Ottoman Brothers: Muslims, Christians, and Jews in Early Twentieth-Century Palestine (70 page)

^85.
See
Ha-
erut
, August 13, 1909; September 29, 1909; July 20, 1910; September 21, 1910, November 21, 1910. British consular documents indicate that at one call-up in 1910, of the sixty Christians summoned twenty paid the tax while another fifteen fled; of the thirty-six Jews called up ten paid the tax and another ten fled. Consul Satow to Foreign Office, September 23, 1910. Cited in Eliav,
Britain and the Holy Land
, 90. The government threatened youth fleeing service and their accomplices with a stiff fines and a double tour of duty (six years instead of three).
Ha-
erut
, February 2, 1910, and January 2, 1911.

^86.
Ha-
erut
, March 9, 1910.

^87.
Ibid.

^88.
Ha-
erut
, March 14, 1910.

^89.
Ibid.

^90.
Ha-
erut
, September 21, 1910.

^91.
See notices in
El Liberal
, September 10, 1909; November 19, 1909;
Ha-
erut
, December 25, 1909; April 22, 1910; August 10, 1910; September 19, 1910; October 10, 1910; October 28, 1910; October 31, 1910; December 10, 1910; January 11, 1911. One society was called the Society for the Pioneers of the Army and Help for the Wives of Soldiers.

^92.
See, for example,
Ha-
erut
, November 9, 1910; November 25, 1910; December 13, 1910; December 28, 1910.

^93.
Ha-
erut
, January 13, 1911;
Ha-
erut
, February 22, 1911. The press complained that 75 percent of Jews did not report for duty. Later reports confirmed that the sons of European Ottomanized Jews were forfeiting their Ottoman citizenship and reclaiming their foreign citizenship. Levontin to Wolffsohn, April 3, 1911. CZA Z2/644; Sokolow to Jacobsohn, October 12, 1912. CZA Z3/43.

^94.
Ha-
erut
, October 29, 1912.

^95.
“The Love of the Jews for their Homeland,”
Ha-
erut
, February 24, 1913.

^96.
“Jews in the Army! Jews in the War!”
Ha-
erut
, November 1, 1912.

^97.
For example, in the fall of 1910 Shim‘on Moyal was fined eight Turkish liras and imprisoned for a month along with the Christian publisher of
Al-Akhbār
for a stinging article he wrote in that paper about the mufti. Translation from
Al-Nafīr
appeared in
Ha-
erut
, November 21, 1910. For another case see
Al-Karmil
, November 16, 1912.