The Age of Wonder (85 page)

9
Herschel to Maskelyne, 12 June 1780, WH Papers 1, ppxc-xci

10
CHM, p41

11
CHM, p149

12
CHA, pp14-15

13
CHA, pp19-20

14
CHA, p14

15
WH Papers 1, pxiv

16
CHA, p24

17
CHA, p112

18
CHM, p24

19
CHA, p23

20
CHA, p21

21
CHA, p24

22
CHM, p7

23
CHM, p6

24
CHA, p41

25
CHA, p25

26
CHA, p30

27
CHA, p136

28
CHA, p26; CHM, p10

29
CHM, p12

30
CHM, p11

31
WH Papers 1, pxix

32
Angus Armitage,
Herschel,
1962, p19

33
CHM, p11; also CHA, p108

34
CHA, p110

35
CHA, p109

36
Armitage, p19

37
CHA, p33

38
Helen Ashton,
I Had a Sister,
1937, pp153-61

39
CHA, p33

40
CHA, p34; Ashton, p161

41
CHA, p37

42
CHM, p20

43
CHA, p37

44
CHA, pp29, 34

45
CHM, p17

46
WH Papers 1, pxvii

47
WH Archive, William and Jacob Mss Letters 1761-63

48
WH Archive Mss Letters March 1761; also WH Chronicle, p18

49
WH Archive Mss Letters May 1761; also WH Chronicle, p26

50
WH Archive Mss Letter October 1761; also WH Chronicle, p28

51
WH Chronicle, p24

52
WH Archive Mss Letter October 1761; also WH Chronicle, p28

53
WH Papers 1, pxc, letter to Nevil Maskelyne

54
Armitage, p21

55
Ibid., p22

56
Ibid., p20

57
CHA, p7

58
CHA, p113; CHM, p18

59
CHA, p36

60
Ian Woodward, ‘The Celebrated Quarrel between Thomas Linley and William Herschel’, pamphlet printed Bath (British Library catalogue L.409.c.585.1); also WH Chronicle, pp42-3

61
WH Papers 1, ppxx-xxi

62
Armitage, p22

63
Crowe, 1986, pp124-9

64
James Gleick,
Isaac Newton,
2003

65
Derek Howse,
Nevil Maskelyne,
1989, pp70-1

66
Howse, pp66-72

67
Michael Hoskin,
The Herschel Partnership,
p21

68
CHM, pp22-3

69
CHA, p24

70
CHM, p25

71
CHM, p27

72
CHM, p32

73
CHA, p53

74
CHA, p123

75
CHM, p33

76
CHA, p51; CHM, p35

77
WH Mss 6278 1/8/8, dated 1784. But the use of the diminutive ‘Lina’ first becomes evident in manuscripts dating from 1779

78
WH Mss 6290

79
CHA, p52; CHM, p35

80
CHA, p55

81
CHA, p52; CHM, pp36-7

82
CHM, pp37-8

83
CHA, p55

84
WH Papers 1, Introduction

85
WH Mss 6290

86
JB Correspondence 1; Hoskin, p46

87
I owe these acute observations to Dr Percy Harrison, Head of Science, Eton College

88
WH Mss, H W.2/1. 1f.i

89
WH Mss, ‘Herschel’s First Observation Journal’, Ms 6280

90
Michael Crowe,
Extraterrestrial,
1994, pp42, 74-5. Herschel eventually increased it to 2,500 by 1820, and Edwin Hubble to 17,000 by the mid-twentieth century.

