Passing Strange (57 page)

60
CK to HA, 11 May 1894, Adams Papers, MHS.

61
Ibid.

62
CK to JH, 16 May 1894, Hay Collection, Brown.

63
Ibid.

64
HA to Sir Robert Cunliffe, 21 June 1894,
Letters of Henry Adams,
4:195; CK to HA, 12 June 1894, Adams Papers, MHS.

65
“Two Shots, Close Range: Murder at Park Avenue and Skillman Street,”
Brooklyn Daily Eagle,
May 31, 1894, 1.

66
JH to Clara Stone Hay, 28 July 1894,
Letters of John Hay,
2:308; HA to Elizabeth Cameron, 29 July 1894,
Letters of Henry Adams,
4:206.

67
CK to HA, 22 July 1894, Adams Papers, MHS.

68
CK to JH, 30 Aug. 1894, Hay Collection, Brown.

69
HA to Elizabeth Cameron, 25 Sept. 1894,
Letters of Henry Adams,
4:211; HA to JH, 26 Sept. 1894, ibid., 214.

70
JH to HA, 10 Oct. 1894,
Letters of John Hay,
2:336; HA to Elizabeth Cameron, 2 Oct. 1894,
Letters of Henry Adams,
4:218.

71
CK to HA, 21 Nov. 1894; CK to HA, 26 Nov. 1894, Adams Papers, MHS.

72
CK to HA, 29 Dec. 1894, Adams Papers, MHS. King writes about his plan to spend Christmas in Newport in a letter to S. F. Emmons, [Dec. 1894], Clarence King Papers, APS.

73
“To Release William H. King,”
New York Times,
Aug. 30, 1893, 2. “An Unsolved Mystery,”
National Police Gazette,
Jan. 26, 1895, 6; “William H. King Is Dead,”
New York Times,
Mar. 7, 1897, 3; “Says She Is King’s Child,”
New York Times,
Dec. 2, 1894, 1; “Sensations in the King Case,”
Chicago Daily Tribune,
Dec. 30, 1894, 7.

74
“Says She Is King’s Child,” 1.

75
“Fight for the King Fortune,”
New York Times,
July 10, 1898, 10.

76
JH to HA, 14 June 1895,
Letters of John Hay,
2:355.

77
Ibid., 3 Sept. 1895, 361.

78
CK to HA, 13 Nov. 1895, Adams Papers, MHS.

79
HA to JH, 14 Nov. 1895, in Cater,
Henry Adams and His Friends,
351.

80
CK to HA, 28 Nov. 1895, Adams Papers, MHS.

81
CK to JH, 14 Nov. 1895, Hay Collection, Brown.

82
CK to HA, 28 Nov. 1895, Adams Papers, MHS.

83
“London Men Are on the Ground,”
Chicago Daily Tribune,
Dec. 20, 1895, 5.

84
“Scientist’s Letters Reveal His Love for Colored Wife,” 8.

85
“London Men Are on the Ground,” 5; HA to Sir Robert Cunliffe, 17 Feb. 1896,
Letters of Henry Adams,
4:373; HA to Anne Palmer Fell, 22 Dec. 1896,
Letters of Henry Adams,
4:441.

86
HA to Charles Milnes Gaskell, 4 Jan. 1897,
Letters of Henry Adams,
4:446.

87
Adams, “King,” in Hague,
Memoirs,
184-85. King’s letter, included in the Adams Papers, MHS, is undated.

88
“ ‘Bloods’ Hid Scion’s Love for Negress,”
New York Daily Mirror,
Nov. 22, 1933, 9.

89
Darby Richardson, ed.,
Illustrated Flushing and Vicinity
(New York: Business Men’s Association of Flushing, 1917), 16, 25; George Von Skal,
Illustrated History of the Borough of Queens, New York City
(New York: F. T. Smiley, 1908), 23, 63, 74-75;
Atlas of the Borough of Queens: City of New York,
vol. 3 (Brooklyn Borough: E. Belcher Hyde, 1904), plate 5. A photograph of the mansion at 42 North Prince Street is included in “Photographic Views of New York City, 1870s-1970s” (“Queens: Prince Street-35th Avenue,” digital image ID 727693F), in the New York Public Library Digital Gallery,
http://digitalgallery.nypl.org/nypldigital/dgkeysearchdetail.cfm?trg=1&strucID=417509&imageID=727693F&word=prince%20street%20queens
&s=1¬word= &d =&c=&f=&lWord=&lField=&sScope=&sLevel=&sLabel=&total=26&num=12&imgs= 12&pNum=&pos=14#(accessed Aug. 19, 2007). The Todd family is listed as living at the Prince Street residence in
Trow’s Business and Residential Directory of the Borough of Queens City of New York
(New York: Trow Directory, Printing & Bookbinding, 1898). But Wallace [Todd] King’s World War I draft registration and military records note that he was born in Flushing on April 26, 1897. Thus the family likely moved to Prince Street sometime before that date. See World War I Military Service Record for Wallace A. King (U.S. Army serial no. 4 135 642), New York State Archives, and World War I draft registration card for Wallace Archer King (Local Board Division 185, City and State of New York, registration no. 60),
http://content.ancestrylibrary.com/
iexec /default.aspx?htx=View&r=5542&dbid=6482&iid=NY-1818488-2698&fn= Wallace+Archer&ln=King&st=r&ssrc=&pid=1644001 (accessed May 4, 2004). On the number of rooms in the house, see “Widow Tells of Ceremony and Children,” 2. On the lot size, see “In the Real Estate Field,”
New York Times,
Aug. 17, 1898, 10.

