Return of a King: The Battle For Afghanistan (84 page)

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Authors: William Dalrymple

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33
Mohan Lal,
Life of Dost Mohammad
, vol. II, p. 198.
34
Major William Hough,
A Narrative of the March and Operations of the Army of the Indus 1838–1839
, London, 1841, pp. 83–4.
35
Seaton,
From Cadet to Colonel
,
p. 89.
36
Stocqueler,
The Memoirs and Correspondence of Sir William Nott
, vol. I, p. 122.
37
Hough,
March and Operations of the Army of the Indus
, p. 68.
38
George Lawrence,
Reminiscences of Forty Three Years in India
, London, 1875, p. 7.
39
Sita Ram Panday,
From Sepoy to Subedar
,
trans. Lt. Col. J. T. Norgate, London, 1873, pp. 88–9. This is an irresistible text, but also a somewhat problematic one. The Hindustani original, supposedly written down in Devanagari by Sita Ram in retirement, has never come to light, and the earliest version of it appeared in English in the 1870s. It was then translated
back
into Arabic-script Hindustani (as the
Khwab o Khiyal
)
for use as an examination text for the Indian Civil Service (ICS). It is always possible that there is no original, and that the text was actually written by the British officer who first published it. However, having read many other letters allegedly written by sepoys to the Delhi press, and in fact clearly written by their British officers, I am inclined to accept the authenticity of this text.
40
Mirza ‘Ata,
Naway Ma’arek
, p.
170,
The English in Sindh and the Bolan Pass.
41
Calendar of Persian Correspondence
, vol. 3, p. 155, no. 1000, 9 June 1839, Shah Shuja to Colonel Wade.
42
Mirza ‘Ata,
Naway Ma’arek
, p.
171, The English in Sindh and the Bolan Pass.
43
National Army Museum, NAM 2008–1839, Gaisford Letters, p. 1, Camp Artillery Brigade Near Kabool, 20 August 1839.
44
Stocqueler,
The Memoirs and Correspondence of Sir William Nott
, vol. I, p. 101.
45
National Army Museum, NAM 1983–11–28–1, Gaisford Diary, p. 1.
46
Lawrence,
Reminiscences of Forty Three Years in India
, pp. 12–13.
47
Stocqueler,
The Memoirs and Correspondence of Sir William Nott
, vol. I, p. 115.
48
National Army Museum, NAM 1983–11–28–1, Gaisford Diary, p. 1.
49
Mohan Lal,
Life of Dost Mohammad
, vol. II, p. 206.
50
Haji Khan Kakar had already sent a verbal message to Shah Shuja, but this was the first sign that he was planning to act on his word – see NAI, Foreign, Secret Consultations, 16 October 1839, no. 70, Abstract of letters received by Shah Shooja from different Chiefs West of Indus in reply to communications addressed to them by His Majesty; sent for the perusal of Captain Wade.
51
Kashmiri,
Akbarnama.
52
Letter of Alexander Burnes quoted by Emily Eden,
Up the Country
, p. 291.
53
National Army Museum, NAM 2008–1839, Gaisford Letter, p. 1, Camp Artillery Brigade Near Kabool, 20 August 1839.
54
BL, Broughton Papers, Add Mss 36474, Macnaghten to Auckland, 6 May 1839.
55
William Taylor,
Scenes and Adventures in Afghanistan
,
London, 1842, p. 95.
56
Waqi’at-i-Shah Shuja
, p. 104, The Thirty-Fifth Event.
57
Ibid.
58
Fayz Mohammad,
Siraj ul-Tawarikh
, vol. I, p. 225.
59
Amini,
Paadash-e-Khidmatguzaari-ye-Saadiqaane Ghazi Nayab Aminullah Khan Logari
