabor interviewed LK and Jeanne Bultman.

17. Author's interviews with Jeanne Bultman, 4-23-2007 and 7-28-2007.

18. Lee Krasner to the author, 8-29-1977, outtake for Barbara Rose film. See also 1979-Munro, 108.

19. 2004-Stevens, 129–130. Their endnote cites Bultman's interview of January with Irving Sandler, 1-6-1968, AAA.

20. 1968-Bultman.

21. 1968-McNeil.

22. 1970-Sandler, omitted Krasner except in his acknowledgments as “Lee Krasner Pollock” in a list of persons interviewed and in the credits—as the owner of some art works by Pollock that are reproduced.

23. These books by Sandler include
The New York School: The Painters and Sculptors of the Fifties
(New York: Harper & Row, 1979) and
American Art of the 1960's
(New York: HarperCollins, 1989).

24. 2009-Sandler, 229, note 86.

25. 2009-Sandler, 229.

26. 1990-Anfam, 15.

27. 1990-Anfam, 122.

28. 1997-Gibson, ix.

29. 2008-Küster, 72.

30. Ulf Küster to the author, spring 2008.

Abel, Lionel, 65, 76, 77, 87, 110, 116

Adler, Pamela, 399

Albee, Edward, 2, 380, 403, 434, 437, 440, 446, 451

Albers, Anni, 421

Albright, Ivan Le Lorraine, 224

Albright, Thomas, 445

Alfieri, Bruno, 265

American Abstract Artists (AAA), 103, 131–32, 143–46, 148, 150–51, 153–54, 164, 175, 180, 184, 194, 206, 238, 239

American Artists Congress, 104, 106, 111, 135

American Friends of Spanish Democracy, 112

American Watercolor Society, 229

Ames, Elizabeth, 90

Appel, Karel, 322, 328, 404

Appelhof, Ruth, 371, 404–5

Arbus, Diane, 395

Armory Show (1913), 166, 246

Armstrong, Louis, 180

Armstrong, Tom, 433–34

Arp, Jean, 180, 198, 220

art:

abstract, 113, 152, 184, 198, 264, 291, 357

abstract expressionism, 3, 5, 9–10, 12, 131, 226, 244, 265, 318, 351, 355, 362, 390, 399–400, 402, 410–11, 415, 416–17, 418, 419, 421–22, 444, 445–46, 447

action painting, 3, 278–79, 287–88, 354–55, 359, 382, 445

avant-garde, 100–101, 136, 144, 198, 239

color-field painting, 349–50

Conceptualism, 412

cubism, 123, 125, 127, 128, 182, 220, 221, 223, 238, 325, 412

Dada, 196, 325

federal support of, 82, 86–88, 94, 97, 121, 148

“The Irascibles,” 263, 264, 363

modernism, 7, 67, 136, 188, 194, 256, 265, 411

and nationalism, 72–73, 110, 114, 391, 434

Neoplasticism, 180, 181, 182, 186

primitive, 149

Social Realist, 91, 106, 110, 113

Surrealism, 98, 100–101, 102, 124, 139, 167, 168, 196, 198, 199–200, 205, 224, 229, 351, 390, 416

Synchromists, 83

Art for the People, 104

Art Front,
86, 88, 114

Artists Club, 260, 272

Artists Union, 73, 74, 85–86, 88, 94, 97, 103, 106–8, 111, 114, 118, 121, 130–31, 175

Art of This Century, New York, 6, 200, 208, 210, 212, 219, 224–26, 240, 246, 253

Art Students League, 49–50, 83, 103, 166, 172, 206

Ashton, Dore, 275, 407

Avery, Milton, 212

Aylon, Helene, 425

 

