Mary Queen of Scots (46 page)

17
CSP Scot
, vol. VIII, 632.

10: ENDING CAPTIVITY

1
The Trial of Mary Queen of Scots
, ed. A. Francis Steuart, 2nd edn, London: Hodges, 1951, p. 52.

2 Samuel Cowan,
The Last Days of Mary Stuart and the Journal of
Bourgoyne Her Physician
, London: Nash, 1907, p. 228.

3 Henry Clifford,
The Life of the Lady Jane Dormer, Duchess of Feria
, trans.
E.E. Estcourt, ed. Joseph Stevenson, London: Burnes, 1887, p. 119.

4 G.R. Batho, “The Execution of Mary, Queen of Scots,”
Scottish Historical
Review
, 39, 1960: 42.

5 Alexandre Labanoff (ed.),
Lettres, Instructions et Mémoires de Marie
Stuart, Reine D’Écosse
, 7 vols, London: Dolman, 1844, vol. VI, pp. 474–80.

6 Ibid.

7 Cowen,
Last Days of Mary Stuart
, p. 268.

8 Ibid., p. 275.

9 Steuart,
Trial of Mary
, p. 196.

10 Ibid., pp. 203–6.

11 Ibid., pp. 204–6.

12 BL, Add. MS. 35,324, f. 14.

13
Est Natura Hominum: The Scottish Queens Buriall at Peterborough, Upon
Tuesday Being Lammas Day, 1587
, London, by A.I. for Venge, 1589; Allan Crosby and John Bruce (eds),
Accounts and Papers Relating to Mary
Queen of Scots
, London: Camden Society, 1867, vol. 93, pp. vii–xxii, 28–62.

14
The Political Works of James I
, ed. Charles McIlwain, New York: Russell and Russell, repr., 1965, p. 34.

15 John Bruce (ed.),
Letters of Queen Elizabeth and King James VI of
Scotland
, vol. 16, London: Camden Society, 1849, p. 72.

16 CSP Rome, vol. I, 320; Samuel Cowan,
Mary Queen of Scots and Who
Wrote the Casket Letters?
, 2 vols, 2nd edn, London: Low, Marston, 1901, vol. I, p. 219.

17
Life of Dormer
, Estcourt, p. 175. The fear that she might be canonized led to the following attack: W. Barras,
Proposed Canonisation of Mary Queen
of Scots
,
Cardinal Beaton
,
and Archbishop Hamilton
, Glasgow: Office of the Scottish Protestant Alliance, 1887.

18
CSP Rome
, vol. I, 293.

19 Mrs P. Stewart-MacKenzie Arbuthnot (ed.),
Queen Mary’s Book: A
Collection of Poems and Essays by Mary Queen of Scots
, London: Bell, 1907, p. 110. The French version, taken from Leslie’s
Tranquilli Animi
Conservatio et Munimentum
, is on p. 166.

The manuscripts concerning Mary, queen of Scots, can be found in a number of libraries and archives, among them, the British Library, the Public Record Office, the Bibliothèque Nationale at Paris, the National Library of Scotland, the Huntington Library at San Marino, the Folger Shakespeare Library at Washington, D.C., Cambridge University Library, and in the Cecil Papers at Hatfield House. This is by no means an exhaustive list. The most numerous are at the British Library in the Add MSS and the Cottonian MSS Caligula and at the Public Record Office in the State Papers Nos. SP 52 and 70. Readers can access these and other documents at the archives through various calendars and most of the relevant ones have been published and republished.

Mary’s writings, creativity, and books

Most, but not all, her letters can be found in
Lettres, Instructions et
Mémoires de Marie Stuart, Reine D’Écosse
, ed. Alexandre Labanoff, 7 vols (London: Dolman, 1844). Some of them are available in translation in Agnes Strickland,
Letters of Mary Queen of Scots, Now First Published the
Originals, Collected from Various Sources, Private as well as Public, with an
Historical Introduction and Notes
, new edn, 2 vols (New York: Colburn, 1844); and
Letters of Mary Stuart, Queen of Scotland
, ed. William Turnbull (London: Dolman, 1845). For copies of her creativity, see
The
Latin Themes of Mary Stuart Queen of Scots
, ed. Anatole de Montaiglon (London: Warton Club, 1855);
Queen Mary’s Book: A Collection of Poems
and Essays by Mary Queen of Scots
, ed. Mrs. P. Stewart-MacKenzie Arbuthnot (London: Bell, 1907); Francis de Zulueta,
Embroideries by
Mary Stuart & Elizabeth Talbot at Oxburgh Hall
(Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 1923); Margaret Swain,
The Needlework of Mary, Queen
of Scots
(London: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1973); and
Writing
Renaissance Queens: Texts by and about Elizabeth I and Mary, Queen of Scots
, ed. Lisa Hopkins (Newark, DE: University of Delaware Press, 2002). 
See also,
The Library of Mary, Queen of Scots
, ed. Julian Sharman (London: Stock, 1889) and
A Book Bound for Mary Queen of Scots
, ed.
George Barwick (London: Bibliographical Society, 1901).

