Morgoth's Ring (13 page)

This text has 'Orome and Tulkas were the youngest in the thought of Eru' where AAm has 'younger'.

$3 There is a strange mixture of present and past tenses in this passage: thus 'Vana the fair is the wife of Orome', 'Vaire the Weaver dwells with Mandos', but 'No spouse had Ulmo, nor Melkor', 'No lord had Nienna', 'the wife of Lorien was Este the Pale'. On this question see pp. 204-5.

It is not now said that Vana (marked Vana at the first occurrence but not subsequently) was the sister of Yavanna (see p. 59).

As typed, the passage beginning 'No lord had Nienna' (spelt thus, not Nienna, at all occurrences in AAm*) ran thus: No lord had Nienna, queen of Shadow, Manwe's sister. The wife of Tulkas was Nessa the Young; and the wife of Lorien was Este the Pale. These do not sit in the councils of the Valar but are the highest among the Maiar.

In AAm it is said of Este alone that 'she goes not to the councils of the Valar', and her name does not appear in the list of the queens of the Valar: she is 'the chief of the Maiar'. In the present text, despite the exclusion of Nessa also from the councils, and the statement that she and Este 'are the highest among the Maiar', her name still stands in the list of the queens. Contemporary emendations to the typescript produced this remarkable change:

No lord had Nienna, Manwe's sister; nor Nessa the Ever-maid. The wife of Tulkas was Lea the Young; and the wife of Lorien was Este the Pale...

The text then continues as before, so that the two who do not sit in the councils of the Valar and are 'the highest among the Maiar' become Lea and Este. There is no trace of this development in any other text, but Lea appears again in AAm* as the text was typed (see under $18 below).

$4 This paragraph was substantially extended:

With these great powers came many other spirits of the same kind, begotten in the thought of Eru before the making of Ea, but having less might and authority. These are the Maiar, the people of the Valar; they are beautiful, but their number is not known and few have names among Elves or Men.

There are also those whom we call the Valarindi, who are the Children of the Valar, begotten of their love after their entry into Ea. They are the elder children of the World; and though their being began within Ea, yet they are of the race of the Ainur, who were before the world, and they have power and rank below that of the Valar only.

$12 At the end of this paragraph AAm* adds: 'So passed many years of the Valar in strife.'

$14 The date V.Y.1900 of the setting up of the Lamps is omitted in AAm*.

$15 AAm* retains the words of AAm, 'and there was great growth of trees and herbs, and beasts and birds came forth ...' See the commentary on this passage, p. 60: the reference to the appearance of birds and flowers at this time was removed from Ainulindale' D by what looks to be a fairly early change in the text, and there is in this a suggestion that the two versions of the opening of the Annals of Aman belong fairly closely together (see p. 64).

$17 This paragraph underwent several modifications: Now Melkor knew all that was done; for even then he had secret friends among the Maiar, whom he had converted to his cause, whether in the first playing of the Ainulindale or afterwards in Ea. Of these the chief, as afterwards became known, was Sauron, a great craftsman of the household of Aule. Thus far off in the dark places of Ea, to which he had retreated, Melkor was filled with new hatred, being jealous of the work of his peers, whom he desired to make subject to himself. Therefore he had gathered to himself spirits out of the voids of Ea who served him, until he deemed that he was strong; and seeing now his time he drew near to Arda again; and he looked down upon it, and the beauty of the Earth in its Spring filled him with wonder, but because it was not his, he resolved to destroy it.

$18 Here Tulkas' wife Lea the Young appears again, in the text as typed and not by emendation (see under $3 above), named now Lea-vinya ('Lea the Young'):

It is told that in that feast of the Spring of Arda Tulkas espoused Lea-vinya, fairest of the maidens of Yavanna, and Vana robed her in flowers that came then first to their opening; and she danced before the Valar...

On the reference to the first flowers see under $15 above.

$19 AAm* has 'the Walls of Night' for 'the Walls of the Night', and again in $23.

