Soul of the Age (58 page)

65
. “Hans Amstein,” a novella; first published in
Die Neue Rundschau
(1904).

66
.
Die Liebe der Erika Ewald
(1904).

67
.
Die Philosophic des Hippolyte Taint
(1904).

68
. Writer and co-editor of the journal
März.

69
.
Der Mediceer
(1907).

70
. On July 3, 1908, Hesse published a longish essay, “Cäsarius von Heisterbach,” in
März
as an introduction to his translations from the
Dialogus miraculorum,
which appeared in the subsequent three issues of
März.
Hesse published a more extensive selection of his Caesarius translations in 1925 under the title
Geschichten aus dem Mittelalter.

71
. Olaf Gulbransson, caricaturist and graphic artist.

72
. Max Bucherer, painter and graphic artist.

73
. Published in
März,
February 18, 1908.

74
. A reference to the pantheistic work
Welträtsel
(1899) by the Jena professor Ernst Haeckel.

75
. A pastor and one of the finest poets of the nineteenth century.

76
. Johannes Hesse,
Frühlingswehen in der Völkerwelt
(1908).

77
. Johannes Hesse,
Die Heiden und wir
(1901/1906).

78
. “Kurgast” (“Guest at the Spa”), an open letter in the review
Jugend.

79
. Badenweiler, a well-known spa at the western foot of the Black Forest.

80
. “A new product for export,” a note in the first number of
März
(April 1908).

81
. Composer and for thirty-eight years director of the Bern symphony orchestra.

82
. Politician, lawyer, and contributor to
März.

83
. Martin, Hesse's third son, was born on July 26, 1911.

84
. The painter Hans Sturzenegger.

85
. Hesse described his first flight in a Zeppelin airship in “Spazierfahrt in der Luft,” which appeared in the
Basler Nachrichten.

86
. The founding of a “März Publishing Corporation.” Beginning with the first January issue of 1912, the name of the new company replaces the former title: “Albert Langen, Publishers of Literature and Art, Munich.” There is a new, separate entry on the masthead, printed in semibold letters: “Editor-in-Chief, Otto Wolters, Munich.”

87
. In September 1912, Hesse moved from Gaienhofen to Bern.

88
. Reinhold Geheeb, editor of
Simplicissimus.

89
. Pseudonym of Albert Bitzius, pastor and novelist of Swiss peasant life.

90
. Composer and dentist in Constance.

91
. Hermann Cohen, philosopher, founder of Neo-Kantianism.

92
. Composer and conductor; one of Hesse's earliest musical friends.

93
. Through Alfred Schlenker, Hesse had got to know Andreä, Fritz Brun, and the young composer Othmar Schoeck.

94
. Hesse was rejected on August 29, 1914, because of his “severe shortsightedness.”

95
. Battle at Mühlhausen on August 9–10, 1914. The 7th German Army drove the French out of Upper Alsace.

96
. Hesse's cousin.

97
. The Russians had penetrated deeply into German and Austrian territory in East Prussia and Galicia. This led to the battle at Tannenberg. In the South, the Austrians were struggling to defend the Carpathian mountain passes.

98
. The German battle plan sought to achieve a decisive victory in the West through a large encircling movement while continuing to wage war in the East. The plan failed due to the Battle of the Marne, and the “probably final German battle” turned into trench warfare, which lasted until 1918.

99
. A Bern newspaper.

100
. Hermann Hesse, ed.,
Lieder deutscher Dichter
(Munich: Langen, 1914).

101
. The movement of German troops through neutral Belgium in August 1914.

102
. French novelist, historian, and critic. Hesse's extensive correspondence with Rolland has been separately published in German (1954); French (1972), and English (1978).

103
. Professor Paul Haeberlin. The project never materialized.

104
. A monthly periodical published in Leipzig by Kurt Wolff's Verlag der Weissen Bücher (1913–21).

105
. A journal with revolutionary leanings (1914–29), published by Kiepenheuer Verlag, Berlin.

