Madame de Pompadour (36 page)

Espirit de Contradiction, L
’ (Dufresny, 1700), 81

Estrades, Elizabeth Charlotte de Semonville, Comtesse, 37, 43, 48, 49, 55, 65, 75, 80, 104, 107, 145, 146, 147, 149, 150, 185, 187, 205

Estrées, Louis Charles César Le Tellier, Marquis de Courtenvaux, Duc d’ (1695–1771), Maréchal de France 1757, 47, 198–200

Estrées family, 25

Etats Généraux, 156

Etioles, Alexandrine d’ (1744–54), daughter of Mme de P. by her husband, 20–1, 43, 99, 112, 151–4, 165, 167, 230, 233

Etioles, Charles Guillaume Le Normant d’, husband of Jeanne Antoinette Poisson, 20, 31, 43, 44, 57

Etioles, Madame d’:
see
Pompadour, Marquise et Duchesse d’

Etioles, Château d’, Forest of Sénart [District of Paris], 20, 39, 43, 44

Evreux, Hôtel d’:
see
Elysée, Palais de l’

Fagon, Guy Crescent (1638–1718), doctor of Louis XIV, 1, 6

Falconet, Etienne (1716–91), sculptor and porcelain maker, 63, 127, 133

Favart, Charles Simon (1710–92), 229

Ferté d’Imbault, Marquise de la (née Geoffrin, d. 1791), 22–3, 57, 228

Fitzjames, Charles, Duc de (1712–87), grandson of the Duke of York (James VII and II) and Arabella Churchill, 75, 220

Fleury, André Hercule de (1653–1743), Bishop of Fréjus 1698, Cardinal 1726, 8, 10, 38, 39, 175

Fontainebleu, Château de [District of Paris], 54–5, 56, 57, 59, 60, 64, 69, 83, 84, 92, 99, 113, 114, 126, 142, 147–8, 149, 150, 201

Fontanieu, M. De, 186

Fontenelle, Bernard Le Bovier de (1657–1757), 22, 52

Fontenoy, Battle of, 1745, 38–48, 49, 52, 77–8, 106, 133

Fouquet, Nicolas:
see
Belle-Isle, Nicolas Fouquet, Marquis de

Francis I (1708–65), husband of Maria Theresa, elected Holy Roman Emperor 1745, 38

François I (1494–1547), King of France from 1515, 204

Frederick II (1712–86), the Great, King of Prussia from 1740, 51, 52, 121, 171, 174–9, 188, 198, 200, 201, 202, 204, 205–7, 208

French Revolution, the, 5, 21, 69, 76, 95, 118, 126, 141, 159, 161, 187, 199–200, 211, 227, 228

Fronde, the, 3, 160

Fronsac, Louis du Plessis, Duc de, 153, 178, 205

Gabriel, Jacques IV Ange (1698–1782), architect, 24, 53, 124, 126, 144, 226, 227

Galerie des Glaces, Versailles, 7, 30

gambling, 49, 60, 61, 64

Garde des Sceaux
, 156, 185

Garter, Order of the (est. 1348), 73

Gazette de France
, founded 1631, 164

Genoa, 199, 200

Geoffrin, Marie-Therèse Rodet, Madame (1699–1777), 22–3, 164

George II (1683–1760), King of Great Britain and Ireland from 1727, 202, 208

George III (1738–1820), King of Great Britain and Ireland from 1760, 130, 222

Germany, 170, 176, 197

Gesvres, Hôtel de, Paris, 20, 33, 34

Gesvres, Louis Léon, Duc de (1692–1757), 48, 129, 183

Ghent, 45

Gisors, Hélène Mancini, Comtesse de, 208

Gisors, Louis Marie Fouquet, Comte de (1732–58), 77, 208

Gobelins factory, 157

Gontaut, Louis Antoine de:
see
Biron, Louis Antoine de Gontaut, Duc de

Gramont, Antoine Antonin, Duc de, 214–15; Béatrixe de Choiseul Stainville, Duchesse de (1730–94), 214–15

