Necropolis: London & it's Dead (38 page)

12
See Gough,
Sepulchral Monuments
, Introduction.

13
See Litten quoting Walpole,
loc. cit
., fig. 29.

14
See Curl,
The Victorian Celebration of Death
, pp. 1–3.

15
See Ariès,
Western Attitudes Toward Death from the Middles Ages to the Present
, p. 52.

16
See Young,
Night Thoughts
, lines 160–80.

17
See Blair,
The Grave
, lines 39–42.

18
http://cmpl.ucr.edu/terminals/memento_mori/cemetery.html

19
See Barker,
London As It Might Have Been
, pp. 144–8.

20
See Loudon, Jane,
A Short Account of the Life and Writings of John Claudius Loudon
(reprinted as an appendix in Gloag,
Mr Loudon’s England
), pp. 182–219.

21
See Morley quoting Loudon,
Death, Heaven and the Victorians
, p. 46.

22
ibid
., p. 48.

6:
GATHERINGS FROM GRAVEYARDS: THE DEAD ARE KILLING THE LIVING

1
See Porter,
London, A Social History
, p. 257.

2
Chadwick,
Report on the Sanitary Condition of the Labouring Population of Great Britain
.

3
Punch
, July–December, 1849.

4
‘Let the stones speak, the spire and crypt inspire’,
A History of St Mary’s Church, Islington.
http://www.stmaryislington.org/history/036.html (11/02/05).

5
See Simon,
City Medical Reports
, 1849. http://www.victorianlondon.org/

6
See Holmes,
The London Burial Grounds
, pp. 192–3.

7
See Walker,
Gatherings from Graveyards
, p. 1.

8
ibid
., p. 150.

9
See Gladstone, quoted http://www.somewhatmuchly.co.uk/index.php?cat=Cemeteries (03/08/2004).

10
See Walker,
loc. cit.
, p. 7.

11
The Times
, 25 June 1839.

12
Weekly Despatch
, 30 September 1838.

13
See Miller,
Picturesque Sketches of London Past and Present
, p. 270.

14
See Dickens,
The Uncommercial Traveller
, p. 234.

15
See Dickens,
Bleak House
, p. 266.

16
See Howarth and Jupp, ‘Enon Chapel: No Way for the Dead’,
The Changing Face of Death
, pp. 90–104.

17
See Holmes,
loc. cit
., p. 102.

18
Gilbert v. Buzzard (1820).

19
See Miller,
loc. cit
.

20
See Lewis,
Edwin Chadwick and the Public Health Movement 1832–1854
, p. 205.

21
See Porter,
loc. cit.
, p. 265.

22
ibid
., p. 266.

23
See Curl,
The Victorian Celebration of Death
.

24
See Jupp,
From Dust to Ashes
, p. 9.

25
See Holmes,
loc. cit
., p. 214.

26
Walker quoted in
ibid
.

27
ibid
., pp. 194–7.

28
Weekly Dispatch
, 9 September 1838.

29
See Howarth and Jupp,
loc. cit
., p. 97.

30
See Holmes,
loc. cit
., p. 215.

31
ibid
., pp. 215–6.

32
See Miller,
loc. cit
.

7:
VICTORIAN VALHALLAS: THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GREAT VICTORIAN CEMETERIES

1
Morning Advertiser
, 14 May 1830.

2
See Rugg, ‘A new burial form and its meanings: cemetery establishment in the first half of the 19th century’ in Cox, ed.,
Grave Concerns Death & Burial in England 1700–1850
, p. 44.

3
See Winter, J. in Elliot, ed.,
Highgate Cemetery
.

4
See Betjeman,
A Pictorial History of English Architecture
, p. 81.

5
See Clark,
The Gothic Revival
, p. 126.

6
See Meller,
London Cemeteries: An Illustrated Guide and Gazetteer
, p. 182.

7
See Morley,
Death, Heaven and the Victorians
, p. 47.

8
See Pepper, Edward S.
The Mechanical Catafalque at Kensal Green
http://www.virtualnorwood.com/news/005.html

9
See Meller,
loc. cit
., p. 182.

10
See Brooks,
Mortal Remains
, p. 29.

11
See Blanchard,
Ainsworth’s
magazine, p. 178.

12
See Bartlett,
London By Day and Night
, p. 242.

13
See Shelley,
The Complete Poetical Works
, p. 437.

14
ibid
., p. 437.

15
See Richardson,
Highgate: Its History Since the Fifteenth Century
, p. 46.

16
See Leon, Robert, ‘The Man Who Made King’s Cross–The Misfortunes of Stephen Geary’,
Camden History Review
, vol. 17, pp. 13–16.