$20 Now Melkor began the delving and building of a vast fortress deep under the Earth, [struck out: beneath the roots of] far from the light of Illuin; and he raised great mountains above his halls. That stronghold was after called Utumno the Deep-hidden; and though the Valar for a long time knew nothing of it...

In AAm Utumno was delved 'beneath dark mountains'; the new text, in which Melkor raised mountains above it (as Thangorodrim above Angband), arose in the act of typing.

$21 Where AAm has 'And he assailed the lights of Illuin and Ormal'

AAm* has:

He came down like a black storm from the North, and he assailed the lights of Illuin and Ormal.

$22 The conclusion of this paragraph in AAm, 'who were yet to come in a time that was hidden from the Valar', is omitted in AAm*.

$23 The word 'gods' was removed in AAm* at both occurrences: at the beginning of the paragraph 'the gods had no abiding place'

becomes 'they had', and near the end 'for the gods dwelt there'

becomes 'for the Servants of Iluvatar dwelt there'.

The Land of Aman was 'upon the borders of the ancient world' (i.e. the world before the Cataclysm); 'upon the borders of the world' AAm. The passage concerning Taniquetil was changed to read thus:

But above all the mountains of the Pelori was that height which was named Taniquetil Oiolosse, the gleaming peak of Everwhite, upon whose summit Manwe set his throne, before the doors of the domed halls of Varda.

$25 In AAm it is said that 'the Valar built their city'; AAm* has:

... in the midst of the plain west of the Pelori Aule and his people built for them a fair city. That city they named Valimar the Blessed.

This reappears from the Lost Tales; cf. 1.77: 'Now have I recounted the manner of the dwellings of all the great Gods which Aule of his craftsmanship raised in Valinor.' - This is the first occurrence of the form Valimar (again in $$26, 28 of this text).

$26 After the words 'But Nienna sat silent in thought, and her tears fell upon the mould' there is a footnote in the new version: For it is said that even in the Music Nienna took little part, but listened intent to all that she heard. Therefore she was rich in memory, and farsighted, perceiving how the themes should unfold in the Tale of Arda. But she had little mirth, and all her love was mingled with pity, grieving for the harms of the world and for the things that failed of fulfilment. So great was her ruth, it is said, that she could not endure to the end of the Music. Therefore she has not the hope of Manwe. He is more farseeing; but Pity is the heart of Nienna.

On this passage see p. 388 and note 2. The statement here that Nienna 'could not endure to the end of the Music', and that

'therefore she has not the hope of Manwe', is very striking; but it is not said in what Manwe's hope lies. It may possibly be relevant to recall the pengolod footnote to Ainulindale' D, $19

(p. 31):

And some have said that the Vision ceased ere the fulfilment of the Dominion of Men and the fading of the Firstborn; wherefore, though the Music is over all, the Valar have not seen as with sight the Later Ages or the ending of the World.

$28 For 'hoarded in mighty vats' AAm* has 'hoarded in deep pools'.

*

It remains to consider the very, few emendations made to the amanuensis typescript of AAm in this opening section, and those (almost entirely different) made to the carbon copy. These changes were hasty, and casual, in no sense a real revision of the work. They were made at some later time which I am unable to define; but they have the effect of bringing the opening of AAm into agreement with the latest form of the other tradition, proceeding from QS chapter 1

'Of the Valar' and ultimately issuing in the short independent work Valaquenta.

On the top copy of the typescript not only was the section on the Reckoning of Time struck through (see p. 64) but also the compressed account of the Valar at the beginning: a note on the covering page of the text directs that the Annals are to start at the First Year of the Valar in Arda ($11 in this book). But pencilled changes had been made to $$1-4 before this:

$1 'nine chieftains' > 'seven chieftains'; Osse and Melkor were struck from the list. On the removal of Osse see p. 91, $70.

$2 The word 'also' added in 'The queens of the Valar are also seven'; Este added, and Uinen removed, so that the list becomes

'Varda, Yavanna, Nienna, Este, Vaire, Vana, and Nessa'.

