Mayday Over Wichita (22 page)

102
. Ibid., 19.

103
. McGaughey, “Fire from the Sky,” 1.

104
. Ibid., 5.

105
. Ibid.

106
. Ibid.

107
. Ibid., 6.

108
. Cotter,
Jet Tanker Crash
, 31.

109
. Ibid., 34–35.

110
. Wichita Fire Department Official Report, January 16, 1965, Kansas Firefighters' Museum Archives.

111
. James Hudson, “Utility Service Restored,”
Wichita Eagle
, January 17, 1965.

112
.
Topeka Capital Journal
, January 17, 1965; February 14, 1965.

113
. McGaughey, “Fire from the Sky,” 10–11.

114
.
Wichita Eagle
, January 17, 1965, cited 1.5 million gallons of water.

C
HAPTER
6

115
.
Wichita Beacon
, January 19, 1965. Note that the
Beacon
originally cited twenty-five thousand gallons of jet fuel, but the correct amount was approximately thirty-one thousand.

116
. Giulio Douhet,
The Command of the Air
(reprint, Washington, D.C.: Office of Air Force History, 1983).

117
. Ibid., 30.

118
. John Shy “Jomini,” in
Makers of Modern Strategy: From Machiavelli to the Nuclear Age
, edited by Peter Paret (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1986), 182.

119
. Ibid., 182.

120
. Karl Lautenschläger, “Controlling Military Technology,”
Ethics
95, no. 3, Special Issue:
Symposium on Ethics and Nuclear Deterrence
(April 1985),
http://www.jstor.org/stable/2381045
(accessed October 11, 2012), 697.

121
. Walton S. Moody,
Building a Strategic Air Force
(Washington, D.C.: Air Force History and Museums Program, 1996), 65.

122
. Jeremy J. Stone, “Bomber Disarmament,”
World Politics
17, no. 1 (October 1964),
http://www.jstor.org/stable/2009385
(accessed October 11, 2012), 15.

123
. Ibid., 15.

124
. Stephen Budiansky,
Air Power: The Men, Machines, and Ideas that Revolutionized War, from Kitty Hawk to Gulf War II
(New York: Penguin Group, 2004), 354.

125
. Walter J. Boyne,
Beyond the Wild Blue: A History of the United States Air Force, 1947–2007
, 2
^nd
ed. (New York: St. Martin's Press, 2007), 110.

126
. Eugene Rodgers,
Flying High: The Story of Boeing and the Rise of the Jetliner Industry
(New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 1996), 170.

127
. Budiansky,
Air Power
, 354; Richard H. Kohn and Joseph P. Harahan, eds.,
Strategic Air Warfare
, USAF Warrior Studies (Washington, D.C.: Office of Air Force History, 1988), 105.

128
. Boyne,
Beyond the Wild Blue
, 110.

129
. Ibid.

130
. Rodgers,
Flying High
, 170.

131
. On this first flight of the Dash 80, however, Johnston couldn't raise the landing gear or flaps after takeoff because the hydraulic controls on the plane failed to work. The official photo for
Time
magazine was taken looking down on the Dash 80 in order to avoid this embarrassment. See Rodgers,
Flying High
, 171–72.

132
. Rodgers,
Flying High
, 175.

133
. Bill Gilbert,
Air Power: Heroes and Heroism in American Flight Missions, 1916 to Today
(New York: Citadel Press, 2003), 251; Boeing,
Defense, Space and Security: KC-135 Stratotanker
,
http://www.boeing.com/defense-space/military/kc135-strat/index.html
(accessed January 12, 2012); American Aviation Historical Society, Boeing KC-135 Celebrates Fifty Years of Service, September 8, 2006,
http://www.aahs-online.org/articles/KC-135_turns_50.php
(accessed January 12, 2012).

134
. Steven L. Rearden, “U.S. Strategic Bombardment Doctrine Since 1945,” in
Case Studies in Strategic Bombardment
, edited by R. Cargill Hall (Washington, D.C.: Air Force History and Museums Program, 1988), 405, italics mine.

135
. Boyne,
Beyond the Wild Blue
, 110.

136
. Boeing,
Defense, Space and Security
.

137
. Rodgers,
Flying High
, 198.

138
. Larsen,
Heritage and Legacy
, 22.

C
HAPTER
7

139
. Frank Garofalo, “Two Fliers Tell Vivid Crash Stories,”
Wichita Beacon
, January 16, 1965.