Baker, A. T., 398–99

Bandes, Lucille, 404

Barnet, Will, 330

Baro, Gene, 403

Barr, Alfred H., Jr., 66, 101, 135, 224, 226, 317, 380

Bayer, Herbert, 190

Baziotes, William, 199, 200, 205, 419, 445

Bearden, Romare, 404

Becker, Maurice, 90

Bell, Daniel, 26

Bengelsdorf, Rosalind, 134, 143

Benn, Ben, 194–95

Benner, Dyne, 405–6

Bennett, Evelyn, 428–29

Bennett, Gwendolyn, 35

Bennett, Joan, 158

Bennett, Ward, 213

Bennington College, Vermont, 284, 286

Benton, Rita, 280

Benton, Thomas Hart, 73, 83, 155, 170, 194, 242, 264, 271

Berezov, Maurice, 117, 179, 327

Bernstein, Pearl, 194

Besant, Annie, 170

Betty Parsons Gallery, New York City, 246, 250, 426, 466

Bignou, Étienne, 68

Blaine, Nell, 319

Blake, Peter, 266, 362

Blavatsky, Madame Helena Petrovna, 170

Bliss, Lillie P., 66

Block, Irving, 85

Block, Paul, 112, 118, 120

Bloom, Suzanne, 445

Bluhm, Norman, 353

Bodenheim, Maxwell, 77–78

Bolotowsky, Ilya, 54, 56, 62, 69–70, 93, 131, 148, 149, 150, 184, 290, 396

Bonnard, Pierre, 165, 178

Bontecou, Lee, 357

Bosch, Hieronymus, 224

Bourdon, David, 410–11

Bourgeois, Louise, 392, 393, 421

Bourke-White, Margaret, 145

Bowden, Harry, 249, 250

Brach, Paul, 281–82, 321, 390

Braider, Carol, 293, 307, 441–42

Braider, Donald, 293

Brancusi, Constantin, 151

Brandt, Warren, 385

Braque, Georges, 123, 127, 144, 151, 165, 178, 217, 325

Brauer, Carl F., 254

Breton, André, 139, 198, 199, 225

Bridgman, George Brant, 50, 67

Brodovitch, Alexey, 155, 261

Brook, Alexander, 258, 266, 291

Brooklyn Museum, 4, 408–9

Brookner, Anita, 357

Brooks, Charlotte, 308, 434, 449

Brooks, James, 240, 247, 258, 261, 262, 291, 306, 316, 368, 385, 397, 434, 449

Browder, Earl, 116

Brown, G. Baldwin, 221

Browne, Byron, 54, 56, 132, 134, 138, 143, 148, 149, 203

Browner, Juliet, 88–89

Bruce, Edward, 86

Bruce, Patrick Henry, 430

Bryson, Bernarda, 108

Bultman, Fritz, 81, 103, 129, 134, 135, 141–42, 147, 174–75, 188, 213, 241, 270, 296, 316, 355, 361

Bultman, Jeanne Lawson, 195, 213, 316, 356

Bunce, Lou, 166–67, 181

Bunshaft, Gordon, 362

Buñuel, Luis,
Un Chien Andalou,
101

Burchfield, Charles, 72

Burliuk, David, 165, 166

Burroughs, Diana, 449

 

Café Society Uptown, 180–82

Calder, Alexander, 146, 156, 208, 210, 211, 216

Campbell, Lawrence, 168, 383–84

Cardonsky, Darby, 441, 446

Carles, Arthur B., 120, 213, 228, 239

Carles, Jeanne Mercedes Cordoba (Matter), 120, 129, 132, 135, 147, 152, 155–56, 158, 160, 168, 172–73, 189, 203, 204, 205, 206, 209, 212–14, 215, 218, 233, 252, 279–82, 288

Caro, Anthony, 370

Carone, Nicolas, 303, 308

Carrington, Leonora, 224, 253

Cassatt, Mary, 349

Cassou, Jean, 136

Castelli, Leo, 272, 337

Catt, Carrie Chapman, 45

Cavaliere, Barbara, 416, 420, 432

Cavallon, Giorgio, 54, 56, 62, 321, 368, 394

Cézanne, Paul, 48, 67–68, 70, 71, 102, 103

Chareau, Pierre, 229

Chase, William Merritt, 67

Cheim, John, 438, 442

Chicago, Judy, 390–91, 395, 414, 444

Chirico, Giorgio de, 98, 100, 101, 114, 165, 178

Christofanetti, Lucia, 229

Chryssa, 393

Chwatsky, Ann, 439–40

Cincinnati Art Museum, 2098

City College of New York, 74–75, 76, 82

Clark, Sir Kenneth, 356, 371–72

Coates, Robert M., 201, 268

Colbert, Claudette, 39

Cole, John, 315

Coleman, Ornette, 341

Collins, Judy, 298, 313

Collins, Pat, 165, 166

Cologne Museum, 438

Communist Party, 73–74, 85, 95, 98, 105, 106–8, 110–11, 113, 187, 321

Connolly, Jean, 201

Cooper, Douglas, 310

Cooper, Peter, 41

Cooper Union, 41–50, 390, 401

The Pioneer
(student newspaper), 44–45, 48

Corbusier, Le, 265

Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., 403

Covey, Arthur, 54

Craven, Thomas, 73, 154

Crosman, Christophe, 109

Cunningham, Bill, 356

Curran, Charles Courtney, 58, 65, 69, 70

 

