Shooting Victoria (82 page)

244:   “I never thought him unsettled in his mind”: West and Walk, eds. 27.

244:   “I did not have any idea that his mind was disordered”: West and Walk, eds. 29.

244:   … sequestered in a local coffee house:
Times
4 March 1843, 6.

245:   “It is but as yesterday”: West and Walk, eds. 34.

245:   … “the greatest deference should be paid”: West and Walk, eds. 33.

245:   … “the perception, the judgment, the reason, the sentiments, the affections, the propensities, the passions”: West and Walk, eds. 42.

245:   … “profound and scientific” Scottish jurist, Baron Hume: West and Walk, eds. 43.

246:   … there existed in McNaughtan “the presence of insanity sufficient to deprive the prisoner of all self-control”:
Times
6 March 1843, 6.

246:   … “the delusion was so strong that nothing but a physical impediment could have prevented him from committing the act”:
Times
6 March 1843, 6.

247:   “Mr. Solicitor General, are you prepared … with any evidence to combat this testimony?”: West and Walk, eds. 71.

247:   … “the whole of the medical evidence is on one side”: West and Walk, eds. 72.

247:   … McNaughtan followed Oxford's path from Newgate to South wark in a cab with Governor Cope: Moran,
Knowing
23–4.

248:   … “I have in contemplation the accomplishment of a certain pet project”:
Times 7
March 1843, 5.

249:   “It is a lamentable reflection … that a man may be at the same time so insane as to be reckless of his own life and the lives of others”: Victoria
Letters
(first series) 1:586.

249:   “The law may be perfect”: Victoria
Letters
(first series) 1:587.

250:   … no one was criminally liable of a crime when he “is under the influence of delusion and insanity”: “Insanity and Crime.”

250:   “What are the proper questions to be submitted to the jury when a person”: West and Walk, eds. 74.

250:   “… at the time of committing of the act, the party accused was labouring under such a defect of reason”: West and Walk, eds. 79.

251:   This curious protection was designed in 1842: A record in the database of the Museum of London holds that the parasol was “used by Queen Victoria after [an] assassination attempt, possibly 1840 (or 1842).” Logic points to the latter date—and leads one to question whether it was ever used at all.

251:   … at three and a quarter pounds: Staniland 144.

PART 3: EXHIBITIONS

Chapter 14: Birthday

255:   Observing the spectacle for the first time was the seven-year-old Prince of Wales:
Liverpool Mercury
, 22 May 1849, 325.

256:   … “the most beautiful dress at the drawing-room”:
Liverpool
Mercury
22 May 1849, 325.

256:   … the Queen required dresses of British manufacture at all her drawing rooms: Weintraub,
Victoria
199.

257:   Albert had been her sole confidant and her private secretary: Weintraub,
Victoria
170.

257:   “It is you who have entirely formed me”: Weintraub,
Victoria
170.

257:   “The Prince is become so identified with the Queen”: Greville 1:323.

257:   … the Cambridges absented themselves from the Court in a huff: St. Aubyn,
Queen Victoria
220.

257:   “I was forced to give him a strong push and drive him down a few steps”: Gill 208.

258:   “The life I led then was so artificial and superficial and yet I thought I was happy”: Charlot 215.

258:   … he kept the keys and constantly checked the locks: Jerrold,
Married Life
85–6.

258:   The Queen … thought infants unpleasantly “frog-like”: St. Aubyn,
Queen Victoria
167.

258:   … she “only very exceptionally” found conversation with her children “either agreeable or easy”: Hibbert,
Queen Victoria
184.

258:   “I am coming more and more convinced … that the only true happiness in this world is to be found in the domestic circle”: St. Aubyn,
Queen Victoria
204.

259:   … he set to work and replaced the bureaucratic anarchy of the three competing household departments: Gill 197–8.

259:   … he made the monarchy profitable, removing it forever from the chronic indebtedness that had plagued the Queen's royal uncles: St. Aubyn,
Queen Victoria
182.

259:   By 1843, they wanted even more seclusion—a residence bought with their own funds, and thus free of government administration: St. Aubyn,
Queen Victoria
185.

