Monsoon: The Indian Ocean and the Future of American Power (57 page)

23.
Moorhouse,
Calcutta
, pp. 25–26.

24.
Macaulay,
Essay on Lord Clive
, p. 39.

25.
Ibid., p. 40.

26.
Ibid., p. 41.

27.
Macaulay,
Essay on Lord Clive
, p. 43.

28.
Ibid., p. 44.

29.
Ibid., p. 45.

30.
Ibid., pp. 45–46.

31.
Keay,
Honourable Company
, p. 315.

32.
Ibid., p. 51.

33.
Macaulay,
Essay on Lord Clive
, pp. 59–60.

34.
Ibid., p. 61.

35.
Macaulay,
Essay on Lord Clive
, p. 97.

36.
Harvey,
Clive
, pp. 375–76.

37.
Nick Robins,
The Corporation That Changed the World: How the East India
Company Shaped the Modern Multinational
(Hyderabad, India: Orient Longman, 2006), p. 168.

38.
Ibid., p. 103.

1.
David Gilmour,
Curzon: Imperial Statesman
(New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1994), p. 181.

2.
C. Raja Mohan,
Crossing the Rubicon: The Shaping of India’s New Foreign Policy
(New York: Penguin, 2003), p. 204.

3.
Ibid.

4.
George Friedman, “The Geopolitics of India: A Shifting, Self-Contained World,” Stratfor, December 2008.

5.
Shashi Tharoor,
Nehru: The Invention of India
(New York: Arcade, 2003), p. 185.

6.
Simon and Rupert Winchester,
Calcutta
(Oakland, CA: Lonely Planet, 2004), p. 78.

7.
Amartya Sen, “Tagore and His India,”
New York Review of Books
, June 26, 1997.

8.
Rabindranath Tagore, “Passing Time in the Rain,” in his
Selected Short Stories
, trans. William Radice (New Delhi: Penguin, 1991), appendix.

9.
See the story “Little Master’s Return” and the translator’s introduction in ibid.

10.
Samuel Huntington, “The Clash of Civilizations?,”
Foreign Affairs
, Summer 1993.

11.
Quoted in Sen, “Tagore and His India.”

12.
See the letters, Appendix B, in Tagore’s
Selected Stories
.

13.
Sugata Bose,
A Hundred Horizons: The Indian Ocean in the Age of Global Empire
(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2006), p. 235.

14.
Ibid., p. 261.

15.
Reprinted from Rabindranath Tagore,
Particles, Jottings, Sparks: The Collected Brief Poems
, trans. William Radice, (London: Angel Books, 2001). See, too, Bose’s footnote, p. 312, and Chapter Seven, on Tagore, near the end of
A Hundred Horizons.

1.
B. Raman, “Hambantota and Gwadar—an Update,” Institute for Topical Studies, Chennai, India, 2009.

2.
For a report on China’s soft power, see Joshua Kurlantzick’s
Charm Offensive: How China’s Soft Power Is Transforming the World
(New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2007).

3.
George F. Hourani,
Arab Seafaring in the Indian Ocean in Ancient and Early Medieval Times
(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1951), p. 40.

4.
Richard Hall,
Empires of the Monsoon: A History of the Indian Ocean and Its Invaders
(London: HarperCollins, 1996), pp. 80 and 92.

5.
Sudha Ramachandran, “China Moves into India’s Backyard,”
Asia Times
, Mar. 13, 2007; Bethany Danyluk, Juli A. MacDonald, and Ryan Tuggle, “Energy Futures in Asia: Perspectives on India’s Energy Security Strategy and Policies,” Booz Allen Hamilton, 2007.

6.
Harsh V. Pant, “End Game in Sri Lanka,”
Jakarta Post
, Feb. 25, 2009.

7.
Jeremy Page, “Chinese Billions in Sri Lanka Fund Battle Against Tamil Tigers,”
The Times
(London), May 2, 2009.

8.
Non-American media outlets such as the BBC and Al Jazeera have covered Sri Lanka in greater depth.

9.
K. M. de Silva,
Reaping the Whirlwind: Ethnic Conflict, Ethnic Politics in Sri Lanka
(New Delhi: Penguin, 1998), p. 8.

10.
Ibid., pp. 19, 82.

11.
John Richardson,
Paradise Poisoned: Learning About Conflict, Terrorism and Development from Sri Lanka’s Civil Wars
(Kandy, Sri Lanka: International Centre for Ethnic Studies, 2005), pp. 24–27; Kingsley M. de Silva,
Managing Ethnic Tensions in Multi-Ethnic Societies
(Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1986), pp. 361–68; Tom Lowenstein,
Treasures of the Buddha: The Glories of Sacred Asia
(London: Duncan Baird, 2006), pp. 62–66.

12.
Much of the background on the Sinhalese-Tamil conflict comes from Richardson’s neutral and exhaustive book, as well as from de Silva’s equally comprehensive
Reaping the Whirlwind
.

13.
Narayan Swamy,
Tigers of Lanka: From Boys to Guerrillas
(New Delhi: Konark, 1994), pp. 40–92; Mary Anne Weaver, “The Gods and the Stars,”
New Yorker
, Mar. 21, 1988; Richardson,
Paradise Poisoned
, pp. 351–52, 479–80.

