Strange Rebels: 1979 and the Birth of the 21st Century (69 page)

28
. Now known once again by its prerevolutionary name, Lubyanka Square.

29
.
KGB in Afghanistan
, Mitrokhin, 95.

1
.
The Polish Revolution: Solidarity
, Timothy Garton Ash, 43.

2
. Ibid.

3
.
Pilgrim to Poland: John Paul II
, compiled by the Daughters of St. Paul, 182.

4
. Ibid., 185.

5
. Ibid., 184–185.

6
.
The Polish Revolution: Solidarity
, Ash, 35;
From Solidarity to Martial Law: The Polish Crisis of 1980–1981—a Documentary History
, edited by Andrzej Paczkowski and Malcolm Byrne, xxxi.

7
.
From Solidarity to Martial Law
, edited by Paczkowski and Byrne, xxxix.

8
. In Andrzej Wajda’s marvelous film account of the Solidarity movement,
Man of Marble
(1980), the cynical journalist sent to Gdańsk to collect compromising material on the strikers soon discovers, to his horror, that there is not a drop of booze to be found in the city.

9
.
KOR: A History of the Workers’ Defense Committee in Poland, 1976–1981
, Jan Józef Lipski, 176.

10
.
The Sword and the Shield: The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB
, Christopher Andrew and Vasili Mitrokhin, 515. The Vatican II reference comes from
The Polish Revolution: Solidarity
, Ash.

11
.
The Polish Revolution: Solidarity
, Ash, 294.

12
. Ibid., 276.

13
. “In Search of Lost Meaning,” in
In Search of Lost Meaning: The New Eastern Europe
, Adam Michnik, 28–29.

14
.
The Polish Revolution: Solidarity
, Ash, 304.

15
.
Witness to Hope: The Biography of Pope John Paul II
, 1920–2005, George Weigel, 460.

16
.
The End and the Beginning: Pope John Paul II—the Victory of Freedom, the Last Years, the Legacy
, George Weigel, 113.

17
. “Obituary: Cardinal Frantisek Tomasek,” Felix Corley,
Independent
, August 5, 1992,
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-cardinal-frantisek-tomasek-1538238.html
.

18
. “The Inspiration for a Workers’ Revolution,” Michael Dobbs,
Washington Post
, April 3, 2005,
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A22109–2005Apr2.html
.

1
. “The Islamic Republic of Iran, 1979–1989,” Shaul Bakhash, 58.

2
. Ibid., 59.

3
. Yet another example, it would seem, of conservatives borrowing from the radical left.

4
. “The Islamic Republic of Iran, 1979–1989,” Shaul Bakhash.

5
.
Khomeini: Life of the Ayatollah
, Baqer Moin, 247.

6
.
The Turban for the Crown: The Islamic Revolution in Iran
, Said Amir Arjomand, 5.

7
.
Khomeinism: Essays on the Islamic Republic
, Ervand Abrahamian,
http://www.escholarship.org/editions/view?docId=ft6c6006wp;query=20iran;brand=ucpress
.

8
.
The Reign of the Ayatollahs: Iran and the Islamic Revolution
, Shaul Bakhash, 36.

9
. See “Religious Participation Among Muslims: Iranian Exceptionalism,” Gunes Murat Tezcur, Taghi Azadarmaki, and Mehri Bahar, in
Critique: Critical Middle Eastern Studies
15, no. 3 (2006): 217–232,
http://web.clas.ufl.edu/users/kenwald/pos6292/Tezcur%20et%20all%20Critique%202006.pdf
.

10
. “Islamic Republic of Iran,” Bakhash, 55–56.

11
. 1979
: The Year That Shaped the Modern Middle East
, David W Lesch, 119.

12
. Ibid., 162–163.

13
. “Islamic Republic of Iran,” Bakhash, 57.