, p. 4.
60
Rev. G. R. Gleig,
Sale’s Brigade in Afghanistan
, London, 1843, p. 39.
61
Sita Ram,
From Sepoy to Subedar
,
London, 1843,
pp. 91–2.
62
Forrest,
Life of
Field Marshal Sir Neville Chamberlain GCB
, p. 35.
63
BL, Broughton Papers, Add Mss 36474, fols 63–8, Auckland to Hobhouse,18 June 1839.
64
Calendar of Persian Correspondence
, vol. 3, p. 111, no. 762, 16 May 1839, Political Agent, Ludhiana to Shah Dad Khan; Noelle,
State and Tribe in Nineteenth-Century Afghanistan
,
p. 169.
65
Mohan Lal,
Life of Dost Mohammad
, vol. II, p. 259; Noelle,
State and Tribe in Nineteenth-Century Afghanistan
,
p. 43.
66
NAI, Foreign, Secret Consultations, 16 October 1839, no. 70, Abstract of letters received by Shah Shooja from different Chiefs West of Indus in reply to communications addressed to them by His Majesty; sent for the perusal of Captain Wade.
67
William Barr,
Journal of a March from Delhi to Peshawar and thence to Cabul
,
London, 1844, pp. 134–5.
68
Calendar of Persian Correspondence
, vol. 3, p. 50, no. 334, 19 March 1839, Political Agent, Ludhiana to Maharajah Ranjit Singh.
69
Ibid., p. 52, no. 356, 21 March 1839, Political Agent, Ludhiana to Maharajah Ranjit Singh.
70
Ibid., p. 56, no. 382, 27 March 1839; p. 58, no. 399, 1 April 1839; p. 60, no. 410, 3 April 1839; p. 64, nos 443 and 444, 8 April 1839; all Political Agent, Ludhiana to Maharajah Ranjit Singh.
71
Ibid., p. 57, no. 394, 31 March 1839, Khalsa sarkar to General Avitabile.
72
Ibid., p. 87, no. 604, 1 May 1839, Political Agent, Ludhiana to Maharajah Ranjit Singh.
73
Ibid., p. 29, no. 200 and p. 104, no. 716, 13 May (for demands of the Khyber chiefs) and p. 107, no. 735, 15 and 21 May 1839, Maharajah Ranjit Singh to Political Agent, Ludhiana.
74
Osborne,
The Court and Camp of Runjeet Sing
,
pp. 223–4.
75
Eden,
Up the Country
, pp. 292, 310.
76
Yapp,
Strategies
, pp. 363–5.
77
Kaye,
Lives of Indian Officers
, vol. II, p. 264.
78
BL, OIOC, ESL 79: no. 5 of Appendix VI in no. 3 of no. 71 of 20 August 1840 (IOR/L/PS/5/160), Extract from a demi-official letter from Todd to Macnaghten, 15 June 1840.
79
BL, Broughton Papers, Add Mss 36474, Wade to the Governor General, 31 January 1839.
80
NAI, Foreign, Secret Consultations, 12 June 1839, no. 75, Wade to Maddock,18 July 1839.
81
Taylor,
Scenes and Adventures in Afghanistan
,
pp. 101–2.
82
Durand,
The First Afghan War and its Causes
, p. 171.
83
BL, OIOC, Mss Eur D1 118, Nicholls letters, Keane to Nicholls, August 1839.
84
Sita Ram,
From Sepoy to Subedar
, p. 97.
85
Mirza ‘Ata,
Naway Ma’arek
, pp. 39–56.
86
Fayz Mohammad,
Siraj ul-Tawarikh
, vol. I, pp. 226–7.
87
Mohan Lal,
Life of Dost Mohammad
, vol. II, pp. 238–42.
88
Durand,
The First Afghan War and its Causes
, p. 174.
89
Waqi’at-i-Shah Shuja
, The Thirty-Fifth Event.
90
Sita Ram,
From Sepoy to Subedar
, p. 98.
91
Durand,
The First Afghan War and its Causes
, pp. 178–9.
92
Waqi’at-i-Shah Shuja
, The Thirty-Fifth Event.
93
Mirza ‘Ata,
Naway Ma’arek
, pp. 173–6.
94
Lawrence,
Reminiscences of Forty Three Years in India
, p. 17.
95
Forrest,
Life of
Field Marshal Sir Neville Chamberlain
, p. 46.
96
National Army Museum, NAM 1983–11–28–1, Gaisford Diary, pp. 71ff.

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