14.
Michael Radu, “How to Kill Civilians in the Name of ‘Human Rights’: Lessons from Sri Lanka,” E-Note, Forein Policy Research Institute,
fpri.org
, February 2009.

15.
Ibid.

16.
Jakub J. Grygiel, “The Power of Statelessness,”
Policy Review
, April/May 2009.

17.
Al Jazeera, May 20, 2009.

18.
Emily Wax, “Editor’s Killing Underscores Perils of Reporting in Sri Lanka,”
Washington Post
, Jan. 15, 2009.

19.
Samuel P. Huntington,
Political Order in Changing Societies
(New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1968), p. 7.

20.
Interview with Pat Garrett, senior associate, Booz Allen Hamilton.

1.
Washington Post
, editorial, Aug. 30, 2007.

2.
Norman Lewis,
Golden Earth: Travels in Burma
(1952; reprint, London: Eland, 2003), pp. 137–38, 151, 205.

3.
Dana Dillon and John J. Tkacik Jr., “China’s Quest for Asia,”
Policy Review
, December 2005/January 2006.

4.
Joshua Kurlantzik, “The Survivalists: How Burma’s Junta Hangs On,”
New Republic
, June 11, 2008.

5.
Greg Sheridan, “East Meets West,”
National Interest
, November/December 2006.

6.
Thant Myint-U,
The River of Lost Footsteps: A Personal History of Burma
(New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2006), p. 41.

7.
Ibid., pp. 47, 59.

8.
Pankaj Mishra, “The Revolt of the Monks,”
New York Review of Books
, Feb. 14, 2008.

9.
Martin Smith,
Burma: Insurgency and the Politics of Ethnicity
(London: Zed, 1991), ch. 2.

10.
Ibid.

11.
Thant Myint-U,
River of Lost Footsteps
, p. 162.

12.
In
The Glass Palace
(New York: Random House, 2000), Amitav Ghosh provides a rich, novelistic study of this historical rupture.

13.
Mishra, “Revolt of the Monks.”

14.
Brigadier Bernard Fergusson,
The Wild Green Earth
(London: Collins, 1946).

15.
Washington Post
, Aug. 30, 2007.

16.
Mishra, “Revolt of the Monks.”

17.
James Fallows, “Evil in Burma,”
TheAtlantic.com
, May 11, 2008.

1.
Robert D. Kaplan,
Hog Pilots, Blue Water Grunts: The American Military in the Air, at Sea, and on the Ground
(New York: Random House, 2007), ch. 3.

2.
Simon Winchester,
Krakatoa: The Day the World Exploded; August 27, 1883
(New York: HarperCollins, 2003), pp. 40–41, 320–21.

3.
Ibid., p. 326.

4.
M. C. Ricklefs,
A History of Modern Indonesia Since C. 1200
(Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1981), p. 10.

5.
Clifford Geertz,
Islam Observed: Religious Development in Morocco and Indonesia
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1968), pp. 11–12, 16, 66. Fabian is a reference to the British movement of a century ago that sought social democracy and liberal reform through a gradual, nonrevolutionary approach.

6.
Giora Eliraz,
Islam in Indonesia: Modernism, Radicalism, and the Middle East Dimension
(Brighton, Eng.: Sussex, 2004), p. 74.

7.
V. S. Naipaul,
Among the Believers: An Islamic Journey
(New York: Penguin, 1981), pp. 304, 331.

8.
John Hughes,
The End of Sukarno: A Coup That Misfired; a Purge That Ran Wild
(Singapore: Archipelago, 1967, 2002), pp. 166–69.

9.
Geertz,
Islam Observed
, p. 65.

10.
Eliraz,
Islam in Indonesia
, pp. 42–43; Winchester,
Krakatoa
, pp. 333–34.

11.
Malcolm H. Kerr,
Islamic Reform: The Political and Legal Theories of Muhammad Abduh and Rashid Rida
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1966), p. 15.

12.
Geertz,
Islam Observed
, p. 17.

13.
Eliraz,
Islam in Indonesia
, pp. 6–8, 14, 20.

14.
Ibid., p. 31.

15.
Geertz,
Islam Observed
, pp. 61–62.

16.
Andrew MacIntyre and Douglas E. Ramage, “Seeing Indonesia as a Normal Country,” Australian Strategic Policy Institute, Barton, 2008.

17.
Told to the scholar Robert W. Hefner, in Eliraz,
Islam in Indonesia
, p. 67.

1.
Juli A. MacDonald, Amy Donahue, and Bethany Danyluk, “Energy Futures in Asia: Final Report,” Booz Allen Hamilton, November 2004.

2.
I profiled Singapore in my previous book,
Hog Pilots, Blue Water Grunts: The American Military in the Air, at Sea, and on the Ground
(New York: Random House, 2007), ch. 3.

3.
Mohan Malik, “Energy Flows and Maritime Rivalries in the Indian Ocean Region” (Honolulu: Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies, 2008).

4.
Ian W. Porter, “The Indian Ocean Rim,”
African Security Review
, vol. 6, no. 6 (1997). Mentioned by Malik.