Swinburne's morality was questioned with the publication of
Poems and Ballads
(1866).
A Song of Italy
(1867) and
Songs Before Sunrise
(1871), demonstrating his support for Mazzini and Italian independence, were followed by the more temperate
Poems and Ballads: Second Series
(1878). In 1879, he moved to Putney, where Theodore Watts-Dunton helped Swinburne curtail his heavy drinking. He subsequently published three volumes of poems, dramas, and influential works of literary criticism.
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Arthur Symons (18651945)
Born in Pembrokeshire, Symons contributed to
The Yellow Book
and edited
The Savoy
(1896), where he published Beardsley, Conrad, Dowson, and others. A leading member of the Decadent movement (1890s), he introduced French Symbolism to England with
The Symbolist Movement in Literature
(1899); wrote studies of Blake, Baudelaire, Pater, and Wilde; and published his own poetry, including
Days and Nights
(1889) and
Images of Good and Evil
(1899). In 19081909 he suffered a nervous collapse, recorded, with his recovery, in
Confessions
(1930).
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Jane Taylor (17831824)
Born in London, the daughter of a dissenting minister, Taylor lived in Suffolk (17861795), Colchester (17961810), and Ongar (1811), writing stories, plays, and verse from an early age. She worked as an engraver and, with her sister Ann, wrote
Original Poems for Infant Minds
(1804) and
Rhymes for the Nursery
(1806). Her novel,
Display
(1815), was followed by essays for
Youth's Magazine
(18161822);
Essays in Rhyme
(1816), and collections of poems and fiction.
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Alfred Tennyson, First Baron (18091892)
Born in Lincolnshire to a psychically unstable family, Tennyson was educated at Cambridge. He joined the Apostles, befriended Arthur Hallam, and traveled with him to the Continent.
Poems, Chiefly Lyrical
(1830) was followed by
Poems
(1833), which was reviewed harshly. A ten years' silence followed, during which Tennyson wrote brief elegies on Hallam, who had died abroad (1833). He published
Poems
(1842), followed by
In Memoriam
(1850), and
Maud
(1855). Appointed poet laureate (1850), Tennyson married Emily Sellwood that same year, establishing his fame with "The Charge of the Light Brigade" (1854) and several volumes, including
Idylls of the King
(1859).
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Dylan Thomas (19141953)
Born in Swansea, Thomas worked as a journalist before moving to London (1934) and marrying Caitlin Macnamara (1937). He worked as a script writer and broadcaster for the BBC during World War II.
18 Poems
(1934) and
Twenty-Five Poems
(1936) attracted the attention of Edith Sitwell, while
New Poems
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