Petrarch (117 page)
Authors: Mark Musa
Labyrinth, symbolism of,
643
Lactantius (Church Father),
629
Language: development of poetic in
Canzoniere
,
xxvii–xxxiv
; ancient Latin and vernacular Italian in Sonnet 40,
549
; structure of in Canzone 125,
594–95
; St. Augustine’s theory of inadequacy of to express desire,
595
; and metaphor in Canzone 128,
600
; Virgil and bucolic style of in Sonnet 162,
620
; love poetry in vernacular,
621
; scatalogical subtext in Sonnet 227,
649
; power of in Dante,
665
; vulgarity of in Sonnet 301,
687
.
See also
Alliteration
;
Elision
;
Metaphors
;
Sibilants
Lanyi, Gabriel,
601
Latini, Brunetto,
655
Laura: site of Petrarch’s first encounter with,
xvi–xvii
; as real woman,
xvii
—xviii; compared to Dante’s Beatrice,
xviii
,
xxi
,
617
,
676
; examination of role of in well-known poems,
xviii–xix
,
629
; as three-sided persona,
xx
; and aspects of madonna,
xxvi
,
xxxiii
; Petrarch’s rendering of death of,
xxxiii
,
xxxiv
,
670
,
697
; birth of compared to coming of Christ,
523
; plays on name of,
523–24
; and mathematical perfection,
527
; Petrarch’s projection of guilt onto,
530
; as symbol of peace,
631
; comparison of to tragic female figures of history,
664–65
; death of and subdivisions of
Canzoniere
,
666–67
; death of and chronology of poems in
Canzoniere
,
669–70
; exact date of death of,
706
; Beatific Vision and image of in Sonnet 342,
709
Leopardi, Giacomo,
531
,
542
,
555
,
576
,
618
,
634
,
657
,
663
,
691
,
710
Literature: Petrarch’s influence on Western,
xiii
; Petrarch’s use of themes from past,
xxii–xxiv
; Petrarch’s divergence from grand tradition of,
xxix
,
xxxiv
Love: Eros and guises of,
522
; comic struggle of styles of in Sonnets
67
–69,
562
; imagery of in Sonnet 75,
570
; connection with death in Sonnet 296,
685
.
See also
Laura
Macaulay, Thomas,
724
Madonna: Laura and aspects of,
xxvi
,
xxxiii
; use of term as lover’s endearment,
529
; Canzone 366 as hymn to,
723
Madrigal,
555
Marathon, battle of,
541
Marius (Roman consul),
600
Martini, Simone,
571
Martyrdom, use of term,
529
Mary, Canzone 366 as hymn to,
723
Mary Magdalene, and image of weeping lady,
617
Menippean satires, Petrarch and tradition of,
xv–xvi
Metamorphoses, in Canzone 23,
532
,
534
,
535
.
See also
Ovid
Metaphors: and Petrarch’s exploration of poetic language,
xxxiii
; doubling of in Sonnet 40,
549
; and language in Canzone 128,
600
.
See also
Language
Metaphysics, Petrarch’s creation of in last sonnet cycle,
xxxiv
.
See also
Theology
Milon, Pierre,
524
Monarchy, and political satire in Petrarch,
xvi
Muratori, Lodovico,
677
Mysticism, in last sonnet cycle,
xxxiv
Naples, Petrarch as ambassador to,
592
Necromancy, Petrarch and accusations of,
695
Neptune, myth of,
549
Neri, St. Philip,
711
Numerology, medieval, allusions to,
xxx
,
543
,
550
Oedipus, myth of,
665
Orso dell’Anguillara,
580
Ovid: influence on Petrarch,
xiv
; Petrarch’s
Canzoniere
compared to
Metamorphoses
,
xvii
,
xxvi
; as source for Petrarch,
521
,
524
,
535
,
545
,
551
,
624
,
672
,
673
,
691
,
704
; allusions to works of in
Canzoniere
,
533
,
542
,
553
,
561
,
576
,
603
,
604
,
635
,
646
,
668
,
678
; on epic poetry of Ennius,
630
Palinodie poems, mixed style of,
xxiv
Pandolfo Malatesta of Rimini,
582
Papacy: and political satire in Petrarch,
xvi
; Petrarch’s attacks on in poems of
Canzoniere
,
xxxi
,
581
,
607
,
608
,
609
,
705
Pasiphaë, myth of,
643
Passion of Christ, date of,
522
Peire Cardenal,
725
Peire de Corbiac,
725
Personality, construction of in Petrarch’s writings,
xx–xxii
Petrarch: conditions in Italy during last months of life of,
xi
; influence of on Western literature,
xiii
; site of first encounter with Laura,
xvi–xvii
; Laura as real woman,
xvii–xviii
; construction of persona in writings of,
xx–xxii
; prominent themes drawn from literary past,
xxii–xxiv
; gravity and humor in sonnets of,
xxiv–xxv
; death as theme of later poems of,
xxv
; vision of heaven,
xxvi
.
See also
Canzoniere
;
Laura; specific poems
Phaeton, myth of,
533
Philip of Macedon,
651
Philomena, myth of,
691
Phoenix, image of,
605
,
629
,
642
,
695
,
696
Pier della Vigna,
584
Plato:
Republic
compared to
Canzoniere
,
xxi
; description of human soul,
524
,
633
; Dante and imagery of,
544
; as source for Petrarch,
566
,
622
; references to in
Canzoniere
,
568
,
618
Pliny,
571
,
600
,
606
,
632–33
,
651
,
706
Plotinus,
671
Poet laureate, coronation of Petrarch as in 1341,
581
,
586
Politics: Petrarch and tradition of Menippean satires,
xv–xvi
; Black and White factions in Italian,
578
; Canzone 128 as plea to warring factions in Italy,
599–601
; White party assault on Florence,
625
.