17
See Pateman,
In Highgate Cemetery
.

18
See Barker,
Highgate Cemetery: Victorian Valhalla
, p. 15.

19
See Winter,
loc. cit
.

20
See De Quincey,
Confessions of an English Opium-Eater
, p. 73.

21
See Pateman,
loc. cit
, p. 13.

22
See Richardson,
loc. cit
., p. 162.

23
See Barker,
loc. cit
., p. 16.

24
See Woollacott,
Investors in Death
.

25
See Barker,
loc. cit.
, p. 33.

26
See Gaunt,
The Pre-Raphaelite Dream
, pp. 149–50.

27
See Graham Stewart,
Funeral Echoes from Down the Years
,
The Times Online
, 3 December 2005.

28
See Rossetti, Christina, ‘Remember’,
The Oxford Book of English Verse
.

29
See Barker,
loc. cit.
, p. 41.

30
See Richardson,
loc. cit.
, p. 163.

31
See Barker,
loc. cit
., p. 32.

32
See Meller,
loc. cit.
, p. 227.

8:
GREAT GARDENS OF SLEEP

1
See Woollacott,
Investors in Death
.

2
See Bartlett,
London by Day and Night
, p. 244.

3
See Holmes,
The London Burial Grounds
, p. 136.

4
See Brooks,
Mortal Remains
, p. 28.

5
See Meller,
London Cemeteries
, p. 274.

6
See Brooks,
loc. cit
., p. 29.

7
Illustrated London News
, 24 March 1849.

8
See Barker,
London As It Might Have Been
, p. 147.

9
See Robinson,
Cremation and Urn Burial or The Cemeteries of the Future
, p. 34.

10
Illustrated London News
, 25 April 1856.

11
See Clarke,
The Brookwood Necropolis Railway
, p. 13.

12
ibid
., p. 3.

13
See Lewis,
Edwin Chadwick and the Public Health Movement 1832–1854
, pp. 252, 324.

14
See Clarke,
loc. cit.
, p. 39.

15
The Brookwood Necropolis Railway
, pp. 197–8.

16
See Holmes,
loc. cit
., p. 139.

17
ibid
., p. 150.

18
A Plea for the St Pancras Churchyard: being a remonstrance against its proposed desecration by the Midland Railway Company
http://webp1.mimas.ac.uk/~zzaascs/pan-pamph.html (01/08/2005).

19
See Holmes,
loc. cit
., p. 186.

20
ibid
., p. 175.

21
See Meller,
loc. cit
., pp. 250–2.

22
See Mayhew,
The Criminal Prisons of London
.

23
www.royal-arsenal.com

24
See Holmes,
loc. cit
., p. 218.

25
ibid
., p. 219.

26
See
A Plea for the St Pancras Churchyard etc
,
loc. cit
.

27
‘Reburial to Make Way for Rail Link’,
Hampstead and Highgate Express
, 13 December 2004.

28
See Holmes,
loc. cit
., p. 201.

29
See Dickens,
The Uncommercial Traveller
, p. 233.

30
See Holmes,
loc. cit
., p. 237.

31
Illustrated London News
, 23 October 1869.

32
See Holmes,
loc. cit
., p. 227.

33
ibid
., p. 201.

34
ibid
., p. 17.

35
ibid
., p. 236.

36
ibid
., p. 242.

37
ibid
., p. 245.

38
ibid
., p. 276.

39
ibid
., p. 278.

40
ibid
., p. 242.

41
ibid
., pp. 256–7.

42
ibid
., p. 256.

9:
THE PEOPLE WHO INVENTED DEATH: THE VICTORIAN FUNERAL

1
See Raitt,
The Life of Villiers de l’Isle-Adam
, p. 319.

2
See Dickens,
The Old Curiosity Shop
, p. 395.

3
ibid
., p. 540.

4
See Shelley,
The Complete Poetical Works
, p. 1.

5
See Tennyson,
The Complete Works
, p. 412.

6
See Dickens,
loc. cit.
, p. 542.

7
See Morley,
Death, Heaven and the Victorians
, fig. 20.

8
See Gissing,
Diary
, 1 March 1888.

9
See MacDonald and Murphy,
Sleepless Souls: Suicide in Early Modern England
, pp. 44–6.

10
ibid
., pp. 138–9.

11
See Trollope,
The Prime Minister
, p. 194.

12
See Greenwood,
The Wilds of London
, p. 85.

13
See Lewis,
Edwin Chadwick and the Public Health Movement 1832–1854
, p. 73.

14
See
Cassell’s Household Guide
, vol. 3, p. 266.

15
See Lewis,
loc. cit.
, p. 72.

16
See Dickens,
Martin Chuzzlewit
, p. 321.

17
See Dickens,
Oliver Twist
, pp. 25–6.

18
See Morley,
loc. cit
., pp. 30–31.

19
See Puckle,
Funeral Customs
, p. 50.

20
See
Cassell
’s
loc. cit
., vol. 3, p. 292.

21
ibid
.

22
See Gordon,
The Horse World of London
, p. 138.

23
See Litten,
The English Way of Death
, pp. 135–6.

24
See Justyne,
Guide to Highgate
.

25
See Greenwood,
loc. cit.
, pp. 127–33.

26
See Davey,
A History of Mourning
.

27
See Holmes,
The London Burial Grounds
, p. 272.

28
See Litten,
loc. cit
., pp. 47–50.

29
ibid.

10:
THE VALE OF TEARS: THE VICTORIAN CULT OF MOURNING

1
See Davey,
A History of Mourning
.

2
ibid
.

3
ibid
.

4
See Dickens,
David Copperfield
, p. 99.

5
See Puckle,
Funeral Customs,
p. 145.

6
ibid.
, pp. 49–50.

7
See Trollope,
The Prime Minister
, vol. 2, p. 276.

8
ibid
., p. 270.

9
ibid
., pp. 236–7.

10
ibid
., p. 379.

11
See Davey,
loc. cit.

12
See Lurie,
The Language of Clothes
, p. 258.

13
Henry Mayhew, quoted in Morley,
Death, Heaven and the Victorians
, pp. 74–5.

14
See Bartlett,
London by Day and Night
, pp. 244–5.

15
Henry Kirk White, ‘Consumption’,
Ainsworth’s
magazine, 1842, p. 185.

16
See Hood, Thomas,
The Oxford Book of English Verse
, pp. 758–9.

17
http://homepages.gold.ac.uk/london-journal/march2004/nicoletti.html

18
See Godwin,
Essay on Sepulchres
, p. 78.