259:   “a pretty little Castle in the old Scotch style”: Victoria,
Leaves
59.

260:   “The papers … are most kind and gratifying”: Victoria
Letters
(first series) 2:27.

260:   The population, employment, exports, and gross national product all shot up: Evans 74.

261:   “Oh, Men, with Sisters dear!”
Punch
5:260 (1843).

262:   No one knew exactly where the fungal disease
Phytophthora infes-
tans
, or potato blight, came from: Donnelly 41.

262:   … in a month, a third of that country's overwhelmingly predominant crop transmogrified into a stinking, inedible goo: Donnelly 41–3; Woodham-Smith,
Great Hunger
94–102.

262:   Disraeli “hacked and mangled Peel with the most unsparing severity”: Greville 2:117.

263:   Ultimately, Peel won—and lost: Hilton 511–513.

263:   … “rotten potatoes have done it all”: Greville 2:350.

263:   He continued importing food, but demanded that local relief committees buy the food at market price: Donnelly 49.

263:   … he allowed public works to continue, but government loans ceased completely: Woodham-Smith,
Great Hunger
105.

263:   … fever ravaged the population: Woodham-Smith,
Great Hunger
187–188.

264:   “The great evil with which we have to contend,” declared Trev-elyan at the end of 1846, is “not the physical evil of the famine”: Woodham-Smith,
Great Hunger
156.

264:   “The state of Ireland is most alarming”: James Murphy 61.

264:   … the suffering during the first few months of 1849 was among the worst of all: Woodham-Smith,
Great Hunger 377
.

264:   In the end, one million died: Saville 70.

265:   Victoria's royal palaces became aristocratic refugee camps: St. Aubyn,
Queen Victoria
222.

265:   That month, the Chartists announced that they planned to march: Saville 91.

265:   The troops in the capital were doubled and stationed out of sight at strategic points across the city, concentrating on the bridges over the Thames, upon which artillery was trained: Chase 300; Saville 109; St. Aubyn,
Queen Victoria
223.

265:   Eighty-five thousand men were sworn in as special constables—a government masterstroke, ensuring that the middle class, unlike the French middle class, would remain squarely with the state: Saville 109, 112, 227.

265:   … 22-day-old Princess Louise: Jerrold,
Married Life
205.

265: … estimates of the crowd differ widely: Dorothy Thompson, in
The Chartists
, guesses 20,000; Malcolm Chase, in his
Chartism: A New History
, 150,000. Thompson 325, Chase 302.

266:   … it was found (after a suspiciously quick count) to have less than a third of the six million signatures claimed: Chase 313.

266:   “We had our revolution yesterday, and it went up in smoke”: Albert,
Letters
135.

266:   … Young Ireland, a group who differed from the O'Connellites in their willingness to use physical force repeal the union: Sloan 162.

266:   “The shock awakened mankind”: Sloan 209.

266:   Lord Clarendon, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, was deeply alarmed by all this activity: Scherer 172–3.

266:   … an excited crowd of six thousand: Woodham-Smith,
Great Hunger
353.

267:   Smith O'Brien forbade them to fell trees without the permission of the owners of the nearby estates: Sloan 258.

267:   “This announcement gave a death-blow to the entire movement”: Sloan 258.

267:   … the
Times
dismissively immortalizing the event as the “cabbage-patch revolt”: Sloan 285.

268:   She would ride again today, bringing Alice, Affie, and Lenchen with her: All newspaper accounts of this attempt are wrong about which of Victoria's children actually rode with her that day, most of them stating that Vicky, Bertie, and Helena were in the carriage. Victoria is quite clear on the matter, however, in her letter the next day to uncle Leopold: Alice, Affie, and Lenchen were the ones riding with her. Victoria
Letters
(first series) 2:220.

268:   … the presence of the royal landau at the Palace steps signaled silently and almost supernaturally the Queen's intent to ride:
Morning Chronicle
21 May 1849, 5.

268:   … nursemaids and footmen helped the children, and then Victoria and her maid of honor Flora MacDonald, into the carriage: Victoria
Letters
(first series) 2:220.

