Persian Fire (80 page)

Index

Abronichus, 269,281

Abydos, 242-3

Achaemenids, 12,35,50

Achilles, 261, 262,268

Acropolis, 102, 109, 111-12,253; and the

Alcmaeonids, 117; Athena's olive tree, 219;

bronze chariot, 139; congress of Greeks, 366;

desecration and burning by Xerxes, 305—6,309;

rebuilding. 367-8; serpent, 111,300; statue of

Athena. 365; threat of destruction bv Xerxes,

242;tombofErechtheus, 101. 102

Adeimantus, 302, 303; sneered at Themistocles,

m

Aegean, 177, 183, 228,362

Aegina, 234, 255,355; and Athens, 162-3,166.221, 226, 365; Greek fleet assembled at, 335; and Sparta, 179

Aeschylus, 359;
The Persians,
360, 391

Africa, 25,61,230

Agamemnon, 73, 75, 241, 261

Agora, 139-40, 153,216

Ahura Mazda, 32,34,35-^; and Darius, 37,38,46,

55; and Xerxes, 208,238,361 Ajax, 103 Akkad.42,43,49 Alcmaeon, 115

Alcmaeonids. 13, 115-19, 164, 190,215-16 Alexander I, King of Macedon, 178, 286, 336, 337

Alexander HI, 'The Great', 372 Alopeke,219 Ameinias, 324-5 Amesha Spentas, 34.37-8 Amompharetus, 349. 350 Anshan,9, 12, 49,376 Anthesteria, 296-7

Apollo, 79, 183-4; ambiguity of prophecies, 307; consulted by Athens, 249-50; consulted by Sparta, 246—7; oracle at Delphi, 90—5; priests of, 148-9

Apothetae (Dumping Ground), 81 Arabs. 99 Aral Sea, 17

Argos, 99, 100, 102; claim to kinship with Persians, 168—9; contact with Mardonius, 334; Persian threat, 227, 245-6; and Sparta, 73-5, 76,77,129, 245-6

Aristagoras, 154-5. 157-62

Aristeides, 315,326,335,342,366; battle of Plataea,

345, 350; character, 218-19; command of the land forces, 335,338,389; exile, 222; Themistocles' rival, 218, 221, 248

Aristodemus, 340-1, 342,352-3

Aristogiton, 126-7; statue in Agora, 139-40

Armenia, 6

armour, 193

army, 211-12, 236,237

Arta (Truth), 32,33,34,306

Artaphernes, 27, 28,30, 142, 379; and Aristagoras, 154, 155, 157; attack by Athens, 160; attack on Miletus, 167-8; attack on Naxos, 154-5; bringing order to Ionia, 176—7; and Hipparchus, 163; and Histiaeus. 175-6; power over Ionia, 149-50,160,176; ruler of Sardis, 144; tolerance of Lydian customs, 146-7

Artaphernes (the younger), 182, 197

Artemis, 79, 183, 265, 352

Artemisia, Queen of Halicarnassus, 297, 308-9, 324

Artemisium. 265, 266. 271. 273,276, 279. 280 Artystone, 53

Aryans, 5,9,11-12,17,375; religion, 34 Ashur, 4

Asia, 65,148; and Europe, 233,356, 362 Asopus, 284, 289, 339, 344,347 Assyrians, 4, 211; and Babylon, 40; cruelty to defeated enemies, 12; tributes of horses, 5 astrology, 43

Astyages, 6—7, 7—8, 376; betrayal by Harpagus, 11;

capture by Cyrus, 10, 12; dreams, 8, 9-10;

ordered murder of grandson, 10 Ataturk, 362 Areopagus, 304

Athena, 101, 109, 111,118, 219; Athena Polias, 116;

and Odysseus, 268-9; offered sacrifice by

Xerxes, 242 Athens, 90, 98; Agora, 139-40, 153, 216;

Alcmaeonids, 13, 115-19,164, 190,215-16;

alliance with Persia, 141—2; Anthesteria, 296—7;

armada to Egypt and Cyprus, 363; assault on

Persia, 159-60; Assembly, 108, 109, 134, 215, 221;

