Sedulity (Book One) Impact (23 page)
Read Sedulity (Book One) Impact Online
Authors: David Forsyth
Computer Generated Impact Scenario:
Distance from
Impact:
161.00 km ( = 100.00 miles )
Projectile
diameter:
1.50 km ( = 0.93 miles )
Projectile
Density:
8000 kg/m
3
Impact Velocity:
25.00 km per second ( = 15.50 miles per second )
Impact Angle:
40
degrees
Target Density:
1000
kg/m
3
Target Type:
Liquid water of depth
2.0 km ( = 1.2 miles )
, over crystalline rock.
Energy:
Energy before atmospheric
entry:
4.42 x 10
21
Joules
=
1.06 x 10
6
MegaTons
TNT
The average
interval between impacts of this size somewhere on Earth during the last 4
billion years is
4.8 x 10
6
years
Major Global Changes:
The Earth is not
strongly disturbed by the impact and loses negligible mass.
The impact does
not make a noticeable change in the tilt of Earth's axis.
The impact does
not shift the Earth's orbit noticeably.
Possibility of
major climate change.
Crater Dimensions:
The crater
opened in the water has a diameter of
36.8 km ( = 22.9 miles )
.
For the crater
formed in the seafloor:
Transient Crater
Diameter:
19.4 km ( = 12 miles )
Transient Crater
Depth:
6.85 km ( = 4.25 miles )
Final
Crater Diameter:
28.6 km ( = 17.8 miles )
Final Crater
Depth:
812 meters ( = 2660 feet )
The crater
formed is a complex crater.
The volume of
the target melted or vaporized is 12.7 km
3
= 3.06 miles
3
Roughly half the
melt remains in the crater, where its average thickness is
43.2 meters ( =
142 feet )
.
Thermal Radiation:
Time for maximum
radiation:
1.31 seconds
after impact
Visible fireball
radius:
30.7 km ( = 19.1 miles )
The fireball
appears
43.4
times larger than the sun
Thermal Exposure:
7.47 x 10
7
Joules/m
2
Duration of
Irradiation:
7.1 minutes
Radiant flux
(relative to the sun):
175
Effects of
Thermal Radiation:
Clothing ignites
Much of the body suffers third degree burns
Newspaper ignites
Plywood flames
Deciduous trees ignite
Grass ignites
Seismic Effects:
The major seismic shaking will arrive approximately
32.2 seconds
after
impact.
Richter Scale
Magnitude:
8.4
Mercalli Scale Intensity at a distance of 161 km:
VIII. Damage
slight in specially designed structures; considerable damage in ordinary
substantial buildings with partial collapse. Damage great in poorly built
structures. Fall of chimneys, factory stacks, columns, monuments, walls. Heavy
furniture overturned.
Ejecta:
The ejecta will
arrive approximately
3.07 minutes
after the impact.
At your position
there is a fine dusting of ejecta with occasional larger fragments
Average Ejecta
Thickness:
30.1 cm ( = 11.9 inches )
Mean Fragment
Diameter:
5.28 cm ( = 2.08 inches )
Air Blast:
The air blast
will arrive approximately
8.13 minutes
after impact.
Peak
Overpressure:
261000 Pa = 2.61 bars = 37 psi
Max wind
velocity:
342 m/s = 764 mph
Sound Intensity:
108 dB
(May cause ear pain)
Damage
Description:
Multistory wall-bearing buildings will collapse.
Wood frame buildings will almost completely collapse.
Highway truss bridges will collapse.
Glass windows will shatter.
Up to 90 percent of trees blown down; remainder stripped of branches and
leaves.
Tsunami Wave:
The impact-generated tsunami wave arrives
approximately
19.3 minutes
after impact.
Tsunami wave
amplitude is between:
229.0 meters
( =
750.0 feet
) and
457.0
meters
( =
1500.0 feet
).
Calculate your own asteroid strike at
http://impact.ese.ic.ac.uk/ImpactEffects/
courtesy of the Imperial College of London and Purdue University.
Author’s
Note: Most of the events and effects described in this book were written before
this simulation was generated – which scares the heck out of this author!
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If you enjoyed this book, you may also be interested in
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Sovereign Spirit Saga: Volume One
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Outbreak: Visions of the Apocalypse
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