106
. Friend of Hesse's from Zurich; she contributed money to his war relief efforts.

107
. Attack against Serbia by German and Bulgarian troops (November 1915).

108
. Battle of Champagne (September–October 1915).

109
.
Der Sonntagsbote für die deutschen Kriegsgefangenen
started appearing in January 1916; on January 7, 1916, it was expanded to include the
Deutsche Internierten-Zeitung.

110
. Gustav Ador, member of the National Council in Geneva and president of the International Committee of the Red Cross.

111
. Dr. Rudolf von Tavel, managing editor of the
Berner Tagblatt,
the
Berner Heim,
and the journal
Die Garbe,
was, from 1915 to 1919, head of
Pro Captivis,
which exercised censorship over the
Deutsche Internierten-Zeitung
and
Der Sonntagsbote für die deutschen Kriegsgefangenen.

112
. A bimonthly review of literature, drama, music, and visual and applied arts.

113
. Appeared in the
Neue Zürcher Zeitung.

114
. American-born wife of legal historian Friedrich Emil Welti. The Weltis were old friends of Hesse.

115
. From April until the end of May 1916: electrotherapy in the Sonnmatt Sanatorium near Lucerne, where Hesse had his first twelve analytic sessions with Dr. Josef B. Lang, a young follower of C. G. Jung. Hesse subsequently traveled once a week to Lucerne for treatment.

116
. Sidney Sonnino, Italian statesman. On April 26, 1915, he signed the London Treaty with the Entente, which resulted in Italy's entry into the war.

117
. Alfred von Tirpitz, German admiral and statesman, the advocate of the unrestricted submarine warfare that led President Woodrow Wilson to break off diplomatic relations with the German Reich and declare war on Germany on April 6, 1917.

118
. “Hope and faith are two of the very pillars on which our future rests.”

119
. Professor of forestry in Zurich.

120
. Austrian writer and man of letters.

121
. The Publishing House of the Book Depot for German Prisoners of War. Hesse edited twenty-two separate titles with an average run of 1,000 copies, including:
Don Correa
by Gottfried Keller, an anthology of poetry from Novalis to Emst Stadler;
Dichtergedanken
from Herder to Stifter;
Zeitvertreib,
a collection of anecdotes and jokes;
Schüler und Studenten,
stories by Stifter, A. Zweig, and Alfons Paquet; two anthologies of “strange” and “funny” stories; two novellas by Thomas Mann,
Tonio Kröger
and
The Railway Accident.
Hesse described the project in a letter to Emil Molt of January 8, 1918: “I feel that this attempt to influence the hundreds of thousands of people whose lives have been completely disrupted by the war is assuming ever greater importance for our future. The government has other priorities, and its interventions serve only to exacerbate the patriotic warmongering.”

122
.
Johann Christoph Blumhardt
(1880).

123
. Painter and graphic artist.

124
. Negotiations were held in Brest Litovsk and lasted from December 22 until March 3, 1918. There was a Russian offer (renunciation of annexations, evacuation of the occupied territories, national self-determination) and burdensome German demands (Russia had to give up its claim to Poland, the Baltic states, Finland, the Ukraine, etc.). Lenin finally surmounted the opposition of many of his comrades and accepted the German conditions.

125
. Dr. Johann Wilhelm Muehlon, a pacifist, served as a diplomat in the German Foreign Office and as a director of Krupp's, retired from that position shortly after the outbreak of the war, then served as a German emissary entrusted with secret diplomatic missions; resigned on February 1, 1917, the day Germany declared unrestricted submarine warfare, subsequently in contact with Germans in exile, whom he tried to unite.

126
.
Der rote Kampfflieger
(1917).

127
. Freud had thanked Hesse for his essay “Artists and Psychoanalysis” (
Werkausgabe,
10:47ff) and for his works, which he had been following “with pleasure since
Peter Camenzind.
” Hesse expanded these views in reviews of works by Freud in 1919 and 1925 (
WA,
12:365–68).