14
. 1979, Lesch, 161, quoting “Conceptual Sources of the Post-Revolutionary Iranian Behavior Toward the Arab World,” Mahmood Sariolghalam, in
Iran and the Arab World
, Hooshab Amirahmadi and Nader Entessar, 22.

15
.
Creating an Islamic State: Khomeini and the Making of a New Iran
, Vanessa Martin, 193.

16
. “Islamic Republic of Iran,” Bakhash, 57.

17
.
The Global Cold War: Third World Interventions and the Making of Our Times
, Odd Arne Westad, 299.

18
. For all their grand global aspirations, the Chinese do not believe that their culture applies to anyone but the Chinese and show little evidence of wishing to impose it on alien races.

1
.
Defense of Muslim Lands
, Sheikh Abdullah Azzam, xix-xx.

2
. Ibid., 16–17.

3
. Azzam, it should be noted, was a fully qualified religious scholar—something that could not even remotely be said of Osama bin Laden, though this did not stop him from issuing legal rulings.

4
.
The Looming Tower: Al-Qaeda and the Road to 9/11
, Lawrence Wright, 95–96.

5
. Ibid., 130.

6
. “Blowback from the Afghan Battlefield,” Tim Weiner,
New York Times
, March 13, 1994.

7
. “Terrorism Havens: Indonesia,” Council on Foreign Relations, 2005,
http://www.cfr.org/indonesia/terrorism-havens-indonesia/p9361
.

8
.
The Fragmentation of Afghanistan: State Formation and Collapse in the International System
, Barnett Rubin, 227.

1
. In the early 1930s, joblessness reached 3 million (about 30 percent).

2
.
Britain Under Thatcher
, Anthony Seldon and Daniel Collings, 14.

3
. “The Lady’s Not for Turning,” Margaret Thatcher,
Guardian
, April 29, 2007,
http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2007/apr/30/conservatives.uk
.

4
.
The Lady’s Not for Burning
, Christopher Fry (1948).

5
. “Strength in the Face of Adversity,” Simon Jenkins,
Guardian
, April 30, 2007,
http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2007/apr/30/conservatives.uk2
.

6
.
Britain Under Thatcher
, Seldon and Collings, 15.

7
.
Thatcher and Sons: A Revolution in Three Acts
, Simon Jenkins, 61.

8
.
One of Us: Life of Margaret Thatcher
, Hugo Young, 107.

9
. Ibid., 136.

10
. “The First Few Months” (Thatcher’s notes for a conference speech, October 3, 1979),
http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/899D539506F54F5FBBBB75AD5B018C94.pdf
.

11
.
Keynes, the Keynesians, and Monetarism
, Tim Congdon, 8.

12
.
A Balance of Power
, James Prior, 121.

13
.
Thinking the Unthinkable: Think-Tanks and the Economic Counter-Revolution
, 1931–1993, Richard Cockett, 287.

14
. “It Is Time for Britain’s Economy to Buck Up,” Samuel Brittan,
Financial Times
, July 7, 2011.

15
.
Thinking the Unthinkable
, Cockett, 323.

16
.
Margaret Thatcher
, John Campbell, 2:709–710.

17
. Imitation is the sincerest form of flattery, and it is worth noting that the British Left took a page from Thatcher’s playbook in the 1980s and 1990s by founding its own think tanks modeled on those that fueled the market “counterrevolution.” Richard Cockett cites Martin Jacques’s Demos, which, he says, “owes much of its inspiration to the working methods of the IEA, and in particular the work of Arthur Seldon.”
Thinking the Unthinkable
, Cockett, 328.

18
. Ibid., 322.

19
.
Thatcher and Thatcherism
, edited by Eric J. Evans, 139.

20
.
National Review
, Tim Congdon, 1993.

21
.
Thinking the Unthinkable
, Cockett, 324.