Dalí, Salvador, 101, 224, 447

Daumier, Honoré, 106

Daunis, Laurel, 402

Davie, Alan, 304

Davis, Stuart, 103, 116, 120, 148, 165, 166, 203, 239

de Kooning, Elaine Fried, 251, 259, 267, 272, 281–82, 291, 293, 320, 328, 368, 394, 406

de Kooning, Willem, 3, 59, 80, 82, 88–89, 95, 103–4, 111, 115, 128, 130, 131, 132, 136, 143, 148, 164, 165, 173, 178, 203, 204, 239, 251, 259, 260, 267, 280–82, 287, 291, 293, 307, 322, 327–28, 355, 363, 394–95, 397, 405, 407, 420, 428, 435, 437, 442, 445, 447

Delaunay, Robert, 71, 123–24

Delaunay, Sonia, 71, 393

Delvaux, Paul, 224

Derain, André, 165, 178

De Stijl,
127, 180

Devree, Howard, 267, 284

Diamonstein, Barbaralee, 416

Diaz, Virginia, 165, 166

Dickinson, Sydney Edward, 67

Dickler, Gerald, 344, 359, 360, 449

Diller, Burgoyne, 116, 120, 130, 144

Dobrovolskaya, Nina Michailovna, 59, 60, 159

Doesburg, Theo van, 180

Dolan, Bobby, 99

Dove, Arthur, 239

Downs, Cile, 296, 299–300, 304, 308, 321, 339, 344, 408

Downtown Gallery, New York City, 166

Dragon, Ted, 256, 260, 266, 270, 272, 337–38, 380, 403, 449

Drew, Virginia, 78

Drewes, Werner, 132, 150, 239

Duble, Lu, 206

Duboff, Sam,
289

Dubuffet, Jean, 278, 328, 339, 340

Duchamp, Marcel, 102, 156, 196, 201, 224, 226

Dudensing, Valentine, 115, 179

Dune Hame Cottage, Watch Hill, 405–6

Dunoyer de Segonzac, 165, 178

Durieux, Caroline, 421

Dykaar, Moses Weiner, 49

Dzubas, Friedel, 304

 

Eames, Charles, 205, 206, 213

Eames, Ray Kaiser “Buddha,” 8, 129, 203, 204, 205–6, 212–13, 239, 381, 443

El Greco, 157, 363

Eliot, T. S., 162, 228, 404

Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 76, 350, 351

Emmerich, André, 438

Englesmith, Tejas, 371–72

Ernst, Jimmy, 8, 200, 205, 224, 229, 385, 434, 440

Ernst, Max, 200, 216, 224, 229, 243, 259

Erskine, Halley, 331

Evergood, Philip, 106

 

FBI, 109, 321–22

Federal Art Project, 86–87, 103, 113, 120, 121, 175

Feeley, Paul and Helen, 286

Ferber, Herbert, 54

Ferren, John, 239

Fine, Perle, 126, 129, 179, 320, 327, 329, 381, 385, 396, 406

Fini, Leonor, 253, 392

Flack, Audrey, 306–7, 406

Flint, Ralph, 71

Forge, Andrew, 374

Forgey, Benjamin, 403

Fox, Ruth, 270–71, 276

Frankenstein, Alfred, 387

Frankenthaler, Helen, 283, 284, 286, 294, 309, 310, 311, 316, 319, 350, 353, 357, 409

Franzese, Therese, 369

Frank K.M. Rehn Gallery, New York City, 91

Franklin Siden Gallery, Detroit, 369

Freas, Jean, 284–86

Freed, Hermine, 397

Frelinghuysen, Suzy, 99, 151, 152, 239, 392

French & Company, 331–36, 399, 420

Freud, Sigmund, 295, 297, 306

Frick, Helen, 42

Friedan, Betty, 410

Friedman, Abby, 316, 321, 350

Friedman, B. H., 102, 107, 168, 172, 174, 241, 296, 307, 316, 321, 323, 329–30, 350, 355, 371, 397–98, 403, 441

