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Authors: Dante

BOOK: Paradiso
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And Beatrice began: ‘Give thanks, give thanks   

               
to the Sun who makes the angels shine and who,

54
           
by His grace, has raised you to this visible sun.’

               
Never was mortal heart so well prepared

               
for worship, nor so swift to yield itself

57
           
to God with absolute assent

               
as was mine when I heard those words,

               
and all my love was so set on Him   

60
           
that it eclipsed Beatrice in forgetfulness.

               
This did not displease her. Instead, she smiled,   

               
so that the splendor of her smiling eyes

63
           
divided my mind’s focus among many things.

               
I saw many living lights of blinding brightness   

               
make of us a center and of themselves a crown,

66
           
their voices sweeter than the radiance of their faces.

               
Thus ringed we sometimes see Latona’s daughter

               
when the air has grown so heavy

69
           
that it retains the thread that forms her belt.

               
In the court of Heaven, from which I have returned,   

               
there are many gems of such worth and beauty

72
           
that they may not be taken from the realm.

               
These lights were singing of those jewels.

               
He who fails to wing himself to fly there

75
           
might as well await the dumb to tell the news.

               
When, with just such songs, those blazing suns   

               
had three times made their way around us,

78
           
like stars right near the still and steady poles,

               
they seemed to me like ladies, poised to dance,

               
pausing, silent, as they listen,

81
           
until they have made out the new refrain.

               
And from one of them I heard: ‘Since the ray   

               
of grace by which true love is kindled

84
           
and which, by loving, sees itself increase,

               
‘multiplied in you, is so resplendent

               
that it conducts you up that stair   

87
           
which none descends except to mount again,   

               
‘he who would deny your thirst the wine

               
out of his bottle would not be free to do so,

90
           
as water has no option but to flow into the sea.

               
‘You want to know with what plants and blossoms

               
this garland is in flower, encircling with delight

93
           
the lovely lady who strengthens you for Heaven.

               
‘I was a lamb among the holy flock

               
led by Dominic along the road

96
           
where sheep are fattened if they do not stray.

               
‘He that is nearest to me on the right   

               
was both my brother and my teacher—

99
           
he, Albert of Cologne, I, Thomas of Aquino.   

               
‘If you would like to find out who the others are,

               
follow, as I name them, with your eyes,

102
         
turning up your gaze along the blessèd wreath.

               
‘The next flame issues from the smile of Gratian,   

               
who served one and the other court so well

105
         
his service now gives joy in Paradise.

               
‘The next one to adorn our choir   

               
was the Peter who, like the poor widow,

108
         
offered up his treasure to Holy Church.

               
‘The fifth light, the most beautiful among us,   

               
breathes forth such love that all the world below   

111
         
is greedy to discover how his soul has fared.

               
‘Within his light there dwells a lofty mind,

               
its wisdom so profound, if truth is true,

114
         
there never rose another of such vision.

               
‘Next to him behold the flaming of the candle   

               
that in the flesh below saw farthest

117
         
into the nature and the ministry of angels.

               
‘In the other little light there   

               
smiles that defender of the Christian Church

120
         
of whose account Augustine made good use.

               
‘If the eye of your mind is being drawn   

               
from light to light, following my praises,

123
         
you are already thirsting for the eighth.

               
‘Within it rejoices, in his vision of all goodness,

               
the holy soul who makes quite plain

126
         
the world’s deceit to one who listens well.

               
‘The body from which it was driven out

               
lies down there in Cieldauro, and he has risen   

129
         
from martyrdom and exile to this peace.

               
‘See, blazing just beyond him, the fiery breath   

               
of Isidore, of Bede, and then of Richard,   

   

132
         
the last in contemplation more than human.

               
‘This one, from whom your look comes back to me,   

   

               
is the light of a spirit to whom it seemed,

135
         
in his grave meditation, that death came on too slow.

               
‘It is the eternal light of Siger,

               
who, instructing in the Street of Straw,

138
         
demonstrated enviable truths.’   

               
Then, like a clock that calls us at the hour   

               
when the bride of God gets up to sing

141
         
matins to her bridegroom, that he should love her still,

               
when a cog pulls one wheel and drives another,

               
chiming its ting-ting with notes so sweet

144
         
that the willing spirit swells with love,   

               
thus I saw that glorious wheel in motion,

               
matching voice to voice in harmony

               
and with sweetness that cannot be known

148
         
except where joy becomes eternal.

OUTLINE: PARADISO XI

THE SUN

1–9
   
apostrophe: eight false “cares” of mortals (law, medicine, priesthood, political power, robbery, civic affairs, sexuality, idleness)
10–12
   
removed from all that: Dante with Beatrice in the Sun
13–18
   
spirits of first solar circle finish their circling and become fixed in place; one of them (Thomas) speaks:
19–21
   
“I know your thoughts and the reasons for them:
22–27
   
you want to know what I meant at
Par.
X. 96 and X.114”
28–139
   
a self-commentary by Thomas on Paradiso X.96:
28–36
   
God chose two to serve as guides to Christ’s Church
37–39
   
one seraphic
(Francis)
in his ardor, the other cherubic
(Dominic)
in his wisdom
40–42
   
I will speak of one, but that is to do so of both.
(
43–117
   
inset: Thomas’s “Life of Francis”)
43–54
   
the situation of Francis’s birthplace in Umbria, not to be called “Ascesi” but “Orïente”
55–57
   
Francis’s early proofs of his powers:
58–63
   
his youthful love for and marriage to
Lady Poverty
64–72
   
left a widow by
Jesus
, she had previously been in
Amyclas
’s company; but neither association helped her
73–75
   
Thomas spoke, he explains, of Francis and Poverty
76–78
   
their love caused holy, loving thoughts in others:
79–81
   
Bernard of Quintavalle
decided to go forth barefoot;
82–84
   
Egidius
and
Silvester
did so too;
85–87
   
and off they all went, cinctured with their cord
88–93
   
Francis appeared before
Pope Innocent III
, receiving the first seal for his order (1214)
94–99
   
once the number of followers had grown,
Pope Honorius III
gave Francis his “second crown” (1223)
100–108
   
after failing to convert the
Sultan
(1219), Francis received the third seal on
Mount Alvernia
(1224)
109–117
   
he preferred to die in Lady Poverty’s bosom and told his followers to love her in faith.
(
118–139
   
Thomas resumes his “commentary”)
118–123
   
Dominic’s worth in sharing such a role with Francis
124–132
   
but his sheep are so hungry for new food, the more scattered they become and the less milk they produce if they return; and they are few who keep to the fold
133–139
   
and that is why he said, “where sheep are fattened if they do not stray.” QED.
PARADISO XI

               
O foolish cares of mortals, how flawed   

   

               
are all the arguments that make you flap   

3
             
your wings in downward flight!   

               
One pursued the law, one the Hippocratic   

               
Aphorisms
, while yet another sought   

6
             
the priesthood, and another, rule by force or fraud,

               
one was set on plunder, one on the public weal,

               
one wearied himself in the toils of flesh

9
             
and its delights, another gave himself to idleness,

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