Boutads, 115-16,117,118,135; business, 104-5;

ceramics, 111; Ceramicus, 111, 126, 299; City

Dionysia, 125, 170,359; and Cleomenes, 129-30,

132-3, 136-8, 158-9; coinage, 104, 125;

consulting the Oracle, 249—52; and Darius,

King of Persia, 141-2,159-62,170, 177-5;

democracv, 131—8, 164, 214-15; destruction by

Xerxes, 303-6; division into 'demes', 135-6; Dog's Tail, 190, 192; equality, 134; Eupatrids, 103, 107, 131, 135, 164; evacuation, 297, 299-302; exile (ostracism), 216-17, 221-2, 390; exiles summoned back, 254—5; faction rivalries, 215-16; fleet sent to Euboea, 255, 257-8; freedom, 138, 139-10, 201; games, 112, 113; good govenrnance
(etmomia),
107, 108; Great Panathenaea, 112, 116, 261,385; hegemony of, 366-7; luxury, 104; Lycurgus, 115-16,117,119, 261; map, 123; merchant fleet, 166; money, 125; origins, 100; pardoning of debts, 106; Parthenon, 368; Persia as national enemy, 363; Persian invasion: attack led by Datis, 182, 185—6, 186—91; Persian invasion: danger of panic, 186,189; Persian invasion: plans to attack invaders, 187-8; Persian invasion: request for Spartan aid, 188-9; Persian invasion: threat, 167,171-2, 177-8, 221-2, 223; Persian invasion: victory at Marathon, 195—8; Persian invasion under Xerxes
see
Xerxes, invasion ofGreece; Philaids, 303,124,131, 216; Pisistratids, 103,119,122,124,129, 136,214,216; the poor, 106-7,108; religion, 111,112; the rich, 108; rural poverty, 105, 106; 'Sacred Way', 137; sculpture, 111, 139, 365; seamanship, 223; seapower, 163,166, 217-18, 221,222-3; silver mining, 220-1; society, 103,104; Solon, 106-7, 114, 117, 298; statues of Harmodius and Aristogiton, 139—40; temple of Athena Polias, 253,300, 385; temple of Poseidon, 219-20; temple of Zeus, 122, 124,139, 214; and Thebes, 128, 137, 138-9; tomb for the war dead, 199—200; war with Aegina, 162—3; war with Megara, 105; war for Salamis, 107, 108, 116; women, 298—9,
see also
Acropolis; Cleisthenes; Hipparchus; Hippias; Isagoras; Miltiades; Pisistratus; Themistocles Athos peninsula, 221; canal for Persian fleet, 213, 214

Atlantic, 230 Atossa,21,26,53,206

Attica, 98, 100, 101, 136; fear of starvation, 121; map, 110; threat from Persian fleet, 183, 184

Babylon, 38, 287,327; and Akkad, 42; astrology,

43; business, 45; capture by Darius, 46—9;

capture of Jerusalem, 40, 41; chaos, fear of, 48;

and Cyrus, 41, 44, 45, 47, 50; Etemenanki, 49;

foundation digging and brick making, 59;

origins, 39—40; power of, 40—1; Processional

Way, 48, 49; religion, 43-5; size and

fortifications, 46—7 Bactria, 17,21,182,237 bankers, 45-6, 60 barbarians, 140, 201

Bardiya, 21, 22, 24-5, 51, 206, 377-8; accession to the throne, 26; conspiracy led by Darius, 26-30; death of, 30-2, 379

Basra, 202

Bisitun, 37, 54; relief carving of Darius, 54-5 Black Sea, 151

Boeotia, 98, 102, 263, 339, 342; news of Mardonius'

defeat, 357 Boutads, 115-16, 117, 118, 135 business, 45, 104—5 Byblos, 229

Callidromus, 265, 276, 284,288

Callimachus, 187, 192-3, 197

Cambyses, 21, 45, 204, 206, 234, 361,377; acccident and death, 26,378; attitude to foreign gods, 23-4; invasion of Egypt, 22—3; pharaoh in Egypt, 23-4; plot to overthrow him, 25-6; reputation for cruelty, 24

cannibalism, 351

Caria, 297,363; battle of Salamis, 321

Carmenia, 287

Carneia, 188, 257,388

Carthage, 230, 233, 234

Caryae, 245,334

ceramics, 111

Chalcis, 137, 267, 268

chaos, 48

Chersonese, 120,124, 152

children, 81-5,204-5