Gramont family, 25

Grenelle, Plaine de, Paris, 128, 144

Gresses, Jean-Baptiste Louis (1709–77), writer, 81–2

Griffit, Père Henri (1698–1771), 143

Guay, Jacques (c. 1715–87), jeweller, 133, 232

Gustavus III (1746–92), King of Sweden from 1771, 130

Hanover, Electorate of, 172, 176

Hanovre, Pavillon de, 205

Hastenbeck, Hanover, Battle of, 1757, 199, 210

Hausset, Madame du (1720–80), Mme de P.’s maid, 68, 70, 71, 87, 115, 116–17, 118–19, 136, 139, 140, 167

Havana, Cuba, 223

Havre, Le [Seine-Maritime], 106–7, 109

Hawke, Edward Hawke, 1
^st
Baron (1705–81), 130

Hay, Lord Charles (d. 1760), 45

Helvétius, Claude Adrien (1715–71), 22

Hénault, Président Jean-François (1685–1770), 22, 28, 29, 44; his
History of France
, 1744, 164, 232

Henri III (1551–89), King of France from 1574, 164

Henri IV (1553–1610), King of Navarre from 1572, of France from 1589, 8, 93, 164, 192, 193

Henriette-Anne of France (1727–52), younger twin (with the Duchess of Parma), second and favourite daughter of Louis XV, 10, 94–5, 120

Hermitage, the, 69, 124, 125, 126, 130, 142, 178, 226

Hertford, Francis Seymour Conway 1
^st
Marquess of (1718–94), on Mme de P., 232–3

Hesse, 198, 208

Holland, 171, 218

Holy Year, 98, 143, 145

Hôtel de Ville, Paris, 29, 32, 33–4, 48, 107, 183, 193

Huet, Christophe (d. 1759), artist, 129

Hungary, Queen of:
see
Marie Theresa

hunting, 4, 5, 8, 12, 24, 54, 64, 69, 71, 73, 74, 77, 78, 79, 80, 86, 91, 115, 126, 143, 187, 189, 223, 225

Ile de France, 4, 25

Indes, Compagnie des, 17, 104

Index, the, 97

India, 98, 132, 171, 195, 224

Invalides, the, Paris (est. 1670), 128, 144

Isabelle (Maria Isabella of Parma) (1741–63), first wife of the Emperor Joseph II, 211

Italy, 97

Jansenism and Jansenists, 157–63

Jekyll, Joseph (d. 1837), 129–30

Jéliotte, Pierre (1713–97), Mme de P.’s singing master, 18, 79

John V (1689–1750), King of Portugal from 1707, 9

Joseph II (1741), Archduke of Austria, elected Holy Roman Emperor, 1765, 221

Jouy, Antoine Louis Rouillé, Comte de (1689–1761), 177, 188, 189; Mme de Jouy, 188

Knox, Ronald Arbuthnot (1888–1957), 159

Lachau-Montauban, Comtesse de, 49

La Chaussée, Pierre Claude Nivelle de (1692–1752), 52, 81

Lafitte, Château (wine), 56

La Martinière, Germain Richault de (1690–1783), Louis XV’s surgeon, 182

Lameth, M. De, 132

La Mothe, Maréchal de, 52, 83

La Popelinière, Alexandre Joseph Le Riche de (1692–1762), 77–8

La Popelinière, Thérèse des Hayes, Madame de (1713–52), 77–8

La Rochefoucauld de Roye, Frédéric Jérome (1701–57), Archbishop of Bourges from 1729, Cardinal, 40, 106, 182

Lasmarte, Jean-Marie de, Louis XV’s huntsman, 78–9, 115

Lassurance, Jean II (c. 1690–1755), architect, 63, 65, 126, 127

La Tour, Maurice Quentin de (1704–88), artist in pastel, 131, 176

La Tour d’Auvergne family, 41, 64, 65

Lauraguais, Duchesse de (1714–69), 13, 25, 51, 164, 199, 232

Lauzun, Armand de Gontaut–Biron, Duc de (1747–93), 213

La Vallière, Louis César de la Baume Le Blanc, Duc de (1708–80), 65, 80, 85, 86, 120, 129, 144, 165

