Outlaw Marriages (32 page)

20
. John Burroughs,
The Writings of John Burroughs
(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1904), 3:220. See also, Binns,
A Life
, 301; Shively,
Calamus Lovers
, 117.

21
. Shively,
Calamus Lovers
, 102.

22
. Ibid., 100–101; Binns,
A Life
, 210; Murray, “‘Pete the Great,'” 15.

23
. Bucke,
Calamus
, 25–26.

24
. Murray, “‘Pete the Great,'” 15;
Walt Whitman: Notebooks and Unpublished Prose Manuscripts
, Edward F. Grier, ed. (New York: New York University Press, 1984), 2:821.

25
.
Leaves of Grass: A Textual Variorum
, 2:488. Whitman used the personal name Jonathan in “A Boston Ballad,” though the name did not represent a fictional hero but, instead, was intended to denote the average American.

26
. Ibid., 2:482, 2:491, 2:507; Murray, “‘Pete the Great,'” 16. The line “son of responding kisses” is in the poem “Vigil Strange I Kept on the Field One Night”; the line beginning “Many a soldier's” is in “The Dresser”; and the line beginning “more than all” is in “O Tan-Faced Prairie-Boy.”

27
. Florence Bernstein Freedman,
William Douglas O'Connor, Walt Whitman's Chosen Knight
(Athens: Ohio University Press, 1985), 198–200; Murray, “‘Pete the Great,'” 17. The poems Whitman deleted were “Long I Thought that Knowledge Alone Would Suffice,” “Hours Continuing Long,” and “Who Is Now Reading This?”

28
. Murray, “‘Pete the Great,'” 21–28; Shively,
Calamus Lovers
, 101.

29
. Shively,
Calamus Lovers
, 104;
Walt Whitman: The Correspondence
, 2:47.

30
.
Walt Whitman: The Correspondence
, 2:67.

31
. Ibid., 2:127, 2:62–63, 2:84–85; Shively,
Calamus Lovers
, 109.

32
.
Walt Whitman: The Correspondence
, 2:47, 2:85.

33
. Ibid., 2:110.

34
. John Burroughs, “Walt Whitman and His ‘Drum-Taps,'”
New York Galaxy
, December 1866;
Walt Whitman: The Correspondence
, 2:169.

35
. Binns,
A Life
, 247–49; “Walt Whitman Dead,”
Chicago Tribune
, 5.

36
. Binns,
A Life
, 247–48; Bucke,
Calamus
, iii.

37
.
Walt Whitman: The Correspondence
, 2:227.

38
. Ibid., 2:265, 2:294, 2:296.

39
. Shively,
Calamus Lovers
, 103;
Walt Whitman: The Correspondence
, 2:304.

40
.
Walt Whitman: The Correspondence
, 2:308.

41
. Murray, “‘Pete the Great,'” 33; Reynolds,
Walt Whitman's America
, 524–26.

42
.
Walt Whitman: The Correspondence
, 3:67.

43
. Ibid., 3:87.

44
.
Ibid., 3:189.

45
.
Critic
, November 5, 1881; “Literature,”
Chicago Tribune
, November 26, 1881, 9; Reynolds,
Walt Whitman's America
, 544; “Walt Whitman Dead,”
Chicago Tribune
, 5. The Boston publisher was James R. Osgood, and the Philadelphia publisher was Rees Welsh.

46
.
Walt Whitman: The Correspondence
, 3:158–59.

47
. Bucke,
Calamus
, iii.

48
. J. Johnston, MD, and J. W. Wallace,
Visits to Walt Whitman in 1890–1891 by Two Lancashire Friends
(New York: Egmont Arens, 1918), 147; Murray, “‘Pete the Great,'” 36.

49
. Bucke,
Calamus
, 32–33.

50
. Binns,
A Life
, 344; Murray, “‘Pete the Great,'” 39.

51
. “A Poet for Humanity,”
Washington Post
, March 31, 1892, 1; “Walt Whitman's Career,”
New York Times
, 10. On other obituaries and tributes that did not mention Doyle, see “Death of Walt Whitman,”
New York Times
, 4; “Walt Whitman Dead,”
Chicago Tribune
, 5; “Walt Whitman Dead,”
Los Angeles Times
, March 27, 1892, 13; “Walt Whitman Dead,”
San Francisco Chronicle
, March 27, 1892, 14; “Walt Whitman Dead,”
Washington Evening Star
, March 28, 1892, 7; “Walt Whitman Dead,”
Washington Post
, 1; “Whitman's Voice Forever Stilled,”
Philadelphia Inquirer
, March 27, 1892, 1.