$3 'Varda was Manwe's spouse from the beginning' > 'Varda was Manwe's spouse from the beginning of Arda'

'and Uinen, lady of the seas, is the spouse of Osse' was struck out (a consequence simply of Osse's being no longer numbered among the 'chieftains').

'Manwe's sister and Melkor's' (of Nienna) was struck out.

'but she goes not to the councils of the Valar and is not accounted among the rulers of Arda, but is the chief of the Maiar' (of Este) was struck out (a consequence of Este's now being included in the 'queens').

$4 'And with them are numbered also the Valarindi ...' to the end of the paragraph was struck out (see below).

$28 'mighty vats' > 'shining wells' (cf. the change made in AAm*, p. 68).

Quite distinct changes were made on the carbon copy in this section on the Valar. In $3 'the wife of Orome' and 'Tulkas' wife' were changed to the spouse of Orome and Tulkas spouse,. No lord hath Nienna' was changed to 'No companion hath Nienna'; and in the margin against these changes my father wrote:

Note that 'spouse' meant only an 'association'. The Valar had no bodies, but could assume shapes. After the coming of the Eldar they most often used shapes of 'human' form, though taller (not gigantic) and more magnificent.

At the same time the passage concerning the Valarindi, the Children of the Valar, at the end of $4 was struck out (as it was also on the top copy), since this note is a most definitive statement that any such conception was out of the question.

A few other pencillings were made at subsequent points in the carbon copy:

$20 Against Utumno is pencilled: 'Utupnu V TUI? cover over, hide'; with this cf. AAm* $20 (p. 67): 'that stronghold was after called Utumno the Deep-hidden', and see the Etymologies (V.394), stem TUB, where the original form of the name is given as

* Utubnu.

$23 Where the word 'gods' was replaced by 'the Servants of Iluvatar'

in AAm* (p. 67) my father corrected it on the carbon copy of the typescript to 'the Deathless'. At the occurrence of 'gods' at the beginning of the paragraph he made the same change (to

'they') as in AAm*.

$25 After 'a green mound' is added Ezellohar; and in $26 Ezellohar replaces 'that Green Mound'.

Second section of the Annals of Aman.

Here begins a new Reckoning in the Light of the Trees.

1*

$30 For one thousand years of the Trees the Valar dwelt in bliss in Valinor beyond the Mountains of Aman, and all Middle-earth lay in a twilight under the stars. Thither the Valar seldom came, save only Yavanna and Orome; and Yavanna often would walk there in the shadows, grieving because all the growth and promise of the Spring of Arda was checked. And she set a sleep upon many fair things that had arisen in the Spring, both tree and herb and beast and bird, so that they should not age but should wait for a time of awakening that yet should he.

But Melkor dwelt in Utumno, and he slept not, but watched, and laboured; and the evil things that he had perverted walked abroad, and the dark and slumbering woods were haunted by monsters and shapes of dread. And in Utumno he wrought the race of demons whom the Elves after named the Balrogs. But these came not yet from the gates of Utumno, because of the watchfulness of Orome.

$31 Now Orome dearly loved all the works of Yavanna, and he was ever ready to her bidding. And for this reason, and because he desired at whiles to ride in forests greater and wider than the friths of Valinor, he would often come also to Middle-earth, and there go a-hunting under the stars. Then his white horse, Nahar, shone like silver in the shadows; and the sleeping earth trembled at the beat of his golden hooves. And Orome would blow his mighty horn, whereat the mountains shook, and things of evil fled away; but Melkor quailed in Utumno and dared not venture forth. For it is said that even as his malice grew, and the strength of his hatred, so the heart of Melkor failed; and with all his knowledge and his might and his many servants he became craven, giving battle only to those of little strength, tormenting the weak, and trusting ever to his slaves and creatures to do his evil work. Yet ever his dominion spread southward over Middle-earth, for even as Orome passed the servants of Melkor would gather again; and the Earth was full of shadows and deceit.

(* Pencilled beside '1' is 'YT' (Year of the Trees), and also 'YV 3501' (i.e.