Parting the Waters (174 page)

“colony at Oak Bluff”:
Jet
, May 4, 1961, p. 63.

“You're the best weapon”: Int. John Doar, May 12, 1986.

Sheriff Claude Screws:
Screws
v.
United States of America
, 325 U.S. 91—161.

wore khaki pants: Int. John Doar, May 12, 1986; Lord,
The Past
, pp. 104—7.

assembly line for a-suits: Int. John Doar, May 12, 1986.

J. P. Majors: Garrow,
Protest
, p. 31.

address the annual convention: A/KS2. Letters praising the speech, which the UAW recorded and distributed as an album, are located in BUK6f119.

Eleven
BAPTISM ON WHEELS

Lewis missed his bus: Archie E. Allen interview of John Lewis, Feb. 14, 1969, AAP.

motley collection: Peck,
Ride
, p. 89.

Dance of 1933: Ibid., p. 30.

Golden Rule
: NYT, May 2, 1958, p. 1, and June 5, 1958, p. 38; Raines,
My Soul
, p. 118.

interested only three reporters: Int. Simeon Booker, Feb. 11, 1985.

“call me if there is”: Ibid. Also John Seigenthaler, CRDPOH.

Kennedy promptly forgot: RFK, JFKOH; Guthman,
Band
, p. 167; Marshall, JFKOH, p. 11.

signs still guarded:
Jet
, May 25, 1961, p. 10.

Walker's former church: Archie E. Allen interview of John Lewis, May 30, 1969, AAP.

passed through Farmville: Peck,
Ride
, p. 90.

“Western Nations Rejoice”: NYT, May 6, 1961, pp. 1, 11, 14.

for five weeks: Guthman,
Band
, p. 160.

“biggest percentage” to “We will move”: NYT, May 7, 1961, p. 62.

“resolute speech”: Ibid., p. 1.

Salinger announced: NYT, May 10, 1961, p. 1.

Vandiver was announcing: Ibid., p. 29.

“cactus bouquet”: NYT, May 11, 1961, p. 24.

Greyhound terminal at Rock Hill: Incident described in Peck,
Ride
, pp. 91—92; Raines,
My Soul
, pp. 117—18; Farmer,
Lay Bare
, p. 199; Viorst,
Fire
, pp. 143—44;
Jet
, May 25, 1961, p. 14; Archie E. Allen interview of John Lewis, Feb. 14, 1969, AAP.

SCLC board meeting:
Jet
, May 25, 1961, p. 8; Reddick to King, May 9, 1961, BUK7f39; Fauntroy to King, April 26, 1961, BUK8f10.

sent a telegram: Unlocated but referred to in Kennedy's reply to King, May 18, 1961, BUK1f48.

Shuttlesworth had just:
Jet
, June 1, 1961, p. 12.

all but decided: Int. Rev. Ralph D. Abernathy, Nov. 19, 1984.

dinner on Saturday night: Farmer,
Lay Bare
, p. 200; int. James Farmer, Nov. 18, 1983. Farmer was mildly annoyed that King did not offer to pick up the tab for dinner.

“You will never make it”: Int. Simeon Booker, Feb. 11, 1985.

“I can outrun”: Ibid.; Raines,
My Soul
, p. 119.

emergency phone call: Farmer,
Lay Bare
, pp. 200—201.

Perkins became group:
Jet
, May 25, 1961, p. 12.

plainclothes investigators: Ibid.; Patterson, JFKOH; Raines,
My Soul
, p. 120.

warning of a mob:
Jet
, May 25, 1961, p. 12.

“White Intrastate Passengers”: NYT, May 15, 1961, p. 22.

pounding on the bus: Greyhound burning from Peck,
Ride
, p. 96; Raines,
My Soul
, pp. 119ff;
Jet
, May 25, 1961, p. 12; NYT, May 15, 1961, p. 1; BN, May 15, 1961, p. 1; BW, May 17, 1961, p. 1; MA, May 15, 1961, p. 1.

Trailways bus pulled into Anniston:
Jet
, June 1, 1961, pp. 14ff; Peck,
Ride
, pp. 97ff; BN, May 15, 1961, p. 10.

Shuttlesworth had been telling: Shuttlesworth, CRDPOH; Meier and Rudwick,
CORE
, p. 137.

told his FBI handlers: Rowe,
Undercover
, pp. 38ff.

FBI's Birmingham office: FBI memos and Rowe Senate testimony cited in Corley, “Quest,” pp. 215ff.

