Sybil Exposed (48 page)

16.
Geraldo Live
, CNBC, 12 December 1995.

17.
Acocella,
Creating Hysteria
, p. 106.

18.
Harold Merskey,
The Analysis of Hysteria: Second Edition
(London: Royal College of Psychiatrists, 1995); John F. Kihlstrom, “Dissociative disorders,”
Annual Review of Clinical Psychology
1 (2005): 227–253; Timo Giesbrecht et al., “Cognitive processes in dissociation: An analysis of core theoretical assumptions,
Psychological Bulletin
134:5 (2008): 617–647; Rafaele J. C. Huntjens et al., “Inter-identity amnesia in dissociative identity disorder: A simulated memory impairment?”
Psychological Medicine
36:6 (2006): 857–863; Rafaele J. C. Huntjens et al., “Procedural memory in dissociative identity disorder: When can inter-identity amnesia be truly established?”
Consciousness and Cognition
, 14:2 (June 2005) :377–389; Martin J. Dorahy and Rafaele J. C. Huntjens, “Memory and Attentional Processes in Dissociative Identity Disorder: A Review of the Empirical Literature,” in American Psychiatric Publications,
Traumatic Dissociation: Neurobiology and Treatment
(Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishers, 2007), pp. 55–76.

19.
Eleanor A. Maguire et al., “Navigation-related structural change in the hippocampi of taxi drivers,”
Proceedings of the National Academy of Science
98:8 (2000): 4398–4403; Christian Gaser and Gottfried Schlaug, “Brain structures differ between musicians and non-musicians,”
The Journal of Neuroscience
23:27 (2003): 9240–9245.

20.
Janet Malcolm, “Trouble in the Archives,”
The New Yorker
, 12 December 1983, pp. 110–119.

21.
Mikkel Borch-Jacobsen and Herbert Spiegel, “Sybil—the Making of a Disease: An Interview with Dr. Herbert Spiegel,”
New York Review of Books
, 24 April 1997.

22.
Account of Swales’s and Borch-Jacobsen’s investigation into Shirley’s identity is from author telephone conversation with Mikkel Borch-Jacobsen, of Paris, France, September 2010.

CHAPTER 22

1.
Author interview with Roberta Guy in Lexington, KY, July 2010.

2.
Last Will and Testament of Cornelia Wilbur, on file in Lexington, KY, Fayette County Probate Court.

3.
Roberta Guy, interview.

4.
Author telephone interview with Lexington, KY, antiques dealer Mark Boultinghouse, August 2010.

5.
Shirley Mason to Eddice [
sic
, actually Edice] Barber, 10 February 1998, copy sent from Peter Swales to Daniel Houlihan, copy in author’s possession.

EPILOGUE

1.
Anita Weeks Bird letter to FRS, 20 August 1975, and Bird to SAM, 20 August 1975, in FRS Box 13, File 315, and Box 37, File 1099; Mikkel Borch-Jacobsen,
Making Minds and Madness
(New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009).

2.
Mark Miller and Barbara Kantrowitz, “Unmasking Sybil,”
Newsweek
, 25 January 1999, pp. 66–68; Reuters, “Tapes raise new doubts about ‘Sybil’ personalities,”
New York Times,
19 August 1998, p. A-21.

3.
Harrison Pope Jr. et al., “Attitudes toward
DSM-IV
dissociative disorders diagnoses among board-certified American psychiatrists,”
American Journal of Psychiatry
156:2 (1999): 323–323; Numan Gharaibeh, “Dissociative identity disorder: Time to remove it from
DSM-V
?”
Current Psychiatry
8:9 (2009): 30–36.

4.
Flora Rheta Schreiber,
Sybil
(New York: Hachette Book Group, 2009).

5.
Ibid.

6.
Richard K. Baer,
Switching Time: A Doctor’s Harrowing Story of Treating a Woman with 17 Multiple Personalities
(New York: Crown, 2007); Robert B. Oxnam,
A Fractured Mind: My Life with Multiple Personality Disorder
(New York: Hyperion, 2005); Herschel Walker and Jerry Mungadze,
Breaking Free: My Life With Dissociative Identity Disorder
(New York: Touchstone, 2008).

7.
Jeanne Dorin McDowell, “The four (at least) faces of Tara,”
New York Times
, 9 January 2009.

8.
Alfonso Martinez-Taboas, “Multiple personality disorder as seen from a social constructionist viewpoint,”
Dissociation
4: 3 (1991): 129–133.

