Making the Connection: Strategies to Build Effective Personal Relationships (Collection) (77 page)

character

Benjamin Franklin’s,
117-121

changes in,
148

culture-based assessment of,
115-117

importance of,
121-122

moral instincts and emotions,
108-112

in personality appraisals,
143-144

six core universal virtues,
113-114

three main components,
114

separation from personality,
103-108

characteristic adaptations,
172

Chess, Stella,
84

childhood abuse, antisocial behavior and,
87-90

Childhood and Society
(Erikson),
77

children

personality development in,
77

predicting what they will be like,
84-86
,
165

temperaments of,
84-86

Clinton, Bill

comparison with Barack Obama,
26-27
,
140-148

facets of Big Five personality traits,
23-27

Joe Klein’s description of,
7-9

personality appraisal of,
140-148

Cloninger, Robert,
114

conduct disorder, childhood,
86

community in culture-based values,
115-117

compassion,
110

compulsive personality pattern

as character flaw,
107

defined,
31

example of,
44-45

opinion of self and others,
52

cognitive therapy,
50

Conscientiousness

advantages/disadvantages of,
74

Barack Obama example,
27

Bill Clinton example,
25

defined,
17

facets,
22

high Conscientiousness pattern,
44-45

representative words,
16

conscious and unconscious personality appraisals,
1
,
151

contempt,
111

cooperativeness, as major component of character,
114

correlations among personality traits,
12-15

Costa, Paul,
19
,
32

courage

analysis of Benjamin Franklin’s,
119

as a core universal virtue,
113

Covey, Stephen,
117

Crashing the Party
(Nader),
40

critical periods in brain development,
82-84

cultures

influence in personality appraisals,
143

specific values in,
115-117

cytosine,
66

D

Dallas, Jason,
57

Darwin, Charles,
58
,
61-62
,
76
,
108
,
112

Darwin, Erasmus,
61

DeFries, John,
68-69

dendrites,
79

dependent personality pattern

as character flaw,
107

defined,
31

example of,
47-48

opinion of self and others,
52

The Descent of Man
(Darwin),
108

de Waal, Frans,
109

dimensional and categorical patterns,
32
,
156

disgust,
111

divinity in culture-based values,
115-117

DNA

building blocks of,
66

sequencing,
69
,
71
,
162

domains, Big Five,
16

Bill Clinton example,
23-27

descriptions of,
16-19

discovery of,
15

facets of,
19-22

dopamine effect on personality,
70-71

Dowd, Maureen,
27

DRD4 gene,
71

Dreams from My Father
(Obama),
146

DSM-IV (
American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
),
30

Dunedin study,
87-89

E

Eisenhower, Dwight D.,
150

elevation,
110

Elkind, Peter,
136

Ellis, Joseph,
120

emotional contagion,
109

emotions, moral instincts and,
108-112

environment, shared,
64-66

environment, nonshared,
160-161
,
167

environmental impact

on epigenetic differences,
90
,
93

on gene variant selection,
72-75

on genes,
87
,
90

epigenetic changes,
91

accumulation with age,
92

as a stochastic process,
167

by acetylation of histones,
167

by methylation of DNA,
91-92

Erikson, Erik,
77
,
124-125
,
130-133

ethics of autonomy,
115-117

ethics of community,
115-117

ethics of divinity,
115-117

Extraversion

advantages/disadvantages of,
73

Barack Obama example,
26

Bill Clinton example,
24

defined,
16-17

facets,
22

Mark Zuckerberg example,
174

representative words,
16

high Extraversion pattern,
36-37

low Extraversion patterns,
33
,
36

F

facets of Big Five personality traits,
19-22

Bill Clinton example,
23-27

Barack Obama example,
26-27

factor analysis of personality trait correlations,
15

family environment.
See
nature versus nurture

female brain development,
81

Fischer, Bobby,
35

Franklin, Benjamin,
99-104
,
117-121

assessment of character,
117-121

self-improvement program,
100-103

list of thirteen virtues,
100-101

Freud, Sigmund,
74

G

Galton, Francis

distinguishing nature and nurture,
61-63

personality trait correlation analysis,
13-14

geese, imprinting,
82

“generativity versus self-absorption” (middle adulthood stage),
132

genes

epigenetic changes of,
91

interactions with environment,
87-93

mutations,
60
,
67

natural selection and,
60

structure of,
66-67

regulation of expression of,
66-67
,
161

variants,
67

influence on mouse personality,
68-69

influence on human personality,
70-71

genetic testing,
71
,
162

glucocorticoid receptor,
91

glucocorticoids,
90

GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone),
93

Goldberg, Lewis,
15

Goldman, Ron,
42

gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH),
93

Gore, Al,
39

gratitude,
110

guanine,
66

H

Haidt, Jonathan,
111

Hare, Robert,
42-43

heritability,
64
,
159-160

“The History of Twins As a Criterion of the Relative Powers of Nature and Nurture” (Galton),
62

histrionic personality pattern

as character flaw,
107

defined,
31

example of,
36-37

opinion of self and others,
51

humanity

analysis of Benjamin Franklin’s,
120

as core universal virtue,
113

hypothalamus,
81

I

identity,
123-125

changes in,
149

Oprah Winfrey’s story,
125-129

in personality appraisals,
144-147

selective reconstruction in,
129-133

Steve Jobs’ story,
133-137

If I Did It
(Simpson),
43

I Hate You, Don’t Leave Me
(Kreisman and Strauss),
49

“I’m detached” opinion,
50-53

“I’m right” opinion,
50-53

“I’m special” opinion,
50-53

“I’m vulnerable” opinion,
50-53

imprinting of baby geese,
82

“integrity versus despair” (late adulthood stage),
133

internet personality test,
21

“intimacy versus isolation” (young adulthood stage),
132

IPIP (International Personality Item Pool Representation of the NEO PI-R),
21-22

IQ, heritability,
94

Isaacson, Walter,
118
,
132

J

Jobs, Steve,
133-137

Johnson, John A.,
21

justice

analysis of Benjamin Franklin’s,
119

as core universal virtue,
113

defined,
101

K

Kagan, Elena,
125

Kagan, Jerome,
85

Kissinger, Henry,
83