British government domestic publications

Some of the most useful publications are:
Acts of the Parliament of
Scotland
, ed. Thomas Thomson and Cosmo Innes, 12 vols (by Queen Victoria’s Command, 1814–75);
Calendar of State Papers, Domestic,
Edward VI, Mary, Elizabeth I, and James I,
12 vols (London: HMSO, 1856–72);
The Register of the Privy Council of Scotland
, ed. John Hill Burton, 14 vols (Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House, 1877–98).

Privately printed state papers

Only a sampling is included here
: A Full view of the Public Transactions
in the Reign of Queen Elizabeth
, ed. Patrick Forbes, 2 vols (London: Hawkins, 1740–41);
A Collection of State Papers Relating to Affairs in the
Reigns of King Henry VIII, King Edward VI, Queen Mary, and Queen
Elizabeth...Left by William Cecil, Lord Burghley
, ed. Samuel Haynes, 2
vols (London: Bowyer, 1740–59)
; A Collection of State Papers Relating to
Affairs in the Reign of Elizabeth from 1571–96, Transcribed from Original
Papers Left by William Cecil, Lord Burghley, and Reposited in the Library at
Hatfield House
, ed. William Murdin (London: Bowyer, 1759);
The State
Papers and Letters of Sir Ralph Sadler
, ed. Arthur Clifford, 2 vols (Edinburgh: Constable, 1809); Frederick von Raumer (ed.),
Contributions to Modern History from the British Museum and the State Paper
Office
, 2 vols (London: Knight, 1836–7); Robert Keith,
History of the
Affairs of Church and State in Scotland from the Beginning of the Reformation
to the year 1568
, ed. J.P. Lawson, 3 vols (Edinburgh: Spottiswoode Society, 1844); William Robertson,
The History of Scotland During the
Reigns of Queen Mary and King James VI
, new complete edition
(Aberdeen: Clark, 1847);
Miscellany Two
, ed. David Sellar (Edinburgh: Stair Society, 1984); and
The Last Years of Mary Queen of Scots: Documents
from the Cecil Papers at Hatfield House
, ed. Alan G.R. Smith (London: Roxburghe Club, 1990).

Diplomatic documents

These must be read cautiously, for diplomats often reported as truth the rumors they heard from their spies without confirming them.

Anglo-Scottish relations

The Hamilton Papers. Hamilton Letters and Papers, Illustrating the Political
Relations of England and Scotland in the Sixteenth Century
, ed. Joseph Bain, 2 vols (Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House, 1890–92); The Border P pers:
Calendar of Letters and Papers Relating to the Affairs of the Borders of
England and Scotland
, 2 vols (Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House, 1894–96);
Calendar of State Papers Relating to Scotland and Mary Queen of
Scots, 1547–1603
, ed. Joseph Bain, 13 vols (Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House, 1898–1969).
Foreign Correspondence with Marie de
Lorraine, Queen of Scotland from the Originals in the Balcarres Papers,
1548–57
, ed. Marguerite Wood, 2 vols (Edinburgh: Scottish History Society, 1923–5); and
Two Missions of Jacques de la Brosse, An Account of the
Affairs of Scotland in the Year 1543 and the Journal of the Siege of Leith, 1560
, ed. Gladys Dickinson (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1942).

Other diplomatic correspondence

Calendar
of Letters, Despatches, and State Papers Relating to Negotiations
Between England and Spain
, ed. G. Bergenroth,
et al
., 13 vols, 2 supple-ments (London: Longman, 1862–1954); Armand Baschet,
La
Diplomatie Vénitienne: Les Princes de l’Europe au XVIe Siècle
(Paris: Plon, 1862);
Calendar of State Papers Foreign, Elizabeth
, 23 vols (London: HMS0, 1863–1950);
Calendar of State Papers and Manuscripts Relating to
English Affairs, Existing in the Archives and Collections of Venice and in
Other Libraries of Northern Italy
, 39 vols (London: HMSO, 1864–1947
);
Despatches of Michele Suriano and Marc’ Antonio Barbaro, Venetian
Ambassadors at the Court of France
, ed. Henry Layard (Lymington: Huguenot Society of London, 1891);
Calendar of Letters and Papers
Relating to English Affairs of the Reign of Elizabeth, Preserved principally in
the Archives of the Simancas
, 4 vols (London: HMSO, 1892–96); and
Calendar of State Papers Relating to English Affairs Preserved Principally at
Rome in the Vatican Archives and Library
, 2 vols (London: HMSO, 1926).

Scottish chronicles

These, too, must be read with caution, for they were mostly written many years after the events had occurred. 
Collections Relating to the
History of Mary Queen of Scots
, ed. James Anderson, 4 vols (Edinburgh: Mosman and Brown, 1727–28);
Fragments of Scottish History
, ed. John Dalyell (Edinburgh: Constable, 1798);
The Historie and Life of King
James the Sext, Being an Account of Affairs in Scotland from the year 1566 
to the year 1596
, ed. Thomas Thomson (Edinburgh: Bannatyne Club, 1825); and
A Diurnal of Remarkable Occurrents That Have Passed Within
the Country of Scotland Since the Death of King James the Fourth Till the year
1575
, ed. T. Thomson (Edinburgh: Bannatyne Club, 1833
).

