Outpost: Life on the Frontlines of American Diplomacy: A Memoir (58 page)
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Authors: Christopher R. Hill
Tags: #Biography & Autobiography, #Nonfiction, #Personal Memoir, #Retail
Commander’s Emergency Resource Program (“CERP”):
U.S. Army field manual:
“How Petraeus Changed the U.S. Military,”
CNN.com/2012/11/10/opinion/Bergen-petraeus-legacy/index.html
.
L. Paul Bremer:
Peter D. McManmon Jr., “L. Paul Bremer, III: Managing the Iraq Reconstruction Effort,”
http://www.thepresidency.org/storage/documents/Calkins/McManmon.pdf
.
Fifteen minutes into the ride:
“Bomb explodes near U.S. Ambassador’s convoy in Iraq,”
USA Today,
July 13, 2009.
Chapter 1: Early Diplomatic Lessons
Congolese leftist leader Patrice Lumumba had been killed:
Alan Riding, “Belgium Confronts Its Heart of Darkness,”
New York Times,
September 21, 2002.
Duvalier had just declared himself president for life:
Encyclopaedia Britannica,
s.v. “Duvalier, François.”
Chapter 2: Peace Corps
to a University of Michigan crowd of five thousand:
“Remarks of Senator John F. Kennedy,”
http://www.peacecorps.gov/about/history/speech
.
Chapter 3: First Mentor
Hollywood’s view of the Foreign Service:
See, among many others,
Missing
(Universal Pictures, 1982).
Chapter 4: A Force of Nature
“ ‘We the People’ ”:
“Walesa Makes Historic Speech to Congress,”
Harvard Crimson,
November 16, 1989.
calling on Gorbachev to tear down the Berlin Wall:
“Berlin Wall” speech, posted by Reagan Foundation,
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5MDFX-dNtsM
.
Chapter 5: Frasure
UNPROFOR:
The United Nations Protection Force was created by UN Security Council Resolution 743 in 1992.
taking of UN hostages:
See
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Deliberate_Force
.
Mount Igman:
See
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igman
.
Chapter 6: A Peace Shuttle
NATO bombing of Serb positions was front-page news:
NATO bombing of Yugoslavia—Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Chapter 7: Unfinished Business
As Dick made the announcement:
nytimes.com
: COLLECTIONS, GREECE.
Chapter 8: On to Geneva
“sniper alley”:
See
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sniper_alley
.
The story of the Dayton Peace Accords:
Richard Holbrooke,
To End a War
(New York: Random House, 1998).
Chapter 9: “Your Beautiful Country”
the first ambassador to Macedonia:
www.gpo.gov/fdsy/pkg/CREC-1996-06-28-pt1-pgs7336-3htm
.
question from a Greek journalist:
“U.S. use of Macedonia instead of FROYM,”
macedoniaonline.eu/content/category/1/13/45/50/5095
.
Chapter 10: Kosovo: “Where It Began and Where It Will End”
the Battle of Kosovo:
http://www.balkanhistory.com/kosovo_1389.htm
.
Kosovo Liberation Army:
http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/Europe/july-dec98/kla_7-15.html
.
included former smugglers:
There are many references to this allegation. Start with
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosovo_Liberation_Army
.
“hyperpower”:
http://www.nytimes.com/1999/02/05/news/05iht-france.t_0.html
.
a KLA fighter looking like Che Guevara:
He turned out to be a KLA member visiting from his home in Denmark. Much to the consternations of the Danes, there were many connections of the KLA to Scandinavian countries. See, for example,
http://thebloodyellowhouse.wordpress.com/albanian-mafia/
.
Chapter 11: Unfinished Peace
“the most dangerous place in Europe”:
Galen Guengerich, “The Most Dangerous Place in the World,” September 27, 1998.
www.allsoulsnyc2.org/publications/sermons/fcsermons/most-dangerous-place-world.html
.
“the Hill Plan”:
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/inatl/longterm/balkans/who.htm
.
intercepts of his cell phone calls:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C4%8Dak_massacre
.
