One Hundred Years of U.S. Navy Air Power (84 page)

Richardson, Holden C.,
16
,
17
,
19
,
23–24
,
27
,
28

Roosevelt, Franklin: aeronautics board creation,
19
; aircraft, funding for,
307
; carriers, construction of,
180
; Naval Aviation Reserve Act,
64
; Navy, support for,
135
,
136
; Rainbow Five plan,
41
; Reeves, promotion of,
90

rotary-wing aircraft.
See
helicopters and rotary-wing aircraft

Royal Air Force (RAF),
134
,
166
,
324
,
332

Royal Navy: air wing, number of aircraft in,
162
,
163–64
; aircraft, quality of,
200
; aircraft carrier design,
157–58
,
160
,
183–86
,
192–93nn8–9
,
332–34
; aircraft carriers, role of,
343–44n3
; angled flight decks,
258
; carrier operations,
154–56
,
164
,
191–92n6
; disarmament conference and treaty,
158–59
; funding for,
15
; helicopter purchases,
224
;
naval aviation and the RAF,
166–67
; number of planes,
26
; optical landing system,
258
; seaplane use by,
18
,
155
; shipboard takeoffs by,
18
,
190n2
; steam catapults,
258

S

S-2 Tracker aircraft,
262
,
332

S-3 Viking aircraft,
237
,
262
,
315
,
338

S-22 helicopters,
229

S-58 helicopters,
230

safety issues and initiatives,
20
,
88
,
262–64
,
265

Saratoga
(CV-3): air wing, number of aircraft in,
88
,
169
; capabilities of,
38
,
80
,
89
; construction and commissioning of,
98–99
,
143
,
152n54
,
201
,
319n29
; Fleet manuevers, participation by,
95
,
100–103
,
104–6
,
107–9
,
110–17
,
120–23
,
129n64
,
199
; Fleet Problem participation,
95
; landing on,
161
; safety record on,
88
; specialized air groups,
126–27n22

SB2C Helldiver bomber,
147
,
148
,
210
,
213

SBD Dauntless aircraft,
87
,
147
,
148
,
204

seaplane tenders,
39–40
,
172
,
303
,
305
,
318n17

seaplanes and flying boats: acquisition of,
16
,
17
; advances in,
27–28
,
315
; attack role of,
37–38
,
40–41
,
209
,
214
; bases for,
38–40
; decline in use of,
313
,
315
; development of,
17
,
33–34
,
200
,
208
; effectiveness of,
207–8
; Fleet manuevers, participation by,
113
,
206–7
; flexibility of,
302
; interest in,
12
,
15
; jet aircraft,
250
; launching and landing procedures,
17–18
,
200–201
,
206
; manufacturing of,
303
; Mexican Civil War maneuvers,
23
,
95
; range of,
37
,
208
; scouting missions,
33–35
,
38
,
40–41
,
99
,
123
,
124n4
,
176–77
,
207
; vulnerability of,
38

Selfridge, Thomas,
9

SH-2D/SH-2F helicopters,
235

SH-3A/HSS-2 helicopters,
231

SH-3H helicopters,
236

SH-60B Seahawk helicopters,
235

shipbuilding activities,
141–45
,
151n40

ships: air attacks against,
106–7
; antiaircraft capabilities,
89
,
90–91
; catapult to launch aircraft from,
17–18
,
23–24
,
153
; first take-off from,
5
; system of ship-type symbols,
156
,
185
; takeoffs from,
3
,
5
,
7–8
,
12–13
,
18
,
24
,
153
; treaty tonnage limits,
158–60
,
193n11

short takeoff and vertical landing (STOVL) aircraft,
336
,
340
,
342–43

Sicily
,
274
,
276

Sims, William S.,
46
,
80
,
81–82
,
91n4
,
133
,
154
,
215

sonar, dunking/dipping,
227
,
229
,
231–32
,
309

swept-wing jets: carrier launching and landing procedures,
257–59
; development of,
242–43
; handling characteristics,
246–47
,
252–53
; transition to,
3

T

T3M/T4M torpedo planes,
202–3

TA-4J Skyhawk aircraft,
259

TBD Devastator aircraft,
87
,
147
,
148
,
203

TBF/TBM Avenger bomber,
147
,
148
,
210

Tentative Conceptual baseline (T-CBL) ships,
339
,
349n17

Texas
,
124n4
,
174

Ticonderoga
(CV-14),
142
,
151n35
,
286

torpedo bombers,
195n23
,
201–3
,
212
,
332

Towers, John: aboard aircraft,
14
; aircraft, advances in,
20–21
; aircraft, quality
of,
200
; aircraft carriers, role of,
133
; aircraft demonstrations,
17
; aircraft for War Plan Orange,
37
; aircraft purchases,
25
; career of,
28
; carrier deck operations,
85
; Chambers Board,
19
; as Chambers' replacement,
22
; contributions of,
73
; contributions to naval aviation,
27
; dirigibles, effectiveness of,
24
; Fleet manuevers, participation by,
104
,
129n64
; insignia for naval aviators,
77n39
; legislation, role in drafting,
138
; Mexican Civil War intervention,
23
; pilot training,
13
; war observation duties,
23

two-ocean Navy: carriers for,
177–82
,
196–97nn27–28
; Vinson-Walsh Act,
132
,
136
,
137–40
,
149
,
150n27
,
151n29
,
151n31
,
152nn53–54

