Mr Balfour's Poodle (33 page)

n
Annual Register
for 1911, p. 145.

o
ibid., p. 151.

a
Spender and Asquith:
Life of Lord Oxford and Asquith
, vol. I, p. 310.

b
Nicolson:
King George V
, pp. 152–3.

c
Ronaldshay:
The Life of Lord Curzon
, vol. III, p. 56.

d
Nicolson,
op. cit
., p. 152.

e
Dugdale:
Arthur James Balfour
, vol. II, p. 48.

f
Wilson-Fox:
Earl of Halsbury
, p. 232.

g
Newton:
Lord Lansdowne
, p. 419.

h
Wilson-Fox,
op. cit
., pp. 234–5.

i
Quoted in Spender and Asquith,
op. cit
., vol. I, pp. 312–13.

j
Newton,
op. cit
., pp. 422–3.

k
ibid., p. 423.

l
Biggs-Davison:
George Wyndham
, p. 208.

m
Quoted in Dugdale,
op. cit
., vol. II, pp. 50–1.

n
Wilson-Fox,
op. cit
., pp. 245–6.

o
Newton,
op. cit
., p. 425.

p
ibid., p. 426.

q
Petrie:
Life and Letters of Sir Austen Chamberlain
, vol. I, p. 283.

r
Ronaldshay,
op. cit
., vol. III, p. 57.

s
Margot Asquith:
Autobiography
, vol. I, p. 148.

t
Parliamentary Debates, Commons
, Fifth Series, vol. 28, cols. 1482, 1483.

u
Wilson-Fox,
op. cit
., p. 244.

v
Nicolson,
op. cit
., p. 153.

w
Blunt:
My Diaries 1888–1914
, pp. 770–1.

x
Wilson-Fox,
op. cit
., p. 235.

y
Parliamentary Debates, Lords
, Fifth Series, vol. 9, col. 888.

z
Wilson-Fox,
op. cit
., p. 250.

aa
Quoted in Petrie,
op. cit
., vol. I, p. 279.

bb
ibid., vol. I, p. 281.

cc
Wilson-Fox,
op. cit
., p. 258.

dd
Dugdale,
op. cit
., vol. II, p. 61.

a
Wilson-Fox:
Earl of Halsbury
, pp. 266–7.

b
Parliamentary Debates, Commons
, Fifth Series, vol. 29, col. 817.

c
Fitzroy:
Memoirs
, vol. II, pp. 457–8.

d
Parliamentary Debates, Lords
, Fifth Series, vol. 9, col. 836.

e
Spender and Asquith:
Life of Lord Oxford and Asquith
, vol. I, p. 323.

f
Wilson-Fox,
op. cit
., pp. 258–9.

g
Parliamentary Debates, Commons
, Fifth Series, vol. 29, col. 981.

h
Spender and Asquith,
op. cit
., vol. I, pp. 326–7.

i
Fitzroy,
op. cit
., vol. II, pp. 458–9.

j
Parliamentary Debates, Lords
, Fifth Series, vol. 9, col. 934.

k
ibid., Fifth Series, vol. 9, col. 950.

l
Nicolson:
King George V
, p. 154.

m
Morley:
Recollections
, vol. II, p. 351.

n
Parliamentary Debates, Lords
, Fifth Series, vol. 9, col. 1000

o
ibid., Fifth Series, vol. 9, cols. 1037–8.

p
Wilson-Fox,
op. cit
., p. 275.

q
Parliamentary Debates, Lords
, Fifth Series, vol. 9, col. 1062.

r
ibid., Fifth Series, vol. 9, col. 1070.

s
Margot Asquith:
Autobiography
, vol. II, p. 154.

t
Quoted by Nicolson,
op. cit
., p. 135.

u
Esher:
Letters and Journals
, vol. III, p. 57.

a
Spender and Asquith:
Life of Lord Oxford and Asquith
, vol. I, p. 351.

b
Ullswater:
A Speaker's Commentary
, vol. II, p. 103.

c
Jennings:
Parliament
, p. 402.

d
Cmd. 7380, p. 3.

¹
1838–1922. Later 1st Viscount Bryce of Dechmont. Liberal member for Tower Hamlets, 1880–85, and for Aberdeen, South, 1885–1907. Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, 1892–94. President of the Board of Trade, 1894–95. Chief Secretary for Ireland, 1905–7. H.M. Ambassador in Washington, 1907–13. Historian and Constitutionalist.