On March 24 the bombing began:
www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/kosovo/etc/cron.html
.
Chapter 12: The Safe Room
I ordered all hands down to the vault:
For a good account see
www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/inatl/daily/march99/macedonia26.htm
.
slowdown at the border:
www.cnn.com/WORLD/europe/9904/07/kosovo.refugees.03/
.
bombs struck the Chinese embassy:
There continue to be those who believe the attack on the Chinese embassy was deliberate. In fact, it greatly complicated the NATO effort. See
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/340280.stm
.
the main Stenkovac camp:
http://www.afsa.org/pdf/inside_us_embassy-tales_from_the_field.pdf
.
Chapter 13: Patterns of Cooperation
George W. Bush arrived in Warsaw:
http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov
› President.
“
No U.S. ambassador had ever visited the cemetery:
english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2004/09/. . ./2004091761035.html
.
his February 2003 speech:
http://www.foxnews.com/story/2003/02/05/raw-data-text-powell-un-speech-part-ii/
.
openly criticized the Roh government:
John Bolton,
Surrender Is Not an Option
(New York: Threshold Editions, 2007), p..
Chapter 14: Calling an Audible
“They are coming now”:
For a description of my first meeting with the North Koreans, see Mike Chinoy,
Meltdown
(New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2008), p.
Chapter 15: Plastic Tulips
went out to meet the press:
www.foxnews.com/story/2005/07/10/rice-says-n-korea-talks-just-start/
.
the resumption of talks was “only a start”:
www.foxnews.com/story/2005/03/20/rice-warns-europe-on-weapons-to-china
.
Washington’s press cycle:
http://www.donaldgross.net/2005/10/breakthrough-at-the-six-party-talks/
.
the
Joint Statement:
www.atomicarchive.com
› Special Reports › Nuclear Crisis: North Korea.
designation of Banco Delta Asia:
http://www.treasury.gov/press-center/press-releases/Pages/js2720.aspx
.
developments came to light with the press:
Donald Greenlees and David Lague, “The Money Trail That Linked North Korea to Macao,”
New York Times,
April 11, 2007.
Chapter 16: Heart of Darkness
adopted Resolution 1695:
www.armscontrol.org
› Arms Control Today › September 2006.
announced a new joint statement:
www.washingtonpost.com
› World › Special Reports › North Korea.
tendentious story:
“North Korea Sanctions,”
Financial Times
.
www.ft.com
› World › Asia-Pacific.
On June 21, I arrived in Pyongyang:
“U.S. Nuclear Envoy Arrives in Pyongyang,”
http://english.cri.cn/2947/2007/06/21/[email protected]
.
Chapter 17: Showing Up
Hun Sen had just arrested:
www.hrw.org/news/2006/01/03/cambodia-hun-sen-systematically-silences-critics
.
Chapter 18: Breakfast with Cheney
had entered George Washington University Hospital:
usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/2007-07-28-cheney-surgery_N.htm
.
Chapter 19: “That’s Verifiable”
wanted to see the facility:
New Doubts on Nuclear Efforts by North Korea:
www.washingtonpost.com
› World › Special Reports › North Korea.
including CNN, recorded the event:
edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/06/27/amanpour.yongbyon/
.
Chapter 20: Global Service
impediment to progress:
There have been numerous studies to demonstrate that attitudes toward the United States in 2003–2004 had worsened, due in part to differences on engaging with North Korea. See “RAND Study Warns That South Koreans’ Long-Term Support for Alliance with U.S. Threatened by Differences over North Korea,”
http://www.rand.org/news/press/2004/03/12.html
.
a “town hall” meeting:
“Rice tries to quell staff dissent over forced duty in Iraq,”
http://edition.cnn.com/2007/POLITICS/11/02/state.iraq/
.
Chapter 21: Taking the Fifth
looking for reading material:
Thomas Ricks,
Fiasco: The American Military Adventure in Iraq
(New York: Penguin Press, 2006).