Chapter 15: The Man from Adare

269:   He was an Irishman, having left Ireland for London at around the beginning of the famine:
Morning Chronicle
26 May 1849, 3.

269:   He was a working man, as his corduroy trousers, fustian jacket, and greasy cap made clear at a glance:
Times
21 May 1849, 5;
Morning Chronicle
15 June 1849, 7.

270:   He had been whittling for some time, shaping a chunk of wood into something like the stock of a pistol:
Times
21 May 1849, 5.

270:   He had actually encouraged his long-suffering landlord, Daniel O'Keefe … to arrest him for debt:
Times
21 May 1849, 5;
Daily
News
21 May 1849, 5.

270:   “Between the two of us,” said Bridget O'Keefe, “we managed to keep him”:
Times
21 May 1849, 5.

271:   … around 1826 they died or simply abandoned the infant to the Protestant Orphan Society at Cork:
Morning Chronicle
26 May 1849, 3. Hamilton's age is variously reported, ranging from 22 to 28 on the day of the attack. Trial records from the Old Bailey state him to be 23 on 11 June 1849.
(Daily News
21 May 1849, 5;
Morning
Chronicle
15 June 1849, 7; “William Hamilton”;
Morning Chronicle
26 May 1849, 3.

271:   … a Protestant farmer outside of Adare, near Limerick:
Morning
Chronicle
26 May 1849, 3.

271:   … his employer sold the farm and emigrated to Canada with his family: The farmer is identified in the
Morning Chronicle
26 May 1849, 3 as Phillip Rynard of Graigue, Adare Parish, and as having emigrated to America. Carolyn Heald identifies Philip Raynard, formerly of Graigue, Adare Parish, as an immigrant to Ontario, Canada: Heald 60.

271:   … “it was not right to serve under petticoat government”:
Morning
Chronicle
26 May 1849, 3.

272:   … the time “of Prince Louis Napoleon's escape from Ham”:
Times
21 May 1849, 5.

272:   … his arrest was not political, but for being out too late one night: According to a police report the day after his arrest: TNA PRO MEPO 3/19B.

272:   Hamilton hadn't “worked seven weeks since Christmas”:
Times
21 May 1849, 5.

272:   “Why, Dan has got an old pistol”:
Times
21 May 1849, 5.

272:   It was a pocket-sized, with a three-inch brass screw-barrel:
Trew-
man's Exeter Flying Post
24 May 1849, 2.

273:   … “not the best sort of powder”:
Times
May 1849, 5.

273:   … “you must stop at home”:
Times
21 May 1849, 5.

273:   By six, he was standing near the bottom of Constitution Hill:
Times
21 May 1849, 5.

274:   … “she has not come yet”:
Times
21 May 1849, 5.

274:   Hamilton strode up to the palings and spoke to both the woman and to a muscular man on the other side of the fence:
Morning Chronicle
21 May 1849, 5;
Daily News
21 May 1849, 5.

274:   The man, deafened, felt something whizz past his ear and realized his face was scorched:
Daily News
21 May 1849, 5.

274:   “Renwick,” she said, “what is that?”:
Times
21 May 1849, 5.

275:   … “Thank God,” he said to Victoria, “you are safe”:
Daily News
21 May 1849, 5.

275:   … George Moulder, Green Park's head park-keeper, had been standing just twelve yards from Hamilton as the Queen passed:
Times
21 May 1849, 5.

275:   A police constable named Topley, and a private in the Life Guards, then vaulted the palings:
Morning Chronicle
21 May 1849, 5.

275:   … the great majority jumped to the conclusion that she had been hit:
Lloyd's Weekly
20 May 1849, 7;
Daily News
21 May 1849, 5.

276:   Wemyss by this time was already certain that there had been no bullet in the pistol:
Times
21 May 1849, 5.

276:   … his name was William Hamilton, aged twenty-four—an Irishman from Adare, County Limerick:
Daily News
21 May 1849, 5.

276:   … he had no friends or relatives in this country:
Belfast News-Letter
25 May 1849,1.

277:   There was nothing in his room besides two sheets lent him by his landlady:
Times
21 May 1849, 5: two
shirts
, according to the
Daily
News
21 May 1849, 5.