On Killing: The Psychological Cost of Learning to Kill in War and Society (43 page)
Read On Killing: The Psychological Cost of Learning to Kill in War and Society Online
Authors: Dave Grossman
Tags: #Military, #war, #killing
technological advantages, 172
sociopaths, 180, 182-83, 185, 321, 340
technological distance, 169—70
Soldier of Fortune
magazine, 343
teenagers, in Vietnam War, 264-65, 287
Somalia, 258
television, violence in, 261, 302, 308-11,
Somme, Battle of, 122
325-30, 347
Soviet Union, 212, 215
terrorism, 207-08, 225
spears, use of, 120-21
Thanatos (death instinct), 37, 332
special forces, 61, 68, 129, 180, 257
thermal-imagery devices, 169, 172
Spiegel, H. X., 335
Thompson, Jack, 13, 234, 244
stabbing, 98, 336
Tiananmen Square Massacre, 215
Staff, Peter, 109-10
Toffler, Alvin, 316
Stellman, Jeanne and Steven, 283, 284, 293
Tokyo, bombing of, 101—02
Stewart, Harry, 116, 336
Torah, 132, 337-39
Stockholm syndrome, 159
totalitarian governments, 210, 340
Stouffer, S. A., 53, 162, 344, 345
touch, sense of, 74
Strasser, Peter, 164
training, 18.
See also
conditioning
Strategic Bombing Survey, U.S., 80
of assassins, 306—07
stress, combat, 36, 44-45, 48, 61-62, 66, 76
basic, 190, 317
aggression and, 77
bayonet, 190
exhaustion and, 70
Civil War, 20
fear as factor in, 52, 53
denial defense mechanisms, 255—56
psychiatric casualties caused by, 95
desensitization, 251—52
training for, 68, 81-82
for exhaustion, 67—68
in Vietnam War, 271
posturing, effect on, 13
Stuart-Smyth, Alan, 146, 217-21
on prisoner treatment, 199, 203—04
sublimation, 324—25
simulators, 177-78
submarine crews, 108
for stress, 68, 81-82
submission, 5—6, 15, 21—25, 71
trauma, psychological, 36, 86, 89, 343.
See
suicides, 78, 150
also
psychiatric casualties
of leaders, 148
amount of resistance and, 191
mass, 150
of atrocities, 222-26
murder-suicides, 241-43
of close-range killing, 115-16
of Vietnam veterans, 290, 345
in daily lives, 76-78
Summers, Harry, 258
edged-weapons use and, 122, 124
superego, 37
of executions, 201
surrender, 147-48, 150, 174, 175-76,
of guerrilla warfare, 198
199-201
of hand-grenade killing, 112-13
sustained combat.
See
continuous combat maximum-range killing and, 108
Swank, R. L., 43-44, 61, 180, 181, 184,
of midrange killing, 112
189, 235
of nonkillers, 90, 233, 259-60
swords, use of, 121
training for, 68
I N D E X
365
Trochu, General, 122
kill rates, 254, 334, 336
Truby, D.J., 109, 174
long-range killing in, 109
Truman, Harry S., 242-43
loss of, 273-74
medical personnel, 335
My Lai incident.
See
My Lai incident
Uhernik, Nick, 266
nonkillers in, 118, 259-60
United Nations, 167, 174, 217
personal kills in, 114-15
prisoners killed in, 199
Vagts, Alfred, 33-34, 164-65
psychiatric casualties in, 269, 277-78.
veterans.
See also
post-traumatic stress
See also
post-traumatic stress
disorder (PTSD)
disorder (PTSD)
condemnation of.
See
condemnation, of rationalizing killing in, 237-40, 262-80
Vietnam veterans
snipers in, 109, 172-73, 336
cooldown period for, 271-73,
social support structure for, 274—80
285-86, 293
U.S. close combat superiority in, 258
readjustment to civilian life of, 260,
youth of combatants in, 264—67, 287
291-92, 344, 345-46
violence in America, 299—332
Veterans Administration, 96
movies and, 308-11
Vicksburg battle, 11
statistics on, 299-302, 304, 346-47
victims.
See also
specific victims, e.g., violent ideation, institutionalization of, 252
children
virtual reality, 316
in movies, 321
nature of, 171-76, 189
Wagenbach, James W., 276
victory
Wake Island battle, 147
fortitude replenished by, 85
Waldron, Adelbert F., 172-73, 336
role of, 264, 273-74
war criminals, 105, 205
video games, violence in, 261,303,314-16,
Waterloo, Battle of, 122
323, 324, 326
Watson, Peter, 25, 35, 49, 52, 149, 161,
Vietnam Veterans Memorial, 275, 276, 293
306, 307
Vietnam War, 38, 248-95, 340, 344-45
Wavell, Lord, 51
atrocities in, 163, 207-08, 215.
See also
weather, effect of, 69, 72-73, 94
My Lai incident
Weinberg, S. K., 335
automatic weapons distribution in,
Weinberger, Caspar, 292
334, 336
Weinberger doctrine, 292
close-range killing in, 116-17
Weinstein, E. A., 335
cooldown period for returning
Well of Fortitude, 83-86
veterans, 271-73
Whitdesey, C. W„ 148
cultural distance in, 162-63
Willis, Captain, 118, 155
drug use in, 269, 270-71, 345
will to fight, 80
exhaustion in, 69
Wilson, James Q., 301
firing rates, 35, 181, 250, 251, 344
Wilson, Woodrow, 226
group role in, 268-70, 275-76, 287-88
Wind of Hate, 65, 66, 76-82, 80, 95,
ineffective firing in, 12
208
inescapability of, 267-68, 287-88
Wissembourg, Batde of, 12
killing female Vietcong in, 175
women.
See also
rape
killing of civilians in, 196-98, 265-67,
killing of, 174-75, 266
267, 287
as scapegoats, 210-11
366
I N D E X
Wood, Evelyn, 31
bombings in, 55-57, 65, 80, 99-102,
World War 1
104, 105
artillery bombardments, 80
bonding in, 269
edged-weapons combat in, 122,
cooldown period, 272, 285-86
123-24, 125
cultural distance in, 161—62, 163
ending of, 273-74
exhaustion in, 69, 71-72, 85-86
exhaustion in, 69, 86
fear acceptable in, 53
fraternization with enemy, 160
firing rates, 3-4, 15-16, 144, 153,
gas used in, 95, 331
181, 333
hand grenades used in, 112-13
fraternization with enemy, 158-59
ineffective firing in, 12
killing rates, 30, 110, 161-62, 184-85
Lost Battalion, 148
knife killing in, 130
machine guns in, 154
leadership in, 147
nobility in, 195-96
nonfirers in, 3—4, 15-16
nonfirers in, 27-28, 34
nonkillers in, 118
psychiatric casualties in, 44
pilots, killing by, 30, 110
snipers, 108-09
post-traumatic stress disorder after,
surrendering Germans killed in, 175-76
285-87
treatment of surrendering soldiers in, 200
prisoner treatment in, 204, 205
World War II.
See also
Nazis
psychiatric casualties in, 43-44, 269
air combat in, 184
punishment justification in, 165
atrocities in, 211, 215-16
bayonets used in, 126
Young, Peter, 174
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