La Vallière, family, 25

Lebel, Dominque Guillaume (1696–1768), Concierge of Versailles, 11, 136–7, 138

Leblanc, Abbé, 97

Leczinska, Marie:
see
Marie Leczinska

Leczinski, Stanislas:
see
Stanislas I

Lempereur, jeweler, 217

Lépicié, Michel Nicolas Bernard (1735–84), painter, 131

Le Vau, Louis (1612–70), architect, 141

library of Mme de P., 130

Lignières, Père de, Louis XV’s confessor, 11

Ligonier, John (Jean Louis) Ligonier, Earl (1680–1770), Field Marshal 1766, 170

Lisbon, great earthquake at, 1755, 197

Livry, M. de, 75

Lixin, Prince de, 122

Lorraine: Duc de:
see
Stanislas I, King of Poland; House of, 122, 153; province of, 122

Louis XIII (1601–43), King of France from 1610, 8, 27, 38

Louis XIV (1638–1715), King of France from 1643, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 21, 31, 47, 64, 85, 94, 101, 102, 121, 144, 158, 163–4, 166, 192, 205, 207, 216, 226

Louis XV (1710–74), King of France from 1715, accession, 1; love of hunting, 4; care for agriculture, 4; routine at Versailles, 5–6; and his child fiancée, the Infanta Maria Ana Victoria, 8–9; marriage to Maria Leczinska, 10–11; and Mme de Mailly, 11–12; and Mme de Vintimille, 12; and Mme de Châtearoux, 12–14; illness at Metz, 12–14, 20; receives the name Well Beloved, 14; love for Château de Choisy, 24; attractiveness, 25; meets Mme d’Etioles
at
the Ball of the Clipped Yew Trees, 32; at Battle of Fontenoy, 45, 46; adopts use of nicknames, 58; love of piquet, 60; house building hobby, 65; liking for gambling, 75; love for his legitimate children, 91; sits up with Dauphin, ill with smallpox, 91–2; refuses to visit Paris again, 107; love of animals, 119; dislike of Frederick the Great, 121; morbid moods, 121; and the Parisian widow, 136–7; and the Parc aux Cerfs, 138, 168–9; and Mme de Choiseul, 145–54; and Mme de Coislin, 167; Damiens’s attempts on his life, 180–94; change in way of life, 197–8; cuts down his expenses, 216; and Mme de P.’s last illness, 231; watches her body leave Versailles, 233; many other references passim

Louis XV, Place, Paris (now Place de la Concorde), 15, 227

Louis XVI (1754–93), King of France (1774–92), 6, 7, 98, 105, 139, 161, 187, 205

Louis XVIII (1755–1824), King of France from 1815, 6, 91, 211

Louis (1729–65) son of Louis XV, Dauphin of France, 6, 13, 26, 28; marriage to the Infanta Marie-Thérèsa-Raphaele, 29–37; at Fontenoy, 39, 46, 47; reception at Court of Mme de P., 51, 59; death of Marie-Thérèsa-Raphaele, 63–4, 88, 89, 90; tastes and character, 87, 91, 112; hostility to the
Encyclopédistes
, 119–20; Queen’s love for, 141, 143; and Damiens’s attack on the King, 181, 182, 183, 184; 1861, 88; Mme de P.’s death, 231; other references passim

Louis, le demi-:
see
Luc, Comte du

Louise of France (1737–87), 6
^th
daughter of Louis XV, 58, 95, 211

Louisburg [Nova Scotia, Canada], 104, 206

Louis Philippe (1773–1850), King of the French, 127, 142

Louvre, Palace of the, Paris, 15, 28, 41, 176

Low Countries, 180
see also
Austrian Netherlands

Lowendal (Lœvendal), Ulrick Frederick Valdemar, Count (1700–55), Maréchal de France 1747, 77–8, 170, 198

Luc, Comte du, ‘le demi-Louis’, (1740–1811), son of Louis XV and Mme de Vintimille, 12, 226

Lunéville [Meurthe-et-Moselle], 52, 54, 80, 89, 112, 113

Lutzelberg, Battle of, 1758, 209–10

Lutzenbourg, Mme de, 125, 203

Luxembourg, Museé du, 99

Luynes, Charles Philippe d’Albert, Duc de (1695–1758), 19, 27–8, 36, 55, 59–60, 83–4, 86, 104, 162, 167, 265–6, 193, 199

Luynes, Marie Brulart, Marquise de Charost, later Duchesse de (1684–1763), 27–8, 31, 49, 59–60, 83–4, 114, 143