SAC kept a record: SAC Birmingham to Director, airtel, May 12, 1961 (2:52
P.M.
), and airtel, May 13, 1961 (10:55
A.M.
), from FBI Gary Thomas Rowe file, #170-9-SF.

active collaborator: Informant report, April 25, 1961, FBI file BH 137-698-SF-42; SAC Birmingham to Director, airtel, and Letterhead Memorandum, May 5, 1961, FBI file #157-48; Kemp to SAC Birmingham, May 18, 1961, FBI file #170-9-SF, serial 4.

“only man on duty”: SAC Birmingham to Director, “Urgent” teletype, May 14, 1961 (9:12
P.M.
), FBI file 149-1684-[illegible].

Rev. John Rutland: Int. David Vann, Aug. 1, 1986.

Rowe learned by telephone: Rowe,
Undercover
, p. 42.

designated testers for Birmingham: Account of attack from
Jet
, June 1, 1961, pp. 14ff; Peck,
Ride
, pp. 98ff; NYT, May 15, 1961, p. 1, and May 17, 1961, p. 23; MA, May 15, 1961, p. 1; BN, May 15, 1961, p. 1; int. Simeon Booker, Feb. 11, 1985.

distress from Anniston: Raines,
My Soul
, pp. 121—22; Shuttlesworth, CRDPOH.

reached John Seigenthaler: Int. Simeon Booker, Feb. 11, 1985.

“day is coming”: MA, May 15, 1961, p. 1.

Peck answered questions: Peck,
Ride
, p. 99; BN, May 15, 1961, p. 10.

glorious Sunday picnic: Int. James Bevel, May 16, 1985, and Diane Nash Bevel, Feb. 20, 1985.

“keep talking nasty”: Int. James Bevel, May 16, 1985.

marathon debate: Ibid.; also Archie E. Allen interview of John Lewis, May 30, 1969, AAP.

“Where Were the Police?”: BN, May 15, 1961, p. 1.

businessman told: Corley, “Quest,” p. 216.

“eyewitness account”: NYT, May 15, 1961, p. 10.

superimpose that shot: Farmer,
Lay Bare
, p. 203.

In faraway Tokyo: Duard LeGrand lecture by David Vann, November 1978, Center for Urban Affairs, University of Alabama at Birmingham; int. David Vann, Aug. 1, 1986.

struck at ten o'clock:
Jet
, June 1, 1961, p. 20.

case of the mumps: Marshall to Charles Reich, May 3, 1961, Marshall Papers, JFK; Burke Marshall, JFKOH.

Kennedy quickly established: Birmingham siege of May 15 drawn from
Jet
, June 1, 1961, pp. 20—21; NYT, May 15, 1961, p. 1; Peck,
Ride
, p. 101; Farmer,
Lay Bare
, p. 203; Guthman,
Band
, pp. 167—68; Meier and Rudwick,
CORE
, p. 173; int. Simeon Booker, Feb. 11, 1985; John Seigenthaler, CRDPOH; Burke Marshall, JFKOH; John Patterson, JFKOH; Fred Shuttlesworth, CRDPOH; report of May 15 mass meeting, BIR/BC9f24.

preferred to be called: Burke Marshall, JFKOH, p. 5.

“You know Diane Nash”: John Seigenthaler, CRDPOH. Burke Marshall, in JFKOH, p. 13, recalled that he learned of Nash's plans from Seigenthaler, not the other way around, but chronology and the placement of people at the time favor Seigenthaler's memory.

consumed all of Tuesday: Archie E. Allen interview of John Lewis, May 30, 1969, AAP; int. Lewis, May 31, 1984; int. James Bevel, May 16, 1985; Viorst,
Fire
, p. 149.

“Young lady”: Fred Shuttlesworth, CRDPOH; int. James Bevel, May 16, 1985; Morris,
Origins
, p. 232.

Bevel first chose: Int. James Bevel, May 16, 1985; Archie E. Allen interview of John Lewis, AAP.

Monday's siege: Forman,
The Making
, pp. 150ff; John Lewis, A/OH; Archie E. Allen interview of Lewis, AAP; MA, May 18, 1961, p. 1; NYT, May 18, 1961, p. 27.

President in his pajamas: Breakfast meeting primarily from Burke Marshall, May 29, 1964, JFKOH. Also John Seigenthaler, CRDPOH; John Patterson, JFKOH; NYT, May 19, 1961, p. 17.

Khrushchev in Vienna: MA, May 15, 1961, p. 1; NYT, May 17, 1961, p. 1.

“couldn't stand their singing”: Burke Marshall, JFKOH.

Lewis sat behind Bull: Ardmore journey drawn from John Lewis, A/OH; Archie E. Allen interview of Lewis, May 30, 1969, AAP; Forman,
The Making
, pp. 150ff; Viorst,
Fire
, pp. 150ff.

“Many thanks to you”: RFK to King, May 18, 1961, BUK1f48.