128
. Hesse's youngest son, Martin, who was being cared for at the time by Johanna and Alice Ringier in Kirchdorf near Bern.

129
. Painter and graphic artist; became foster father of Hesse's oldest son, Bruno.

130
. Hesse had written in a similar vein in a letter of September 11, 1917: “I have been short of money for the past two years, haven't bought myself a suit for over two years, and walk around in torn shoes.”

131
. Painter and close friend of Hesse's.

132
.
Klein and Wagner
(
WA,
5:204ff).

133
.
Klingsor's Last Summer
(
WA,
5:293ff).

134
. Son of a rich man.

135
. Presumably trees pruned to a round shape.

136
. Mountain near Lugano.

137
. Ruth Wenger, who became Hesse's second wife in 1924.

138
. Merchant, art collector, and patron of Hesse's.

139
. Hesse was literary editor of
Vivos Voco
from 1919 to 1922.

140
. Hesse was not divorced until July 14, 1923.

141
. The painter Ernst Kreidolf.

142
. Psychiatrist and disciple of C. G. Jung; Hesse had some seventy psychoanalytical sessions with Lang in 1916 and 1917.

143
.
Vivos Voco.

144
.
Reisetagebuch eines Philosophen
(1919).

145
. The first part of
Siddhartha,
which was dedicated to Romain Rolland.

146
. Writer and painter.

147
. Brother of Hesse's patron Georg Reinhart.

148
. The Wenger family lived in Delsberg (Delémont) in the Swiss Juras.

149
.
Kurzgefasster Lebenslauf
(
Life Story Briefly Told
) (1925;
WA,
6:391ff).

150
. Opera in three acts by Othmar Schoeck.

151
. Either
Novellino: Novellen und Schwänke der ältesten italienischen Erzähler
or
Geschichten aus Japan;
both were published in 1922 by the Seldwyla Verlag in Bern.

152
. Walther Rathenau, who took office as German Foreign Minister in February 1922, was murdered in Berlin on June 24, 1922.

153
. Conference of the International Women's League for Freedom and Peace in Lugano, August 18–September 2, 1922.

154
. Professor Wilhelm Gundert, an expert on Japan, translator of the
Bi Yaen Lu
(1912), the “Bible” of Zen Buddhism.

155
. A member of the Reichstag and a defender of parliamentary democracy, Haussmann was one of the first politicians to become a close friend of Hesse's.

156
. The first English edition did not appear until much later:
Siddhartha,
trans. Hilda Rosner (New York: New Directions, 1951).

157
. Dutch poet and psychoanalyst who was influenced by socialist and communist ideas. He founded the Walden colony in 1898, but the experiment proved a failure.
Young John
(1886–1906) is an autobiographical, fairy tale-like novel about adolescent development.

158
. Indian missionary.

159
. “Robert Aghion.” Cf. Hesse's
Der Europäer, Gesammelte Erzählungen
(Frankfurt: Suhrkamp, 1977), Vol. 3, p. 160.

160
. Indian writer, philosopher, and painter.

161
. Philosopher of history. His major work,
Der Untergang des Abendlandes
(
The Decline of the West
), appeared during the period 1918–22.

162
. Hans Mardersteig, co-editor of the review
Genius,
was director of the Officina Bodoni.

163
. Engineer and architect; Hesse's friend since 1919.

164
. Casa Camuzzi, in which Hesse rented a small apartment from 1919 to 1931.

165
. Englert had composed a horoscope for Hesse.

166
. “‘The Officina Bodoni' in Montagnola,”
Neue Zürcher Zeitung,
April 11, 1923.

167
. Permission to refuse Confirmation.

168
. Hesse traveled to Bern to sign his naturalization papers.

169
. Maria Hesse had been living in Ascona since August; Heiner was attending the Kefikon State Boarding School near Frauenfeld.

170
.
Märchen
(Berlin: S. Fischer, 1919).

171
. Wife of businessman Fritz Leuthold, who met Hesse on his trip to Southeast Asia in 1911.