90
Trow’s Business and Residential Directory of Queens
(1898), 1:60.

91
Description of block compiled from
Trow’s Business and Residential Directory of Queens
(1898) and the 1900 U.S. Federal Census. The James Todd on South Prince Street is listed in
Trow’s,
60. On the racial breakdown of Queens in 1900, see
Census Reports,
vol. 1,
Twelfth Census of the United States, Taken in the Year 1900: Population, Part 1
(Washington, DC: United States Census Office, 1901), 631. On a music teacher for the Todd children, see “Negro Woman Sues as Widow of Millionaire,”
New York American,
Nov. 21, 1933, 2.

92
For Wallace’s birth date, see his World War I draft registration card (n. 89 above). On the weather, see “The Weather,”
New York Times,
Apr. 27, 1897, 1.

93
“All Honor to Grant,”
New York Times,
Apr. 27, 1897, 1; National Park Service Web site for General Grant National Memorial,
http://www.nps.gov/gegr/
(accessed Aug. 8, 2007).

94
Eleanor and Marian Hague, as cited in Wilkins,
King,
384.

95
“Joseph Meets Old Foes,”
New York Times,
Apr. 27, 1897, 1.

96
Arizona Weekly Journal,
May 12, 1897, 3, and July 28, 1897, 3.

97
Wilkins,
King,
403.

98
“Clarence King’s Views: The Mining Engineer Preparing an Expedition to the New Region,”
New York Times,
Aug. 7, 1897, 3; “Opening of a Mining Era: Sanguine Views of Clarence King, a Former Chief of the Geological Survey,”
Chicago Daily Tribune,
Sept. 7, 1897, 3.

99
CK to JH, Dec. 1897, Hay Collection, Brown.

100
JH to HA, 27 Dec. 1897,
Letters of John Hay,
3:106.

101
Wilkins,
King,
404-5; Alexander R. Becker to S. F. Emmons, 23 June 1902, box 12, S. F. Emmons Papers, LC; “The President Dines with Mr. Hay,”
New York Times,
Jan. 14, 1900, 13.

102
Letter from Butte quoted in “ ‘Bloods’ Hid Scion’s Love,” 3, 9.

103
Alexander R. Becker to S. F. Emmons, 23 June 1902, box 12, S. F. Emmons Papers, LC.

104
Ibid.

105
See the entries for Phoebe Martin and Clarine Eldridge in 1900 U.S. Federal Census, Borough of Queens, Queens County, NY, SD 2, ED 665, sheet 4,
http://content.ancestrylibrary.com/iexec/?htx=View&r=5542&dbid=7602&iid=NY
T623_1149-0204 & fn=Ada& ln=Todd& st=r&ssrc=&pid=56465284 (accessed Aug. 18, 2007). “Phebe Martin,” the widow of Jackson T. Martin, is noted as residing at 149 West Twenty-fourth Street in the 1890
Trow’s City Directory for New York,
Ancestry.com
(accessed Dec. 3, 2004).

106
“Widow Tells of Ceremony and Children,” 1-2; “Negro Woman Sues,” 2.

107
Roi Ottley and William J. Weatherby, eds.,
The Negro in New York: An Informal Social History
(New York: New York Public Library and Oceana Publications, 1967), 134.

108
“Mammy Bares Life,” 3-4.

109
“Widow Tells of Ceremony and Children,” 2.

110
“ ‘Bloods’ Hid Scion’s Love,” 9.

111
Plaintiff’s Trial Memorandum, 163.

112
“Facts from Flushing,”
New York Age,
Jan. 4, 1900, 3.

113
Ottley and Weatherby,
Negro in New York,
134-35.

114
“Facts from Flushing,” 3.