9.
Lina Hartocollis, “The making of multiple personality disorder: A social constructionist view,”
Clinical Social Work Journal
26: 2 (1998): 159–176.

advertising agencies,
67
–69,
72

age regression therapy,
42
–43,
130
,
131

alcoholism,
70
,
71
,
120

Alexander, Franz,
126

American Psychiatric Association (APA),
42
,
84
–85,
86
,
119
,
124
,
131
,
212
,
219
,
225

amphetamines,
89
,
97
,
99

anemia,
9
,
18
,
19
,
54
,
59
,
87
,
220

pernicious,
219
–21

Aronson, Irving,
31

Aronson, Stanley,
31
,
176
,
202
,
207

asthenia,
9
,
166

barbiturates,
47
–49,
50
–52,
53
,
60
,
88
,
89
,
97
,
99
,
100
,
101
,
102
,
105
,
108
,
111
,
158
,
175
,
219
see also
Pentothal

Barr, Roseanne,
222
–23

Bartha, Jeanette,
224
,
236

BBDO (Batten, Barton, Durstine & Osborn),
67
,
68
–69

Beauchamp, Christine,
92

Bennett, Abram,
49
–50,
51
,
52
–53

Benzedrine,
97
,
105

Berry, Halle,
234

Borch-Jacobsen, Mikkel,
228
,
233

Bowen, Murray,
117
–18

Braun, Bennett,
223

Breuer, Joseph,
58

Brown, Frederick Keith,
83
,
125
,
139
,
146
,
194
,
196
,
201
,
202

Burwell, Arthur Warner,
20
,
21
–22,
24
,
25
,
26
–27,
62
,
219

Burwell, Bertie,
20
,
21
,
22
,
23
,
24
,
26

Burwell, Brenda,
214
–15

Burwell, Oliver,
21
–22,
214

Burwell, Richard,
21

Calvalcade Theater,
67
,
68
,
69
,
70

Capote, Truman,
143
–44,
168

Carr, Gladys,
151

Cash, Paul,
50
,
52

Cavett, Dick,
174
–75

Charcot, Jean-Martin,
39
,
40
,
41
,
42
,
131
,
210

child abuse:

as assumed root cause of mental illness,
40
,
52
,
82
–83,
91
–92,
95
,
157
,
204
,
205
,
206
,
211
,
217

factual discrepancies in Mason’s claims of,
136
,
158
,
161
–64,
166
,
199
,
233

Mason’s “recovered memories” of,
xi
,
xii
–xiii,
xiv
,
94
,
103
,
107
,
108
–11,
132
–33,
136
,
155
,
157
–58,
162
,
164
,
184
–85

MPD’s assumed link to,
xv
,
40
,
211
,
216
,
217
,
218
,
235

MPD treatment in uncovering “memories” of,
xv
–xvi,
148
,
211
,
213
,
216
–18,
222
,
223
–25,
226
,
235

rise in public consciousness of,
156
–57,
178

Satanic and ritualistic “memories” of,
40
,
50
,
216
–18,
223
,
225
,
226
,
235

in
Sybil,
xiv
,
157
,
158
,
169
,
175
,
178
–79,
182
,
186
,
211
see also
sexual abuse

Childhood Experience and Personal Destiny
(Silverberg),
82
–83

Christian Science,
22
–23,
26
,
62
,
63

Clarkson Memorial Hospital,
49
–50,
51
–52,
53
,
63
,
64

Cleckley, Hervey,
85

Clift, Montgomery,
120

Columbia University,
xiii
,
28
,
127
,
131
,
149
,
168

Teacher’s College of,
32
–33,
75
,
78
,
88
,
89
,
96
,
100
,
127

Conkling, Effie,
55
–57

Cosmopolitan,
99
,
113
,
115
,
117
,
118
,
120
,
121
,
122

countertransference,
65

Cravens, Virginia,
19

Crouch, Genevieve,
161

Daprisal,
88
–89,
99

Demerol,
88
,
99
,
104

depression,
38
,
49
,
60
,
70
,
71
,
99
,
100
,
103
,
104
,
127
,
166
,
220
,
224
,
225

Dexamyl,
99
,
104

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(
DSM
),
212
,
213
,
218
,
225
–26,
233

Dick Cavett Show,
174
–75

Dickinson, Emily, ix,
34
,
70
,
122

Dieterle, Robert,
37
,
41
–43,
46
,
65
–66,
86

dissociation,
xvi
–xvii,
40
,
58
,
90
,
91
,
93
,
101
,
104
,
141
,
155
,
184
,
235
see also
fugue states;

multiple personality disorder (MPD)

Dissociation of a Personality
(Prince),
66

dissociative identity disorder (DID),
225
–26,
233
,
234
,
235
see also
multiple personality disorder (MPD)

drugs, prescription,
88
–89,
97
,
99
,
104
,
128
,
140