²
1850–1933. Liberal member for Fifeshire, West, 1889–1900, and Bristol, North, 1906–18. President of the Board of Education, 1905–7, and Chief Secretary for Ireland, 1907–16. Author and literary critic.

¹
James Bryce as Chief Secretary and the Earl of Aberdeen as Lord Lieutenant.

²
1849–1917. Victor Alexander Bruce, 9th Earl of Elgin and Kincardine. Succeeded to title, 1863. Viceroy of India, 1884–89. Secretary of State for the Colonies, 1905–8.

¹
1846–1923. Liberal member for Hereford, 1880–6, and for Dumfries, 1886–1905. Solicitor-General, 1894. Attorney-General, 1894–95. Lord Chancellor, 1905–12. Created a baron, 1906, and an earl, 1911.

²
1860–1925. Liberal member for Forfarshire, 1897–1909. Created 1st Lord Pentland, 1909.

³
1827–1909. Son of Lord Goderich, later 1st Earl of Ripon, sometime Prime Minister. Member for Hull, 1852–59, when he succeeded to title. Secretary of State for War, 1863, and for India, 1866. Lord President of the Council, 1868–73. Viceroy of India, 1880–84. First Lord of the Admiralty, 1886. Secretary of State for the Colonies, 1892–95. Lord Privy Seal, 1905–8. Created 1st Marquess of Ripon, 1871. Converted to Roman Catholicism, 1873.

⁴
1854–1930. Created 1st Viscount Gladstone, 1910. Youngest son of W. E. Gladstone. Liberal member for Leeds, West, 1880–1910. First Commissioner of Works, 1894–95. Chief Liberal Whip, 1899–1905. Home Secretary, 1905–10. Governor-General of South Africa, 1910–14.

⁵
1858–1943. President of the Local Government Board from 1905 until February, 1914. President of the Board of Trade from February, 1914, until his resignation at the outbreak of war in August, 1914.

⁶
1830–1911. Created 1st Viscount Wolverhampton, 1908. Liberal member for Wolverhampton, East, 1880–1908. President of the Local Government Board, 1892–94. Secretary of State for India, 1894–95. Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, 1905–8.

¹
1858–1945. Robert Ottley Ashburton Crewe-Milnes, 1st Earl of Crewe. Created 1st Marquess, 1911. Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, 1892–95. Lord President of the Council, 1905–8 and 1915–16. Lord Privy Seal, 1908 and 1912–15. Secretary of State for the Colonies, 1908–10. Secretary of State for India, 1910–12. President of the Board of Education, 1916. H.M. Ambassador in Paris, 1922–28.

²
1849–1909. Edward Marjoribanks, 2nd Lord Tweedmouth. Liberal member for Berwick, 1880, until he succeeded to the peerage in 1894. Chief Liberal Whip, 1892–94. Lord Privy Seal, 1894–95. First Lord of the Admiralty, 1905–8. Lord President of the Council, 1908.

³
1843–1928. 2nd Lord Carrington. Succeeded to title, 1868. Created 1st Earl of Carrington, 1895, and 1st Marquess of Lincolnshire, 1912. Liberal member for Wycombe, 1865–68. President of the Board of Agriculture, 1905–11. Lord Privy Seal, 1911–12.

¹
These are exclusive categories, although many members were, for example, both barristers and Fellows of Colleges, or solicitors and businessmen. In these cases they have been classified under what appeared to be their principal occupation.

²
A great number of Conservative members had one foot in each of these two categories. They held a commission for a few years, and then retired to live as country gentlemen. In these cases, a member is not categorised as a ‘service officer' unless he had held a regular commission for ten years or more.

¹
A detailed comparison between the results of 1906 and those of 1945 is given in appendix A.

¹
Six years later this was made one of the counts for his impeachment, a still worse fate than that suffered by the 1st Earl of Oxford of the third Creation.

¹
Its rejection had been moved by the normally Whig Lord Monteagle.

¹
Hartington, whose marquessate was a courtesy title and not a peerage.