Scottish memoirs and histories

Like the chronicles, some of these were written long after the events and need careful analysis. Some also present a biased point of view. 
Historical Memoirs of the Reign of Mary Queen of Scots and a Portion of the
Reign of King James the Sixth by Lord Herries
, ed. R. Pitcairn (Edinburgh: Abbotsford Club, 1836); Richard Bannatyne,
Memoriales of Transactions
in Scotland, 1569–73
, ed. R. Pitcairn (Edinburgh: Bannatyne Club, 1836); David Calderwood,
The True History of the Kirk of Scotland from
the Beginning of the Reformation unto the End of the Reign of King James VI
, ed. T. Thomson, 8 vols (Edinburgh: Woodrow Society, 1843–49); George Buchanan,
The History of Scotland from the Earliest Period to the
Present Time
, ed. J. Aikman, 6 vols (Edinburgh: Blackie, 1855); Claude Nau,
The History of Mary Stewart From the Murder of Riccio until her Flight
into England
, ed. Joseph Stevenson (Edinburgh: William Paterson, 1883); Patrick, third lord Ruthven,
The Death of Rizzi
(Edinburgh: Goldsmid, 1890); Robert Lindesay of Pitscottie,
The Historie and
Cronicles of Scotland from the Slauchter of King James the First to the Ane
Thousand Fyve Hundreith Thrie Scoir Fyftein Zeir
, 3 vols, ed. A.J.G.
MacKay (New York: Johnson Reprint Corporation, 1966); George Barwick, “A Side-Light on the Mystery of Mary Stuart: Pietro Bizari’s Contemporary Account of the Murders of Riccio and Darnley,”
Scottish
History Review
, 21, 1924;
John Knox’s History of the Reformation in
Scotland
, ed. W. Croft Dickinson, 2 vols (Philadelphia, PA: Philosophical Library, 1950);
The Memoirs of Sir James Melville of
Halhill
, ed. Gordon Donaldson (London: Folio Society, 1969); and John Leslie,
A Defence of the Honour of Marie Quene of Scotlande, 1569
(Menston: Scolar Press, 1970).

Poetry

The most important poetry associated with the Scottish queen is: Boscosel de Chastelard,
Effusions of Love from Chatelar to Mary Queen of
Scotland
, trans. Samuel Ireland, 2nd edn (London: Crosby, 1808);
Songs
and Sonnets of Pierre de Ronsard
, ed. Curtis Page (Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 1924);
The Bannatyne Manuscript Written in Tyme of Pest
, 1568, ed. W. Tod Ritchie, 4 vols (Edinburgh: Blackwood, 1928);
The Poems
of Sir Richard Maitland of Lethingtoun, Knight
(New York: A.M.S.
Reprint, 1973); George Buchanan, “Epithalamium upon the Marriage of Mary Queen of Scots to the Dauphin of France, afterwards Francis the Second,”
Renaissance Latin Poetry
, ed. I.D. McFarlane (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1980).

French documents

The most helpful are:
The Marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots, to Francis the
Dauphin of France, MDLVIII
, ed. Bernerd Weber (Greenock: Grian-Aig Press, 1969);
Lettres de Catherine de’ Medici
, ed. H. de la Ferrière-Percy,
et al
., 11 vols (Paris: Imprimerie National, 1880–1943); Pierre de Bourdeille, seigneur de Brantôme,
The Lives of Gallant Ladies
, trans.
Alec Borwn (London: Elek Books, 1961);
The French Wars of Religion:
Selected Documents
, ed. David Potter (New York: St Martin’s Press, 1997);
Lettres du Cardinal Charles de Lorraine (1525–1574)
, ed. Daniel Cuisiat (Geneva: Librairie Droz, 1998). 
George Buchanan, the Casket Letters, and Darnley’s murder The following are documents cited at the inquiry into whether Elizabeth would return the queen of Scots to her realm in 1568. John Hosack,
Mary Queen of Scots and her Accusers
, 2 vols (Edinburgh: Blackwood, 1870–4); T.F. Henderson,
The Casket Letters and Mary
Queen of Scots
, 2nd edn (Edinburgh: Black, 1890); Samuel Cowan,
Mary Queen of Scots, and Who Wrote the Casket Letters?
, 2 vols, 2nd edn (London: Low, Marston 1901
);
Andrew Lang,
The Mystery of Mary
Stuart
(New York: AMS Press, 1970, repr. of 1901); Reginald Mahon,
Mary Queen of Scots: A Study of the Lennox Narrative in the
University Library at Cambridge
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1924
); The Tyrannous Reign of Mary Stewart: George Buchanan’s
Account
, ed. W.A. Gatherer (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1958); and M.H. Armstrong Davison,
The Casket Letters: A Solution to
the Murder of Mary Queen of Scots and the Murder of Lord Darnley
(Washington, DC: University Press of Washington, DC and Community College Press, 1965).