 

CHAPTER 8: ENDINGS

1
Brown recorded the data for his own household a few days after he called on the Todds. See Twelfth Census of the United States, New York, Queens, SD 2, ED 665, sheet 10B,
http://content.ancestrylibrary.com
/ Browse / View.aspx?dbid =7602&path=New+York.Queens .Queens+Ward+3.665.20 (accessed Aug. 1, 2007). All forty-four of the census sheets he filled out for his enumeration district, number 665, are accessible at
http://content.ancestrylibrary.com/Browse/view.aspx?dbid=7602&
iid=NYT623_1149-0197. For details on the census-taking process, see “Census Locally Important,”
Brooklyn Daily Eagle,
Mar. 8, 1900, 13; “Census Enumerators Making the Rounds,”
Brooklyn Daily Eagle,
June 1, 1900, 1; “Polite Census Takers,”
New York Tribune,
June 8, 1900, 6; “Police to Aid Census Takers,”
New York Tribune,
May 31, 1900, 7.

2
The school year would not end until June 29, 1900. “Queens Borough Schools,”
Brooklyn Daily Eagle,
May 16, 1900, 13.

3
“No School Exclusion for Negro Children,”
Brooklyn Daily Eagle,
Mar. 30, 1900, 3; “Wallace Will Win His Case: Defeated in the Courts He Asks Legislature to Abolish Colored Schools,”
Brooklyn Daily Eagle,
Apr. 2, 1900, 13; “Negro Teachers for Whites: First Effect of the Law Will Be Felt in the Opening of the Schools,”
Brooklyn Daily Eagle,
Sept. 7, 1900, 8.

4
The Todd household is recorded on the 1900 U.S. Federal Census, Borough of Queens, Queens County, NY, SD 2, ED 665, sheet 4B,
http://content.ancestrylibrary.com/Browse/View.aspx?dbid=7602&path=New
+York.Queens.Queens+Ward+3.665.8 (accessed Aug. 1, 2007).

5
Martha Hodes, “Fractions and Fictions in the United States Census of 1890,” in
Haunted by Empire: Geographies of Intimacy in North American History,
ed. Ann Laura Stoler (Durham, NC, and London: Duke University Press, 2006), 240-70; David Theo Goldberg,
Racial Subjects: Writing on Race in America
(New York: Routledge, 1997), 36-41.

6
Henry Gannett, “The Average American,”
Everybody’s Magazine
5, no. 25 (Sept. 1901): 318 (citation courtesy of Jean-Christophe Agnew); N. H. Darnton, “Memoir of Henry Gannett,”
Annals of the Association of American Geographers
7 (1917): 68-70.

7
“Twelve Numerators Weary of the Census,”
Brooklyn Daily Eagle,
June 2, 1900, 6.

8
See the entry for James Todd, 1900 U.S. Federal Census.

9
Bronson,
Reminiscences,
326; CK to George F. Becker, 31 Dec. [1893], cited in Wilkins,
King,
169.

10
CK to HA, 29 Apr. 1895, Adams Papers, MHS.

11
A search of the 1850 and 1860 census records accessible through
Ancestry.com
reveals just two black West Indians living in Newport in 1850, five in 1860.

12
Wilkins,
King,
6.

13
On the changing legal and social perceptions of mixed-race Americans, see Williamson,
New People.

14
Mangum,
Legal Status of the Negro,
2-13. There is a large body of writing about
Plessy v. Ferguson.
For a useful introduction, see
Plessy v. Ferguson: A Brief History with Documents,
ed. and with an introduction by Brook Thomas (Boston: Bedford Books, 1997).

15
Cited in Martha Hodes, “The Mercurial Nature and Abiding Power of Race: A Transnational Love Story,”
American Historical Review
(Feb. 2003): 106.

16
Hodes’s wonderful essay “The Mercurial Nature and Abiding Power of Race” offers an illuminating discussion of the ways in which race and complexion could be understood differently in late-nineteenth-century Jamaica and Massachusetts as interpreted through the “lived experience” of one family. See also her book
The Sea Captain’s Wife: A True Story of Love, Race and War in the Nineteenth Century
(New York: W. W. Norton, 2006).

17
“Mulattoes Not Negroes,”
Brooklyn Daily Eagle,
Dec. 5, 1902, 18.

18
The Statistics of the Population of the United States Embracing the Tables of Race, Nationality, Sex Selected Ages, and Occupations
. . .
from the Original Returns of the Ninth Census
(Washington, DC: GPO, 1872), 391.

19
Sacks, “ ‘We Cry,’ ” 40.

20
Twelfth Census of the United States: Population, Part I,
803. This figure excludes immigrants from Cuba and Puerto Rico.

21
Ottley and Weatherby,
Negro in New York,
192; Sacks, “ ‘We Cry,’ ” 40-42, 55-56; Johnson,
Along This Way,
65.

22
Ovington,
Half a Man,
212.

23
Ottley and Weatherby,
Negro in New York,
192.

24
Davis R. Dewey,
Employees and Wages
[Special Report of the Twelfth Census of the United States, 1900] (Washington, DC: United States Census Office, 1903), 672-73; David Brody,
Steelworkers in America: The Nonunion Era
(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1960), 46.