Friedman, Sanford (Sandy), 328–29, 331, 344, 350, 355, 358, 360–61, 369, 380, 437

 

Gallatin, Albert E., 151

Gallery 67, New York City, 216, 220

Gauguin, Paul, 67, 68

Gee's Bend, Alabama, quilting collective, 378

Geist, Sidney, 309

Geldzahler, Henry, 446

Gellert, Hugo, 113

Genauer, Emily, 275, 351

Gersing, Esther (Krasner), 448

Giacometti, Alberto, 135, 268

Gibbs, David,
339,
340–47, 353, 354, 355, 356–57, 359, 360–62, 375, 376, 379, 403, 406, 443

Gilman, Charlotte Perkins, 46

Gilot, Françoise, 259

Gimpel, Charles, 309, 310

Gimpel, Kay, 310

Girls' High School, Brooklyn, 34–35, 36

Glarner, Fritz, 368

Glickman, Rena (Rusty Kanokogi), 2, 134,
367,
449, 450

Glickman, Seymour, 450

Glimcher, Arnold, 407, 420, 437, 438

Glueck, Grace, 383, 384, 393, 415, 439

Goldberg, Michael, 326

Goldwaithe, (Helena) Anne, 118

Goncharova, Natalia, 393

Goodman, Job, 83–84, 87, 126, 171

Goodnough, Robert, 275

Gorelick, Boris, 56, 73, 74, 81, 85

Gorky, Arshile, 3, 103–4, 111, 113, 115, 120, 128, 131–32, 134, 143, 148, 149, 155, 164, 178, 199–200, 205, 212, 218, 220, 252, 260, 280, 420

Gosling, Nigel, 373

Gotfryd, Bernard, 442, 447

Gottlieb, Adolph, 205, 220, 238, 245, 258, 322, 385, 394, 397, 445

Gottlieb, Harry, 94, 120

Gould, Joe, 77

Gower, Joseph, 114

Goya, Francisco de, 39, 106, 310

Graham, John D., 103, 149, 164–66, 178, 186–87, 203, 221, 308, 309, 408

Grandville, J. J., 101

Graves, Morris, 212

Graves, Nancy, 381

Great Depression, 64–65, 72, 73–74, 80, 81–82, 84–85, 93, 97, 110–11

Greenberg, Clement, 2, 3, 128–29, 139, 168, 201, 218, 240–41, 244, 267, 270, 272, 276, 279, 281–82, 283, 284, 286, 288, 294–95, 296, 304, 311, 312, 313, 319, 331, 332–36, 342, 343–45, 350, 353, 355, 371, 379, 394, 399, 406, 420

Greenberg, David, 448

Greenberg, Jenny, 334, 343

Greene, Balcomb, 73, 81, 88, 113, 114, 143, 154, 175, 180, 258, 291, 327

Greene, Gertrude “Peter” Glass, 63, 73, 88, 99, 143, 150, 392

Greene, Stephen, 104

Greuze, Jean-Baptiste, 102

Gribetz, Joel and Helen, 289–90

Gris, Juan, 325

Groh, Alan, 302

Gropper, William, 106, 111, 114, 187

Gruen, John, 387

Grünwald, Matthias, 224

Guggenheim, Benjamin, 198

Guggenheim, Pegeen [Vail], 218, 229

Guggenheim, Peggy, 6, 197–202,
197,
207, 208–13, 216, 218–20, 225–26, 229, 233–34, 239–40, 246–47, 250, 264, 265, 310, 357–58, 376

Guggenheim, Solomon, 188, 197, 294

Guglielmi, Louis, 224

Guild Hall, East Hampton, 258, 261, 291, 377, 385, 396–97, 435, 440, 441

Guston, Musa, 316

Guston, Philip, 245, 280, 316

 

Halpert, Edith, 166

Haney, James Parton, 37–38

Hantman, Murray, 114

Harden, Marcia Gay, 1

Hare, David, 225, 321

Harnoncourt, René d', 157

Harris, Ann Sutherland, 408, 421

Harris, Ed, 1

Hartigan, Grace, 250–51, 257, 272, 276, 319, 328, 337, 381, 409

Hartley, Marsden, 255

Hauke, Frederick, 207

Hauke, Janet, 206–7

Hayter, Stanley William, 226–27, 273, 315