¹
The extent to which Liberal Unionism was a revolt of the Whig magnates in defence of the position of the landlord in Ireland and elsewhere (as well as of Birmingham businessmen against Little Englandism) is indicated by the fact that these 124 included no less than seven dukes (as against sixteen Tory dukes and a solitary, but not very inspiring, Liberal representative in the shape of the Duke of Manchester). Liberal Unionism was also popular amongst the episcopate; of eleven bishops who chose to wear party labels, four, including the Archbishop of Canterbury, called themselves Liberal Unionists.

²
1772–1853. Lord Chancellor in Tory Governments between 1827 and 1846.

¹
The 2nd Marquess, 1789–1868.

²
The newly-succeeded 3rd Marquess, 1830–1903, who was later three times Prime Minister.

³
‘Avowedly to regulate that assembly (the House of Lords),' Disraeli wrote to Lord Stanhope, ‘by the prejudices, or convictions, of the University of Oxford, cannot be wise.' (Moneypenny & Buckle,
Disraeli
, vol. v, pp. 124–5.)

¹
Its objects have been described more fully by Asquith as ‘to put an end to the dual system created by the Act of 1902; to secure that every school maintained out of rates and taxes should be under the exclusive management and control of the representative local Authority; to abolish religious tests and the obligation to give denominational teaching, in the case of all teachers appointed by the Authority, and paid out of public funds; to permit “Cowper-Temple” teaching in the “provided” schools; and in the “transferred” schools to give facilities for special denominational instruction, but not by the regular teachers'. (Earl of Oxford:
Fifty Years of Parliament
, vol. II, p. 43.)

¹
Not a markedly moderate selection.

¹
Member for West Ham (North). Later Parliamentary Secretary, Local Government Board, 1908–9. Under-Secretary, Home Office, 1909–12. Financial Secretary to the Treasury, 1912–14, and Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (and a member of the Cabinet), 1914–15. His High Anglican views made him unhappy about the Bill, but, unlike his Roman Catholic colleague Hilaire Belloc, not to the extent of causing him to withhold his vote.

¹
Their interest in the primacy of the Commons was greater than their dislike of the bill.

²
The 8th Duke, who achieved his political fame as Lord Hartington.

³
1838–1906. Formerly C. T. Ritchie, Conservative member for Croydon. President of the Board of Trade, 1895–1900. Home Secretary, 1900–2. Chancellor of the Exchequer, 1902–3.

⁴
1837–1916. Formerly Sir Michael Hicks-Beach. Conservative member for Gloucestershire, East, 1864–85, and Bristol, West, 1885–1905. Chancellor of the Exchequer, 1885–86 and 1895–1902.

⁵
1828–1911. Formerly Sir Henry James. Solicitor-General, 1873. Attorney-General, 1873–74 and 1880–85. Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, 1895–1902.

⁶
Randall Thomas Davidson, 1848–1930. Bishop of Rochester, 1891–95, and of Winchester, 1895–1903, Archbishop of Canterbury, 1903–28. Created 1st Lord Davidson, 1928.

⁷
1847–1911. Frederick Archibald Vaughan Campbell, 3rd Earl of Cawdor. Conservative member for Carmarthenshire, 1874–85. First Lord of the Admiralty, 1905. Chairman of the Great Western Railway.

¹
Lord St. Aldwyn, whose moderation deserted him on this occasion.

¹
1857–1942. Thomas Wodehouse Leigh. 2nd Lord Newton. Conservative member for Newton division of Lancashire, 1880–86. Paymaster-General, 1915–16.

¹
1823–1921. Formerly Sir Hardinge Gifford. Lord Chancellor, 1895–1905. A man who must surely hold the record for rapid changes of electoral fortune. In 1874 he stood for Launceston and received one vote. In 1877 he was elected unopposed for the same constituency.

¹
Augustine Birrell himself described it as a ‘little, modest, shy, humble effort to give administrative powers to the Irish people'.

¹
It was met, and the achievement has only once since been repeated.

²
In the event the English bill escaped largely unscathed, the Irish bill was substantially amended and weakened, and the two Scottish bills were wrecked.

¹
Balfour's attitude was well reflected by his biographer, who summed up this debate with the blandly condescending statement that ‘the Liberal Party were by this time suffering from a sort of “persecution mania” on the subject of the House of Lords'. (
See
Blanche E. C. Dugdale:
Arthur James Balfour
, vol. ii, p. 28.)