52
. Shively,
Calamus Lovers
, 103.

53
. Murray, “‘Pete the Great,'” 34; Shively,
Calamus Lovers
, 115.

54
. Bucke,
Calamus;
Murray, “‘Pete the Great,'” 43.

55
. Henry James,
Literature
, April 16, 1898;
Nation
, July 1, 1897.

56
. Bucke,
Calamus
, 29.

57
. Binns,
A Life;
Murray, “‘Pete the Great,'” 43.

58
. “Died,”
Philadelphia Inquirer
, April 20, 1907, 7; “Died,”
Washington Evening Star
, April 21, 1907, 5.

1
. On Thomas's early years, see “Carey Thomas, Noted Educator, Succumbs at 79,”
Washington Post
, December 3, 1935, 6; Marjorie H. Dobkin, ed.,
The Making of a Feminist: Early Journals and Letters of M. Carey Thomas
(Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 1979), 5–15; Helen Lefkowitz Horowitz,
The Power and Passion of M. Carey Thomas
(Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1994), 3–55; “Miss M. C. Thomas of Bryn Mawr Dies,”
New York Times
, December 3, 1935, 25. Thomas's parents were James Thomas and Mary Whitall Thomas.

2
. Horowitz,
Power and Passion
, 19, 37–49, 442; “M. Carey Thomas,” Martha Carey Thomas Papers, Bryn Mawr College Archives.

3
. Thomas to Hannah Whitall Smith, August 8, 1874, Thomas Papers.

4
. Horowitz,
Power and Passion
, 74; “Miss M. C. Thomas,” 25.

5
. On Gwinn's early years, see “Biography of Alfred LeRoy Hodder and Mary Gwinn Hodder,” Alfred and Mamie Gwinn Hodder Papers, Princeton University Library; Horowitz,
Power and Passion
, 92. Gwinn's parents were Charles J. M. Gwinn
and Mathilda Gwinn, and her maternal grandfather was Reverdy Johnson.

6
. “Alfred Hodder Dies at Forty,”
New York Times
, March 4, 1907, 9; “Biography,” Hodder Papers; “Deaths,”
New York Times
, November 13, 1940, 23; Horowitz,
Power and Passion
, 1994), 92.

7
. “Biography,” Hodder Papers; Horowitz,
Power and Passion
, 92.

8
. “Biography,” Hodder Papers; Dobkin,
Making of a Feminist
, 156; Horowitz,
Power and Passion
, 92.

9
. Martha Carey Thomas diary, February 2 and 22, 1878, Martha Carey Thomas Papers, Bryn Mawr College Archives.

10
. Edith Finch,
Carey Thomas of Bryn Mawr
(New York: Harper & Brothers, 1947), 84; Mamie Gwinn Hodder, “Reminisces of M. Carey Thomas,” Hodder Papers; Horowitz,
Power and Passion
, 93; Dell Richards,
Superstars: Twelve Lesbians Who Changed the World
(New York: Carroll & Graf, 1993), 85.

11
. Thomas diary, February 24, 1879, Thomas Papers; Thomas to Gwinn, July 13, 1879, Simon Flexner Papers, American Philosophical Society Library, Philadelphia; Horowitz,
Power and Passion
, 102.

12
. “Carey Thomas,” 6; Finch,
Carey Thomas
, 88; Horowitz,
Power and Passion
, 102.

13
. Horowitz,
Power and Passion
, 103.

14
. Thomas diary, January 11, 1879, Thomas Papers.

15
. Horowitz,
Power and Passion
, 105.

16
. Ibid., 108; “Biography,” Hodder Papers; Dobkin,
Making of a Feminist
, 155.

17
. Horowitz,
Power and Passion
, 112–16; Thomas to Mary Whitall Thomas, February 1, 1880, Thomas Papers.

18
. Thomas to Mary Whitall Thomas, November 13, 1880, and January 5, 1882, Thomas Papers.

19
. Gwinn to Thomas, March 1882, Thomas Papers; Thomas diary, September 14, 1878, and October 12, 1878, Thomas Papers.

20
. Horowitz,
Power and Passion
, 138; Richards,
Superstars
, 85.

21
. Thomas to Richard Cadbury, April 4, 1880, Thomas Papers.

22
. Horowitz,
Power and Passion
, 134.

23
. Thomas to Mary Garrett, January 11, 1881, Thomas Papers.

24
. “Carey Thomas,” 6; Richards,
Superstars
, 76.

