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Authors: Simon Kuper

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Next Palacios-Huerta tests the kicker’s success rate with each strategy. The kicker should have an equally high scoring rate whether he shoots right, middle, or left. But both Argentina’s Sergio Agüero and Germany’s Miroslav
Klose, for instance, score more often when shooting right of the keeper. That would logically encourage them to aim right on Saturday.
Only rarely does Palacios-Huerta find a kicker with a very skewed strategy, but England’s Frank Lampard is such a man. For years, Lampard randomized his kicks beautifully. But this season, notes Palacios-Huerta, “he has kicked thirteen out of fifteen times to the right of the goalkeeper—and the two lefts were in the same game when he had to retake the same penalty three times.”
No wonder Lampard has recently developed a habit of missing penalties. Keepers are figuring him out. Portsmouth’s David James, for instance, chose the correct corner for Lampard’s penalty for Chelsea in the FA Cup final—perhaps with help from Palacios-Huerta, who had sent Portsmouth a briefing note before the game. In the event, Lampard’s shot went wide. Admittedly, Kevin-Prince Boateng missed his penalty for Portsmouth in the match, but then he had ignored Palacios-Huerta’s advice to kick left of keeper Petr Cech.
The patterns of individuals are only a secondary matter, though. The most important moment in any shoot-out occurs before it even starts. The referee tosses a coin, and the captain who calls correctly gets to decide whether his team takes the first kick. Always kick first, says Palacios-Huerta. The team that takes the first penalty wins 60 percent of shoot-outs. That’s because the team going second shoots under great pressure: It keeps having to score just to stay in the game. In Tuesday’s shoot-out, for instance, Japan was the likely loser the moment Paraguay’s captain, Justo Villar, won the toss and chose to start. Paraguay duly won.
Few seem to know this initial advantage exists, notes Palacios-Huerta. Television commentators rarely even mention the toss. Bookmakers don’t shift their odds immediately after the toss is done—a mistake from which gamblers could benefit. And at Euro 2008, Italy’s captain, Gianluigi Buffon, may have decided the outcome of the tournament when he won the toss for a shoot-out against Spain and let the Spaniards shoot first. They won, of course—not necessarily gladdening the heart of the Basque Palacios-Huerta—and then won the tournament.
Ignorance about penalties could decide this World Cup, too. Palacios-Huerta sighs, “I don’t think serious analysis of the data has arrived yet in soccer, but it’s coming. I think the world will be a different place in a decade or so.”
*Declaration of interest: I recently helped set up a soccer consultancy called Soccernomics, which aims to advise clubs and associations. Ignacio became our penalty expert. He did his first (unpaid) work during the World Cup. First we supplied England with his analysis of Germany’s penalty takers, but that game, surprisingly, didn’t go to a penalty shoot-out.
When Holland reached the final, I e-mailed a Dutch official I knew slightly. I explained what we could provide. Was the official interested?
He was. Ignacio pulled all-nighters and finished the report on the Saturday morning before the final. We sent it to the Dutch. At lunchtime on Sunday—matchday—someone inside Holland’s camp e-mailed us: “It’s a report we can use perfectly.”
In Soccer City, with the final scoreless in overtime, I reread the report on my laptop between Dutch yellow cards. It turned out that Spain was finishing the match with only one experienced penalty taker still on the field: Fernando Torres. Spain’s two most regular kickers, David Villa and Xabi Alonso, had been substituted. The Spaniards must have viewed the impending shoot-out with anxiety.
I checked our report’s findings on Torres. He had a slight tendency to kick to the keeper’s left, but critically, 76 percent of his shots were “low.” Sometimes Torres shot “midheight,” but never high. Clearly, Holland’s keeper Maarten Stekelenburg, should go to ground fast against him.
The only remaining Spanish player to have taken even five penalties as a pro was Cesc Fabregas. The report’s finding: “He has a strong tendency to kick left [of the keeper]. Looking at his videos, it seems hard for him to kick to the right.”
No other Spaniard still on the pitch had any significant penalty-taking experience. However, that fact itself was telling. According to Ignacio, infrequent penalty kickers hit 70 percent of their kicks to their “natural” side: right of the keeper for right-footed kickers, left for left-footed ones. That’s the easiest way.
As for Spain’s keeper Iker Casillas, over the fifty-nine penalties that we observed him, he did better diving to one corner than the other. Kickers scored considerably more when kicking to their “nonnatural” side against Casillas. Right-footers should therefore aim to his left and left-footers to his right.
Sitting in the stands, I started to get excited. I might be about to help the team I support win a World Cup. Alternatively, I might be about to help it lose one. And then, five minutes before the shoot-out would begin, Iniesta scored.