General Petraeus’s and Ambassador Crocker’s testimony to the Congress:
articles.washingtonpost.com
› Collections › Iraqi Government.
a very upset General Zinni:
“Zinni Gets Undiplomatic Treatment from Obama Team,”
http://thecable.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2009/02/04/zinni_unloads
.
Dick Holbrooke’s name got dragged in:
Al Kamen, “The Not-Quite-Man Act,”
Washington Post,
February 25, 2009,
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/02/24/AR2009022403543.html
.
issued a news release questioning my qualifications:
http://www.lgraham.senate.gov//files/19/99/01/f199901/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=PressRoom.PressReleases&ContentRecord_id=fcc1fcc3-802a-23ad-4420-7c7e728928fb
.
“lied to the Senate”:
https://votesmart.org/public-statement/412493/brownback-disappointed-by-nomination-of-chris-hill-to-serve-as-ambassador-to-iraq#.Uky__r-E7ww
.
Dick Cheney was John King’s guest:
CNN
Late Edition,
http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0903/15/sotu.01.html
.
an impassioned plea to the Senate to confirm me:
http://thecable.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2009/03/18/top_brass_disturbed_by_gop_stalling_of_iraq_ambassador
.
Senator Kerry was energetic and generous in his support:
http://votesmart.org/public-statement/419169/nomination-of-christopher-r-hill-to-be-ambassador-to-iraq-continued#.UkzNPr-E7ww
.
Chapter 22: The Longest Day
A company called First Kuwaiti:
First Kuwait was the prime contractor of a project that became fodder for much that was wrong in Iraq.
http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2007/10/18/20676/criminal-probe-into-us-embassy.html
.
Peruvian contract guards in brown uniforms:
Most worked as subcontractors for a company called Triple Canopy, one of several private military contractors, the best known of which was Blackwater. For a general discussion on the phenomenon see
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_military_company
.
the arrival of Secretary Clinton:
http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/hillary-clinton-visit-iraq-secretary-state-iraq-track-article-1.359990
.
Clinton never returned to Baghdad. Part of the reason she did not return was that soon thereafter, President Obama asked Vice President Biden to oversee efforts in Iraq. Nonetheless, many argued that as holder of the State Department’s largest post, she should have made an appearance there.
Chapter 23: Winding Down the War
audience of marines at Camp Lejeune
: President Barack Obama, “Responsibility for Ending the War,” Camp Lejeune, North Carolina, February 27, 2009.
“
The surge was my idea”:
The success of the surge had many fathers, Petraeus among them. Wikipedia has a good summary of it.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq_War_troop_surge_of_2007
.
“America doesn’t deserve its military”:
Alissa J. Rubin, “In Iraq, a Blunt Civilian Is a Fixture by the General’s Side,”
New York Times,
November 20, 2009.
Terry Barnich:
“U.S. officials: Roadside bomb kills3 in Fallujah,”
http://USAToday30.usatoday.com/news/world/Iraq/2009-05-26-iraq-bomb_N.htm
.
announced that Vice President Biden would take on
:
http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2009/06/obama-gives-biden-iraq-assignment/
.
bomb that had devastated the Foreign Ministry building:
http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2009/0824/p06s01-wome.html
.
approved an election law:
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/07/world/middleeast/07iraq.html?_r=0
.
“It is difficult for any major oil company not to be in Iraq”:
A French oil executive quoted in “U.S. Companies Shut Out as Iraq Auctions Its Oil Fields,”
Time,
December 19, 2009.
Abramowitz, Mort,
130
Accountability and Justice Commission,
377
activation order (ACTORD),
142
–43
Adair, Marshall,
96
Adeeb, Ali al-,
386
Holbrooke on,
389
–91
Polish offer of forces for,
187
,
188
Soviet invasion of,
34
war in,
194
,
199
,
204
,
211
,
269
,
363
,
382
–83
AFL-CIO,
41
Africa,
15
Agency for International Development, U.S. (USAID),
46
,
47
,
50
–51,
335
,
336