91
Armitage, p22

92
WH Mss 6290 7/8, dated January 1782; also WH Chronicle, p73

93
WH Chronicle, p72

94
WH Mss 6278 1/8/5

95
CHA, p127

96
CHA, p128

97
CHA, p129

98
CHM, p40

99
WH Mss 6290

100
Michael Crowe,
Theories of the Universe,
1994

101
James Ferguson,
Astronomy Explained,
1756, p5; and discussed by Michael Crowe,
Extraterrestrial,
1986, p60

102
Crowe,
Extraterrestrial,
p170; also Crowe,
Theories of the Universe,
1994, p73

103
CHM, p42

104
CHA, p61

105
CHA, p61

106
WH Papers vol 1, plxxxvii

107
WH Mss W.3/1.4, drafted 1778-79; discussed Crowe, 1986, pp64—5

108
WH Mss 6280, Observation Journal, 28 May 1776; and Crowe, 1986, p63

109
WH Mss W.3/1.4, drafted 1778-79, from Crowe, 1986, p65

110
CHA, p61

111
WH Mss 6280, First Observation Book

112
CHA, p61

113
WH Mss 6280, First Observation Book

114
Ibid., pp31ff, 170ff

115
CHA, p62

116
Simon Schaffer,
Journal of the History of Astronomy,
vol 12, 1981

117
Howse, p147

118
Schaffer, ‘Uranus and Herschel’s Astronomy’,
Journal for the History of Astronomy,
vol 12, 1981, p12

119
WH Papers 1, p36

120
WH Mss 6279; also WH Chronicle, p79

121
WH Mss 6279; WH Chronicle, p81

122
WH Papers 1; WH Chronicle, pp81-2

123
Howse, pp147-8

124
See WH Chronicle, pp78-80

125
WH Chronicle, p86, from Schaffer,
Journal of the History of Astronomy,
vol 12, 1981, ‘Uranus and Herschel’s Astronomy’, p14

126
Watson, letter to Herschel 25 May 1781, in WH Chronicle, p85

127
Howse,
Maskelyne,
p149

128
WH Chronicle, p95

129
‘A Letter to Sir Joseph Banks Bart. PRS’, 1783, in WH Papers 1, pp100-1

130
WH Mss 6278 1/7, letter 19 November 1781; also JB Correspondence 1, p292

131
JH Mss 6278 1/1/57

132
JH Mss 6278 1/1/63

133
‘Account of My Life to Dr Hutton’, 1809, from WH Chronicle, p79

134
WH Chronicle, p95

135
John Bonnycastle,
Introduction to Astronomy in Letters to a Pupil,
1786 (expanded edition 1811), pp354-7

136
Ibid., p241

137
Immanuel Kant,
Universal Natural History and the Theory of the Heavens,
1755 (translation 1969, British Library catalogue 9350.d.649), Part I, p67. Kant also wrote: ‘There is here no end but an abyss of real immensity, in the presence of which all the capability of human conception sinks exhausted, although it is supported by the aid of the science of mathematics.’ Part I, p65

138
Erasmus Darwin,
The Botanic Garden,
1791, Canto 1, lines 100-14, and Note to line 105; see also Canto 2, lines 14-82, and Canto 4, line 34

139
WH Chronicle, p102

140
JB Correspondence 1, p299

141
WH Chronicle, p101

142
JB Correspondence 1, p307

143
WH Chronicle, pp103-4

144
CHM, p45

145
CHM, p46; Howse, p148

146
WH Chronicle, pp115-16

147
Peter Sime,
William Herschel,
1890, pp259-61

148
WH Chronicle, p116

149
WH Mss 6278 1/8/6, 20 May 1782

150
CHA, pp66-7

151
CHM, pp48-9

152
Holmes,
Coleridge: Early Visions,
1994, pp18-19

153
Coleridge,
The Ancient Mariner,
Part IV, lines 263-71

154
Andrew Motion,
Keats,
Faber, 1997, pp27, 39, 121

155
WH Papers 1, pxix

156
Herschel to Johann Bode at Berlin, 20 July 1785, WH Mss 6278/11, p134

157
WH Mss 5278 1/4

158
Lucien Bonaparte, Wikipedia

159
WH Papers 1, pxix

160
CHA, p82

161
Samuel Johnson,
Collected Letters,
edited by Bruce Redford, vol III, 25 March 1784, p144

162
CHM, pp50-5

163
Hoskin, pp74-5

164
WH Mss 6281, Observation Journal No. 5, 1782

165
WH Chronicle, p105

166
WH Mss 6268 3/11

167
Ibid.

168
CHM, p52

169
Ibid.

170
WH Archive

171
CHM, p52

172
WH Papers 1, pp261-2; and WH Chronicle, pp222-3

173
CHM, p52

174
CHA, p77

175
CHA, p76

176
CHA, p77

177
Ibid.

178
Ibid.; and CHM, p55

179
WH Chronicle, pp190-5: a risky claim perhaps

180
WH Papers 1, pp157-66

181
Ibid. Illustrated in Armitage and Crowe, 1996, excerpts

182
Michael J. Crowe,
Modern Theories of the Universe from Herschel to Hubble,
Chicago UP, 1994

183
WH Papers 1, p265

184
WH Papers 1, p223

185
WH Papers 1, p225, a phrase repeated at end of this paper, at p259. Other extraordinary descriptions of galaxies evolving like plants growing or humans ageing occur in ‘Catalogue of a Second Thousand of new Nebulae’, 1789, WH Papers 1, pp330 and 337-8. Also in ‘On Nebulae Stars, properly so called’, 1791, WH Papers 1, pp415ff. See discussion in Edwin Hubble,
The Realm of the Nebulae,
1933; and Michael Crowe,
Theories of the Universe,
1996