U

UH-1 Huey,
292

UH-1B helicopters,
234

UH-2A helicopters,
233
,
234

UH-34 Seahorse,
292

UH-46A Sea Knight helicopters,
234

UH-60 Blackhawk helicopters,
235

United States
,
243
,
250
,
273
,
311
,
312
,
324
,
325
,
332
,
348n11

Unmanned Combat Aerial Systems (UCAS),
249–50
,
341

Utah
,
107
,
117

V

Valley Forge
,
271
,
274
,
275
,
277–78

vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) aircraft,
251
,
336
,
338–39
,
340
,
342
,
349n15

Vietnam War: anti-aircraft artillery (AAA) fire,
287
,
291
; close air support,
292–93
; end of U.S. involvement in,
293
; Flaming Dart operations,
287–88
; Game Warden operation,
290–91
; Gulf of Tonkin incident,
286–87
,
314
; helicopter use during,
232–34
,
284
; jet aircraft and carrier operations,
243
,
314–15
,
326
,
352
; Linebacker II operation,
293
; Market Time operation,
290–91
,
314
; naval air power role in,
284–93
; Rolling Thunder campaign,
288–89
,
292
,
293
; start of,
283–84
; surface-to-air (SAM) missiles,
291–92
; Vietnamization strategy,
293

Vinson, Carl,
131–32
,
135–40
,
149

Vinson-Trammel Acts,
35
,
136–37
,
141–42
,
151n40
,
175–76
,
196n25

Vinson-Walsh Act (Two-Ocean Navy Act),
132
,
136
,
137–40
,
149
,
150n27
,
151n29
,
151n31
,
152nn53–54

VP aircraft and VProns,
33–34
,
35
,
38–42

W

war: containment policy of U.S.,
293–94
; fleet and force expansion,
54
,
59–60
,
64–65
,
71
,
72
,
74–75n16
,
95–96
,
272
,
273
,
304
,
318n16
; naval warfare, evolution of,
301
,
318n3
; naval warfare, technology and,
301–2
; strategy for,
283
.
See also
anti-submarine warfare

War Plan Orange: aircraft range and,
31
,
33–35
,
37
; bases for aircraft,
38–40
; cautionaries,
32–33
; color plans for war,
42n1
; development of,
31
; fleet to carry out,
143–44
,
149
,
160
; geographic dilemma,
31
; PBY Catalina aircraft,
34
,
36–38
,
40
,
42
,
208
; phases of war,
31–33
; strategic themes,
31
; thrusters,
32
,
33
; VP aircraft and VProns,
33–34
,
35
,
38–42

Washington Naval Treaty,
158–61
,
166
,
167–75
,
193nn10–11
,
194n17
,
194n19
,
196n25

Wasp
(CV-7),
109
,
137
,
143
,
172
,
178
,
195n22

Wasp
(CV-18),
141
,
151n35

wings of gold,
77n39

World War I: aircraft built and used during,
154
,
190n3
,
200
; Navy's role in,
304
,
318n16
; wartime expansion and peacetime reduction,
95–96
,
304
,
318n16

World War II: air-to-air combat,
210
; Battle of the Atlantic,
308–9
; carrier aviation, role of,
53
; carrier operations,
182–83
; Central Pacific campaign,
143–45
,
149
; Fleet Plan WPPac-46,
41–42
; Lend-Lease Act,
91
; multi-front war capabilities,
139
; naval aviation buildup for,
308–9
,
319nn37–39
; Navy expansion during,
64–65
; number of pilots for,
308
,
320n42
; Pacific campaign,
309–11
,
351–52
; Rainbow Five plan,
41–42
; tactics for, development of,
81
; V-J Day,
310–11

Wright, Orville,
8–9
,
13–14
,
16

Wright, Wilbur,
8–9
,
13–14
,
16

X

XF2Y-1 Sea Dart,
250
,
315
,
321n68

XFY-1 Pogo,
251

XR-4 helicopters,
220
,
221
,
224–25
,
226

Y

Yorktown
(CV-5): Battle of Midway,
89
,
142
,
179
; construction and commissioning of,
109
,
129n57
,
135
,
143
,
171
; design of,
171
; Fleet manuevers, participation by,
117–19
,
120–23
,
130n68
,
226
; sinking of,
89
,
142
,
172
,
174
,
178