“We do not wish”: Marshall to Earl James, May 19, 1961, Marshall Papers, Box 1, JFK.

achieved bulletin status: Forman,
The Making
, p. 153; John Lewis, A/OH; int. Lewis, May 31, 1984.

third attempt to move: NYT, May 20, 1961, p. 18; MA, May 20, 1961, p. 1; Grant,
Black Protest
, p. 323; Forman,
The Making
, p. 153.

“President Can't Reach”: NYT, May 20, 1961, p. 1.

“speeches at me, John”: RFK and Marshall, JFKOH, p. 559; John Patterson, JFKOH.

“Glad to see you”: John Seigenthaler, CRDPOH.

“given me this statement”: Ibid. Also MA, May 20, 1961, p. 1; NYT, May 21, 1961, p. 78; Guthman,
Band
, p. 170.

obtained from Montgomery's: MA, May 20, 1961, p. 1.

“one life to give”: Grant,
Black Protest
, p. 323. Also Archie E. Allen interview of John Lewis, AAP; Lewis, A/OH; Raines,
My Soul
, p. 126; Viorst,
Fire
, p. 151. Lewis puts the driver's declaration at a different time during the Birmingham siege.

“touch with Mr. Greyhound”: Schlesinger Jr.,
Robert Kennedy
, p. 318.

“I never recovered”: RFK, JFKOH, pp. 566—67.

Finally, without warning: Grant,
Black Protest
, pp. 318, 323.

not believe a word: Burke Marshall, JFKOH, p. 18; Guthman,
Band
, p. 170; NYT, May 21, 1961, p. 78.

Seigenthaler finished breakfast: Seigenthaler, CRDPOH, pp. 38ff.

ordered Doar to stay clear: Int. John Doar, May 12, 1986.

“It doesn't look right”: Raines,
My Soul
, p. 128.

“Let's all stand together”: Forman,
The Making
, pp. 154ff. May 20 Montgomery riot drawn heavily from Stuart Loory's eyewitness account in the New York
Herald Tribune
, May 21, 1961, reprinted in Grant,
Black Protest
, pp. 318ff. Also from John Seigenthaler, CRDPOH; Burke Marshall, JFKOH; John Patterson, JFKOH; John Lewis, A/OH; Archie E. Allen interview of Lewis, May 30, 1969, AAP; Guthman,
Band
, pp. 170—71; Navasky,
Justice
, p. 124; Durr,
Outside
, p. 298; NYT, May 21 and 22, 1961; MA, May 21, 1961; ADW, May 21, 1961; secretary's notes of Doar phone report of May 20, 1961, Ed Guthman Papers.

Twelve
THE SUMMER OF FREEDOM RIDES

“How are you doing?”: John Seigenthaler, CRDPOH.

rumbling ominously: NYT, May 21, 1961, pp. 78—79; MA, May 21, 1961, p. 1, and May 22, 1961, p. 1.

Farmer ordered: Farmer,
Lay Bare
, p. 204.

then accepted Doar's: NYT, May 22, 1961, p. 1; int. John Doar, May 12, 1986.

about fifty of them: John Patterson, JFKOH.

“don't need your marshals”: NYT, May 22, 1961, p. 26; MA, May 22, 1961, pp. 1, 2; Guthman,
Band
, pp. 172—73.

hiding in the basement: Forman,
The Making
, p. 155.

White called Washington: Raines,
My Soul
, p. 342.

began trickling into: Montgomery siege of May 21 drawn from interviews with John Lewis, May 31, 1984; Diane Nash Bevel, Feb. 20, 1985; James Bevel, May 16, 1985; William Beasley, Dec. 20, 1983; Bernard Lee, June 19, 1985; James Farmer, Nov. 18, 1983; Rev. Ralph D. Abernathy, Nov. 19, 1984; Rev. Wyatt Tee Walker, Aug. 20, 1984; Edwin Guthman, June 26, 1984; Archie E. Allen interview of John Lewis, May 30, 1969, AAP; Lewis, CRDPOH; Lewis, A/OH; John Patterson, JFKOH; RFK and Burke Marshall, JFKOH; Marshall, JFKOH; William Orrick, JFKOH; Shuttlesworth mass meeting of May 22, 1961, BIR/BC9f14; Forman,
The Making
, pp. 155—56; Guthman,
Band
, pp. 175—78; Raines,
My Soul
, pp. 128ff, 334ff; Navasky,
Justice
, pp. 24, 124—25; Farmer,
Lay Bare
, pp. 204—7; Schlesinger Jr.,
Robert Kennedy
, pp. 320—21; Viorst,
Fire
, pp. 153ff; Meier and Rudwick,
CORE
, pp. 138—39; NYT, May 22, 1961; MA, May 22, 1961.