Luynes, Paul d’Albert de (1703–88), Archbishop of Sens 1753, Cardinal 1756, 28

Macaulay, Thomas Babington Macaulay, Baron (1800–59), 139

Machault d’Arnouville, Jean Baptiste de (1701–94), 156, 158, 162, 183, 184–5, 187, 188

Madame, La Petite (1747–9), Dauphin’s child by first marriage, 88, 89, 90, 93

Madame Infante:
see
Parma, (Marie Louise) Elisabeth, Duchess of

Madrid, 31, 66, 172

Mahon, Minorca, 170; Mahonaise, 170

Mailly, Louise Julie de Maily-Nesle, Comtesse de (1710–51), a mistress of Louis XV, 11, 12, 13, 25, 36, 105, 136, 143, 227

Mailly sisters, 25, 51, 53, 70, 167

Maintenon, François d’ Aubigné, Marquise de (1635–1719), 72, 163–4

Mansart, Jules Hardouin (1646–1737), architect, 5

Marais, Mathieu (1665–1737), writer, 10

Maria Ana Victoria, Infanta of Spain, betrothed to but rejected by Louis XV, 3, 9, 29

Maria Theresa (1717–80), Archduchess of Austria and King of Hungary from 1740, wife of the Emperor Francis I, 38, 174, 176, 179, 206, 216, 218

Marie Antoinette (1755–93), Queen of Louis XVI of France, 68, 99, 100, 116, 125

Marie Josèphe de Saxe (1731–67), second wife of Louis, Dauphin of France, 88; chosen as wife for the Dauphin, 89; marriage celebrations, 90–1; sympathy with the Dauphin’s grief for his first wife, 90; wins over the Queen, 90; nurses the Dauphin during his attack of smallpox, 92; miscarriages, 93; birth of children, 93–4, 194, 198, 225; death of her mother, 198, 203; on Mme de P.’s death, 231–2

Marie Leczinska (1703–68), Queen of Louis XV of France, chosen as bride for the King, marriage and character, 10–11; her friends on, 26–7; at the Dauphin’s marriage celebrations, 30; gambling debts, 60; and Mme de P., 59–60, 82–4; visits the Théâtre des Petits Cabinets, 82; won over by her second daughter-in-law, 90; dislike of Voltaire, 114; and Damiens’s attack on the King, 182; on Mme de P.’s death, 232; other references passim

Marie Louise Elisabeth of France
see
Parma, (Marie Louise) Elisabeth, Duchess of

Marie-Thérèsa Raphaele de Bourbon, Infanta of Spain (1727–47), first wife of Louis, (1729–65), Dauphin of France; marriage, 29–37; pregnancy and birth of daughter, 60; death, 60

Marie-Zéphyrine of France (1750–55), daughter of the Dauphin and Marie Josèphe, 92

Marigny, estate given by the King to Mme de P.’s father, 57, 96

Marigny, Abel François Poisson de Vandières, Marquis de (1727–91), brother of Mme de P., 17, 18, 19, 37, 43; created Marquis, 57, 58, 59, 63, 65; character, 96; sent to Italy by his sister, 97, 98; succeeds Tournehem as director of the King’s buildings, 99, 111, 116, 118, 119, 121, 128, 131–2; sells his sister’s possessions, 134, 151; grief at death of his niece Alexandrine, 151; lack of interest in politics, 155; refused admittance to the King during his illness, 184; advises his sister against leaving Versailles 184–5, 187; his sister’s legacy, 230; resigns all offices on his sister’s death, but the King restores them, 233; other references passim

Marlborough, George Spencer Churchill, 4
^th
Duke of (1739–1817), 223

Marivaux, Pierre Carlet de Chamblain de (1688–1763), 22, 77

Marly, Château de [District of Paris], 42, 54, 57, 62, 64, 67, 117, 167, 226

Marmontel, Jean François (1723–99), 109, 111, 147

Maupéou, René Nicolas Charles Augustin de (1714–92), 7, 159, 183

Maupertuis, Pierre Louis Moreau de (1698–1759), 52

Maurepas, Jean Frédéric Phélypeau, Comte de (1701–81), 40, 70, 102–6, 109, 119, 136, 156, 158, 205, 213

Méchant, Le
(Gresset, 1745), 81