See also
Italy
;
Papacy
Polyclitus,
571
Provençal love poetry, as influence on Petrarch,
547
,
560
Psalms, Book of,
573
Ptolemy,
606
Punctuation: seventeenth-century debate on Sonnet 208 and,
641
Pygmalion, myth of,
571
Pythagoras,
568
Rawski, Conrad M.,
xiii
Rénard d’Anjou (King),
577
Revelation, reference to events of,
634
Rhyme scheme: of Sonnet 13,
527
; of Sonnet 18,
529
; of Canzone 29,
541
, of Sonnet
41,
549
; of Sonnet 56,
558
; of Sonnet 79,
571
; of Sonnet 94,
578
; of Sonnet 100,
581
; of Sonnet 125 and Canzone 126,
596
; of Canzone 135,
605
; of Sestina 142,
610
; of Sonnet 166,
621
; of Canzone 206,
638
; of Sonnets 210–211,
642
; of Sonnet 279,
677
; of Sonnet 295,
684
; of Sonnet 318,
694
; of Sonnet 326,
700
Rome, politics and history of in Canzone 53,
555–57. See also
Papacy
St. Clare’s Church, as site of Petrarch’s first sight of Laura,
xvii
,
xviii
,
522
Salamander, image of,
640
Salvini, Anton Maria,
560
Satire: breadth of in
Canzoniere
,
xiii
; Petrarch and tradition of Menippean,
xv–xvi
.
See also
Humor
Savelli family,
556
Selene, myth of,
654
Self, reference to as subject,
521
Sennuccio del Bene: love of Laura’s female companion,
579
; sonnets of
Canzoniere
addressed to,
586
,
588
,
612
,
680
,
683
; sonnet written in response to Sonnet 266,
669
; and first version of Canzone 268,
671
Sestina, form of,
530–31
Sibilants: in Sonnet 132,
604
; in Canzone 206,
639
.
See also
Alliteration
;
Elision
Simony, Petrarch on fraudulent practices of papacy,
608
,
609
Song of Songs,
724
Sonnet.
See
Chronology
,
Dating
,
Language
Stramazzo da Perugia,
536
Style: mixed character of in
Canzoniere
,
xxiv
; and chronological order of poems in
Canzoniere
,
xxv
; as illustration of bewilderment in Sonnet 277,
676
Tasso, Torquato,
607
Tassoni, Alessandro,
604
,
656
,
657
,
664
,
688
,
716
Terza rima
, and form of madrigal,
555
Theology, of Canzone 366,
723–24
,
728
Thermopylae, battle of,
541
Thomas Aquinas, St.,
595
Tree of Life, image of,
718
Tuscan love poetry, references to,
564
Tusculum family,
556
Ubaldini, Petruccio,
561
Ulysses, myth of,
682
Valentinianus (Roman emperor),
652
Varro,
xv
Vaucluse: Petrarch’s residence in,
xvi
; geography of,
590
Veil, symbolism of,
526
Vellutello,
561
,
572
,
591
,
654
,
724
Ventadorn, Bernard de,
528
,
542
,
547
Virgil: and Petrarch’s use of language,
xxxii
,
620
; Underworld in
Aeneid
,
531
; on memory,
533
; allusions to works of in
Canzoniere
,
537
,
539
,
542
,
553
,
576
,
628
,
630
,
631
Virtue, and Glory as personae of canzone,
591
Voyage of St. Brendan
,
607
Waller, Marguerite R.,
532
Wilkins, Ernest Hatch: dating and chronology of individual poems in
Canzoniere
,
ix–x
,
521
,
545
,
555
,
596
,
603
,
607
,
627
,
641
,
697
,
722
; on medieval academic graduation ceremony,
536
; on reworking of Canzone 73,
568
; on placement of Sonnet 199,
636
; on blank pages in Vatican manuscript 3195,
666
William of St. Gregory,
564
Xerxes I, of Persia,
540
Yates, Frances,
xxi
Zeus, myth of,
606
Zingarelli, Nicola: edition of
Canzoniere
by as source,
ix
,
x
,
577
; on Canzone 37 as foundation of Petrarchism,
547
; on image of mirror in Sonnet 45,
551
; description of Sonnet 48 as abstruse,
552
; on imagery of Sonnet 67,
563
; on allusion to Horace in Canzone 72,
568
; on love and the body in Sonnet 75,
570
; on Petrarch’s coronation as poet laureate,
586
; on stanza form in Canzone 135,
605
; on sources of imagery in Sonnet 136,
608
; interpretation of Sonnet 203,
638
; on Petrarch’s mood in Sestina 214,
644
; on phrasing in Sonnet 242,
657
; interpretation of Sonnet 245,
658
; citation of Dante,
660
; on qualities of charm and chastity as irreconcilable,
665
; on allusion to Virgin Mary in Sonnet 313,
692
; on imagery of Sonnet 338,
707
; and author’s reading of Sonnet 345,
711
; comparison of imagery in Sonnet 351 to earlier poems,
713
; on Laura as speaker of Sonnet 362,
722
; citation of St. Augustine,
725
; on figure of Devil in Canzone 366,
726