140
. Colonel James Trask Interview,
Wichita Eagle and Beacon
, January 16, 1985.

141
. Dale Daugherty, “Explosion Fire Raze 15 Homes,”
Wichita Eagle and Beacon
, January 17, 1965.

142
. “Crash Investigation Started In Minutes,”
Wichita Beacon
, January 19, 1965.

143
. Garofalo, “Two Fliers.”

144
. Rick Colella, “Overweight Landing? Fuel Jettison? What to Consider,”
Aero Magazine
(3
^rd
Quarter 2007),
http://www.boeing.com/commercial/aeromagazine/articles/qtr_3_07/AERO_Q307_article3.pdf
(accessed June 3, 2012).

145
. Cotter,
Jet Tanker Crash
, 7.

146
. General Murray M. Bywater, interview with
KAKE News
, January 17, 1965, FO907, Special Collections, Ablah Library, Wichita State University.

147
. Garofalo, “Two Fliers.”

148
. Ibid.

149
. Testimony of Colonel Tom Murphy, Director of Safety for the 2
^nd
Air Force,
Kansas City Star
, January 17, 1965.

150
.
Wichita Eagle
, January 17, 1965.

151
. Garofalo, “Two Fliers.”

152
.
Wichita Beacon
, January 16, 1965.

153
. Ibid.

154
.
Kansas City Star
, January 17, 1965.

155
.
Capital Journal
, January 17, 1965.

156
. Technical Sergeant Jason Schaap, “Air Force Pulls Parachutes from KC-135s,” March 4, 2008,
http://www.afrc.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123087912
(accessed July 23, 2012).

157
.
Topeka Capital Journal
, January 17, 1965.

158
. Flight Safety Foundation, Accident Description,
http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19680730-0
(accessed July 23, 2012).

159
. Joseph Heywood,
Covered Waters: Tempests of a Nomadic Trouter
(Guilford, CT: Lyons Press, 2003), 45. At the time of Heywood's writing in 1970 the KC-135 had been in service for thirteen years.

160
.
Air Force Report
, Vol. II, Exhibit X, in Cotter,
Jet Tanker Crash
, 11.

C
HAPTER
8

161
.
Wichita Eagle and Beacon
, “Time Can't Erase Bad Memories,” January 16, 1985.

162
. John Husar, “Rush of Terror Greets Reporter,”
Wichita Eagle and Beacon
, January 17, 1965.

163
.
Topeka Capital Journal
, “Asked to Move,” January 17, 1965.

164
.
Wichita Eagle
, January 15, 1995.

165
. Deputy Chief Robert Simpson interview in Cotter,
Jet Tanker Crash
, 27.

166
. Captain Raymond L. Wert interview in Cotter,
Jet Tanker Crash
, 76.

167
. Captain Lawrence Black interview in Cotter,
Jet Tanker Crash
, 25; Simpson, Wert and Black interviews are on audio recordings at the Disaster Research Center, University of Delaware.

168
.
Topeka Capital Journal
, January 17, 1965.

169
. Captain Lawrence Black interview in Cotter,
Jet Tanker Crash
, 24.

170
. Tanner interview.

171
.
Topeka Capital Journal
, January 17, 1965.

172
. John Husar article,
Wichita Eagle and Beacon
, January 16, 1985.

173
. Ibid.

174
. Ibid.

175
. Cotter,
Jet Tanker Crash
, 37.

176
. Forrest Hintz, “2 Agencies Give Ample Relief Goods,”
Wichita Eagle and Beacon
, January 17, 1965.

177
. Ibid.

178
. Captain Raymond Wert of the Salvation Army, quoted in Cotter,
Jet Tanker Crash
, 79–80.

179
. Husar article.

180
. Ibid.

181
. McGaughey, “Fire from the Sky,” 4.

182
. Connie Close article,
Wichita Eagle and Beacon
, January 16, 1985.

C
HAPTER
9

183
. Interview with Rev. Joseph E. Mason, quoted in
Jet Tanker Crash
, 100.

184
.
Wichita Eagle, Kansas City Star
and
Topeka Capital Journal
, January 17, 1965.

185
.
Wichita Eagle
, “Probers Start Work,” January 18, 1965.

186
.
Wichita Eagle
, “Air Force Probes Crash Site Debris,” January 18, 1965.