22
. “Balcerowicz Plan: 20 Years On,”
Warsaw Voice
, December 16, 2009,
http://www.warsawvoice.pl/WVpage/pages/article.php/21501/article

23
. Chicago School economists engineered the free-market economic reform program implemented by General Augusto Pinochet in Chile in 1973 (after the bloody coup in which he toppled his predecessor as president, Salvador Allende). The program was a resounding success that strongly influenced many other governments around Latin America—though those who implemented similar policies often thankfully did so in tandem with political liberalization as well.

24
.
Thinking the Unthinkable
, Cockett, 306.

25
. Ibid., 307.

26
.
The Commanding Heights: The Battle for the World Economy
, Daniel Yergin and Joseph Stanislaw, 219.

27
. Ibid., 233.

28
. Ibid., 258.

29
.
Margaret Thatcher
, Campbell, 2:625.

30
.
National Review
, Congdon, 1993.

1
. “Crossing the River While Feeling the Rocks: Land-Tenure Reform in China,” John W. Bruce and Zongmin Li, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, 2009,
http://www.ifpri.org/publication/crossing-river-while-feeling-rocks
.

2
. Fujian was also home to the Xiamen Special Economic Zone, the only SEZ created in 1979 that was outside of Guangdong Province.

3
. “The Course of China’s Rural Reform,” Du Runsheng, International Food Policy Research Institute, 2006, 6,
http://www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/publications/oc52.pdf
.

4
.
Capitalism with Chinese Characteristics
, Huang Yasheng, 50–100.

5
.
Special Economic Zones and the Economic Transition in China
, Wei Ge, 47.

6
. Ibid., 49.

7
. Ibid., 47.

8
. Ibid., 68.

9
. Ibid., 75.

10
.
The Search for Modern China
, Jonathan Spence, 715–716.

11
. “‘Two Faces’ of Deng Xiaoping,” Bao Tong, Radio Free Asia, December 29, 2008.

12
. “June 9 Speech to Martial Law Units,” Deng Xiaoping,
http://tsquare.tv/chronology/Deng.html
.

13
.
Deng Xiaoping and the Transformation of China
, Ezra Vogel, 659–660.

14
. Ibid.

15
. “Deng’s Last Campaign,” Roderick MacFarquhar,
New York Review of Books
, December 17, 1992.

16
. Ibid.

17
. Ibid.

18
.
Deng Xiaoping and the Transformation of China
, Vogel, 697.

19
.
The Global Cold War: Third World Interventions and the Making of Our Times
, Odd Arne Westad, 362.

1
.
The Progress of Socialism: A Lecture by Sidney Webb, LL.B
. (Modern Press, London, 1890),
http://archive.org/details/progressofsocialoowebbuoft
.

2
.
The Unthinkable Revolution in Iran
, Charles Kurzman, 99.

3
. See “The Religious Mind of Mrs. Thatcher,” Antonio E. Weiss.
www.margaretthatcher.org/document/112748
.

4
. See
The Final Revolution: The Resistance Church and the Collapse of Communism
, George Weigel.

5
.
The Communist Manifesto
, Marxists Internet Archive, 20,
http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/download/pdf/Manifesto.pdf
.

6
. Khomeini, “Speech at Feyziyeh Theological School,” August 24, 1979; in
Anti-American Terrorism and the Middle East: A Documentary Reader
, Barry Rubin and Judith Colp Rubin, 34. Oxford University Press, USA, 2004.

7
. “What Is Man Afraid Of?,”
Redemptor Hominis
, John Paul II,
http://www.vatican.va/edocs/ENG0218/PG.HTM#$2Q
.

8
. Kanan Makiya, interview with the author, Cambridge, MA, September 29, 2009.

9
. “Mohammed Bouazizi: The Dutiful Son Whose Death Changed Tunisia’s Fate,” Peter Beaumont,
Guardian
, January 20, 2011,
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/jan/20/tunisian-fruit-seller-mohammed-bouazizi
.

10
. “A Shi’ite Victory That Subverted Shi’ite Tradition,” Jeffrey Donovan, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, February 10, 2009.