INDEX
Abramovich, Roman
AC Milan soccer club
Capello as coach of
and Drogba
and Gattuso
and Kaká
and Seedorf
and Shevchenko
Adams, Tony
Adebayor, Emmanuel
Adu, Freddy
Agüero, Sergio
Aimar, Pablo
Ajax Amsterdam soccer club
and Cruijff
and Ibrahimovic
and Litmanen
and Van der Sar
Ajax Cape Town
Ali, Muhammad
Allardyce, Sam
Allianz Arena in Munich
Allianz gegen Franz
Allison, Malcolm
Aloisi, John
Alonso, Xabi
Altobelli, Alessandro
Anatomy of England
(Wilson)
Anderson
Anelka, Nicolas
boycotting practice/forty-five day ban
conversion to Islam/change of name
incomprehension of outsiders
joining Real Madrid
learning confidence
penalty kick vs. Van der Sar
physical description of
and Wenger
Anfield stadium
Aparicio, Don Salvador Ricardo
Aragones, Luis
Archetti, Eduardo
Argentina
football ancestry of
Maradona as coach
match vs. England in World Cup of 1998
pibe
and Messi/Maradona
World Cup in 1978
World Cup of 1986
World Cup of 2006
Arnesen, Frank
Arsenal soccer club
and Anelka
and Cole
“controlling Premiership league,”
and Fabregas
and Henry
and Owen
and Wenger
and Will
Atletico Madrid
Auclair, Philippe
Aulas, Jean-Michel
Auset, Manuel
Australia
Autobiographies of soccer players
Back-pass rule
Bad as I Wanna Be
(Rodman)
Bale, Gareth
Ball, Alan
Ball is Round, The
(Goldblatt)
Ballack, Michael
Ballpark renaissance
Barça: A People’s Passion
(Burns)
Barcelona soccer club
choosing Guardiola as coach
and Cruijff
and Henry
and Iniesta
and Litmanen
and Messi
“more than a club” motto
most glorious club side on earth
Mourinho as “anti” figure by 2010
and Real Madrid
and Romario
Ronaldinho leaving
and Saviola
Van Gaal as head coach
and Xavi
Barclay, Patrick
Baresi, Franco
Barmby, Nick
Barry, Gareth
Barthez, Fabien
Baseball
See also
Beane, Billy
Baseball Abstracts
(James)
Basel soccer club/stadium
Basilevitch, Michiel
Basketball
Bastia soccer club
Bates, Ken
Batistuta, Gabriel
Batty, David
Bayern Munich
Beckenbauer signing with
haters of in German society
Klinsmann and
Matthäus and
and Ribéry
signing of Ballack
and Van Gaal
Beagrie, Peter
Beane, Billy
and Arsenal economics
as baseball player
e-mail to Kuper
fell in love with soccer on England trip
influences Chelsea and Manchester City
quitting as baseball player to become scout
soccer people interested in
unpaid consultant to Liverpool
using sabermetrics with Oakland A’s
and Wenger
See also
Comolli, Damien; Forde, Mike;
Moneyball
Bebeto (José Roberto Gama de Oliveira)
Beckenbauer, Franz
compared with Ballack
and Matthaüs
poster boy for German soccer
after soccer career of
as superstar leader
and World Cup
and Zidane
Beckham, David
and Cantona
and Capello
as a “Dutch” player
under Eriksson
foreign constituency/promotion of brand
meeting wife Victoria
passing to players
preparing for after soccer career
as professional
and Real Madrid
speaking after games
as vapid celebrity
World Cup of 1998
Beckham, Victoria (Adams)
Bellos, Alex
Bend It Like Beckham
(motion picture)
Benfica soccer club
Benitez, Rafael
Benzema, Karim
Bergkamp, Dennis
and Anelka
compared to Van Nistelrooy
and Van Gaal
Berlusconi, Silvio
Bernabéu stadium
Berti, Nicola
Best, Georgie
and Manchester United’s popularity abroad
on San Jose Earthquakes
as superstar rock star
Bienvenue chez les Ch’tis
(motion picture)
Bierhoff, Oliver
Biermann, Christoph
Bilardo, Carlos
Bild
(tabloid)
and Beckenbauer
and diary of Matthäus
Bin Hammam, Mohammad
Blair, Tony
Blatter, Sepp
Blind, Danny
Boateng, Kevin-Prince
Bojan Krkic Pérez
Bolt, Charles
Bolton Wanderers football club
Bonhof, Rainer
Boroctó (Ricardo Lorenzo Rodriguez)
Borussia Mönchengladbach soccer club
Bosman, John
Bosnich, Mark
Boston Red Sox baseball team
Bowyer, Lee
Bradley, Gordon
Brazil
and Carlos
and Romario
soccer pressure in
Brearley, Mike
Brehme, Andreas
Breitner, Paul
Brilliant Orange: The Neurotic Genius of Dutch Soccer
(Winner)
Brown, Gordon
Buckingham
Buffett, Warren
Buffon, Gianluigi
Bundesliga
Burns, Jimmy
Busby, Matt
Bush, George W.
Butt, Nicky
Cafu (Marcos Evangelista de Moraes)
Cagigao, Francis
Calmund, Rainer
Cambiasso, Enrique
Camden Yards baseball park
Campbell, Alastair
Campbell, Sol
Cannavaro, Fabio
Cantaloup, Nicolas
Cantona, Eric
abandoning traditional English style
immigrant arriving in England
Cantona, Eric
(continued)
Manchester United’s popularity abroad
soccer as art form/himself as artist
violence of/kicking fan
Cantona: The Rebel Who Would Be King
(Auclair)
Capellas, Albert
Capello, Fabio
announcing designated penalty takers
as coach of AC Milan
as coach of English team/World Cup 2010
Careerism
Carlin, John
Carlos, Roberto
Carra
(Carragher)
Carragher, Jamie
autobiography of
and Everton
and Liverpool
stardom not fun
tabloids and
World Cup of 2006
Carrick, Michael
Carroll, Andy
Carvalho, Ricardo
Cashen, Frank
Casillas, Iker
Cech, Petr
Cell phones
C’était pas gagné
(Drogba)
Chadwick, Luke
Champions League
and Ajax soccer club
and Anelka
and Ballack
Barcelona winning in 2006
and Davids
and Fabregas
Iniesta and
and Kaká
and Kluivert
motivation in
and Mourinho
Real Madrid and
and Ribéry
and Verón
Charlton, Bobby
Chef
(boss)
Chelsea soccer club
and Anelka
and Carlos
conference on sports and data
and Essien
Forde working for
and Gattuso
BOOK: Soccer Men
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