187
.
Wichita Eagle
, “Loss At Jet Crash Scene Estimated At 3.5 Million,” January 24, 1965.

188
.
Wichita Eagle
, “Air Force Probes Crash Site Debris,” January 18, 1965.

189
.
Wichita Eagle
, “Air Force Delve for Cause of Crash,” January 19, 1965.

190
. Richard Jackson interview with Leonard Wesley and Frank Carpenter on May 5, 1965, quoted in Cotter,
Jet Tanker Crash
, 107.

191
. Lester Rosen to Cornelius P. Cotter, November 15, 1965, MS7701, Box 9, Garner Shriver Papers, Special Collections, Ablah Library, Wichita State University.

192
. Arnold L. Parr, “A Brief View of the Adequacy and Inadequacy of Disaster Plans and Preparations in Ten Community Crises” (Ohio State University, Department of Sociology, June 1969), Disaster Research Center, 5.

193
.
Wichita Eagle
, “Memories of Air Tragedy Recounted,” January 16, 1967.

194
.
Wichita Eagle and Beacon
, “Life Goes on Bravely in Plane Crash Area,” January 17, 1965.

195
. Ibid.

196
.
Wichita Eagle
, “Rescue Units Draw Praise,” January 18, 1965.

197
. Ibid.

198
.
Wichita Eagle and Beacon
, “Life Goes on Bravely”; Garofalo, “Two Fliers.”

199
. Ibid.

200
.
Wichita Eagle
, “Promise of Finished Homes Given to Displaced Persons,” January 18, 1965.

201
.
Wichita Eagle and Beacon
, “Life Goes On Bravely”; Garofalo, “Two Fliers.”

202
.
Topeka Capital Journal
, “Homes Opened,” January 17, 1965.

203
. Forrest Hintz, “2 Agencies Give Ample Relief Goods,”
Wichita Eagle and Beacon
, January 17, 1965.

204
.
Wichita Eagle and Beacon
, “Life Goes on Bravely”; Garofalo, “Two Fliers.”

205
.
Wichita Eagle
, “Rescue Units Draw Praise,” January 18, 1965.

C
HAPTER
10

206
.
Wichita Beacon
, “Fair Housing law needed,” July 8, 1967.

207
.
Wichita Beacon
, “Two Groups Have Common Goal but Differ,” July 14, 1967.

208
. “A Survey of the Visual Character and Design Principles for Building in the College Hill Neighborhood,”
Design in the College Hill Neighborhood
, September 1998, prepared by Winter & Company, Boulder, Colorado, Special Collections, Ablah Library, Wichita State University.

209
. Rebecca White, “College Hill History Part of Wichita's Struggle for National Status,” interview with Jeff Roth,
KWCH News
, August 2, 2012,
http://articles.kwch.com/2012-08-02/college-hill_33005802
(accessed October 3, 2012).

210
.
Wichita Eagle
, “Air Force Delve for Cause of Crash,” January 19, 1965.

211
.
Wichita Eagle and Beacon
, “Destruction Stunned City,” January 16, 1985.

212
. Carpenter and Wesley, “Community Response,” 27–28.

213
. Ibid.

214
. Ibid., 30.

215
. Ibid., 29.

216
. Ibid., 33.

217
. Cotter,
Jet Tanker Crash
, 68–70.

218
. Carpenter and Wesley, “Community Response,” 20.

219
. James E. Garmon interview in Cotter,
Jet Tanker Crash
, 105.

220
. Carpenter and Wesley, “Community Response,” 34.

221
. Ibid., 57.

222
. Cotter,
Jet Tanker Crash
, 71.

223
. Carpenter and Wesley, “Community Response,” 30.

C
HAPTER
11

224
. John F. Kennedy, Radio and Television Report to the American People on Civil Rights, June 11, 1963, John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum,
http://www.jfklibrary.org/Asset-Viewer/Archives/JFKWHA-194-001.aspx
(accessed June 3, 2012).

225
. Robert A. Caro,
The Years of Lyndon Johnson: The Passage of Power
(New York: Alfred A. Knoft, 2012), 8. Caro also noted that although Andrew Johnson, a southerner from Tennessee, completed Abraham Lincoln's term, he was not elected. Maurice Isserman and Michael Kazin,
America Divided: The Civil War of the 1960s
(New York: Oxford University Press, 2000), 111.