25
. Horowitz,
Power and Passion
, 148.

26
. Ibid., 148.

27
. Ibid., 145–46, 153; Richards,
Superstars
, 76.

28
. Horowitz,
Power and Passion
, 148–49; Richards,
Superstars
, 76.

29
. Horowitz,
Power and Passion
, 150–51.

30
. Ibid., 152, 154; Dobkin,
Making of a Feminist
, 19; “Miss M. C. Thomas,” 25.

31
. Horowitz,
Power and Passion
, 186, 195; “Miss M. C. Thomas,” 25.

32
. “A New College for Women,”
New York Times
, March 17, 1884, 2.

33
. “Biography,” Hodder Papers; Horowitz,
Power and Passion
, 192–97; “M. Carey Thomas,” Thomas Papers.

34
. Horowitz,
Power and Passion
, 197.

35
.
Ibid., 201; Gwinn to Thomas, July 31, 1884, and May 2, 1884, Thomas Papers.

36
. “M. Carey Thomas,” Thomas Papers.

37
. Ibid.; Horowitz,
Power and Passion
, 202–3; Richards,
Superstars
, 71.

38
. “M. Carey Thomas,” Thomas Papers.

39
. Horowitz,
Power and Passion
, 219.

40
. Gwinn to Thomas, March 1886, Thomas Papers.

41
. Horowitz,
Power and Passion
, 244, 295; “M. Carey Thomas,” Thomas Papers; Richards,
Superstars
, 82.

42
. E. J. Edwards, “America's Leaders in the Higher Education of Women,”
New York Times
, November 5, 1911, SM11; Horowitz,
Power and Passion
, 146–47.

43
. Horowitz,
Power and Passion
, 262.

44
. Ibid., 265; “Miss M. C. Thomas,” 25.

45
. Horowitz,
Power and Passion
, 324.

46
. Ibid., 266–67, 300; “Biography,” Hodder Papers; “M. Carey Thomas,” Thomas Papers.

47
. “Women Enjoy a Banquet,”
New York Times
, May 6, 1896, 1.

48
. Ibid.; Horowitz,
Power and Passion
, 320.

49
. Edwards, “America's Leaders,” SM11.

50
. Thomas to Gwinn, 1896, Hodder Papers.

51
. Horowitz,
Power and Passion
, 323–27; “M. Carey Thomas,” Thomas Papers.

52
. “Miss Mary Garrett Dead,”
New York Times
, April 4, 1915, 8.

53
. Gwinn to Thomas, April 4, 1884; April 5, 1884; and October 10, 1884, Hodder Papers.

54
. Horowitz,
Power and Passion
, 263; Richards,
Superstars
, 88–89; Thomas to Gwinn, November 26, 1893, Thomas Papers.

55
. “Biography,” Hodder Papers; Thomas to Gwinn, March 2, 1901, Thomas Papers.

56
. Dobkin,
Making of a Feminist
, 157; Horowitz,
Power and Passion
, 283.

57
. “M. Carey Thomas,” Thomas Papers; “Miss Mary Garrett,” 8.

58
. Gwinn to Thomas, August 1, 1899, Hodder Papers; Horowitz,
Power and Passion
, 355.

59
. Horowitz,
Power and Passion
, 283–84.

60
. Richards,
Superstars
, 71.

61
. Dobkin,
Making of a Feminist
, 157; Horowitz,
Power and Passion
, 292–96; “News of Bryn Mawr College,”
New York Times
, May 6, 1895, 9.

62
. Horowitz,
Power and Passion
, 367; Thomas to Gwinn, February 3, 1894, Thomas Papers.

63
. Horowitz,
Power and Passion
, 367; Richards,
Superstars
, 71, 89.

64
. “Alfred Hodder Dies,” 9.

65
. Ibid.

66
. “Miss Mary Garrett,” 8.

67
. “Garrett Millions to Miss Thomas,”
New York Times
, April 9, 1915, 6; Horowitz,
Power and Passion
, 424; Richards,
Superstars
, 88–89.

68
. “Twelve Greatest Women,”
New York Times
, June 25, 1922, 21.

69
.
Katie Doyle Gaffney interview by Marjorie Housepian Dobkin, February 4, 1975, Katie Doyle materials, Bryn Mawr College Archives.

70
. Horowitz,
Power and Passion
, 412–13, 440; Richards,
Superstars
, 90.

71
. Hodder, “Reminisces,” Hodder Papers; Horowitz,
Power and Passion
, 373.

72
. Hodder, “Reminisces,” Hodder Papers.