Read The Complete Poetry of John Milton Online
Authors: John Milton
Tags: #English; Irish; Scottish; Welsh, #Poetry, #European
350
Proceeding from the mouth of God; who fed
Our Fathers here with Manna; in the Mount
Moses
was forty days,
17
nor eat nor drank,
And forty days
Eliah
without food
Wander’d this barren waste,
18
the same I now:
355
Why dost thou then suggest to me distrust,
Knowing who I am, as I know who thou art?
Whom thus answer’d th’ Arch Fiend now undisguis’d.
’Tis true, I am that Spirit unfortunate,
Who leagu’d with millions more in rash revolt
360
Kept not my happy Station, but was driv’n
With them from bliss to the bottomless deep,
Yet to that hideous place not so confin’d
By rigour unconniving,
19
but that oft
Leaving my dolorous Prison I enjoy
365
Large liberty to round this Globe of Earth,
Or range in th’ Air, nor from the Heav’n of Heav’ns
Hath he excluded my resort sometimes.
I came among the Sons of God, when he
Gave up into my hands
Uzzean Job
370
To prove him, and illustrate his high worth;
And when to all his Angels he propos’d
To draw the proud King
Ahab
into fraud
That he might fall in
Ramoth
, they demurring,
I undertook that office, and the tongues
375
Of all his flattering Prophets glibb’d with lies
To his destruction, as I had in charge.
20
For what he bids I do; though I have lost
Much lustre of my native brightness, lost
To be belov’d of God, I have not lost
380
To love, at least contemplate and admire
What I see excellent in good, or fair,
Or vertuous, I should so have lost all sense.
What can be then less in me then desire
To see thee and approach thee, whom I know
385
Declar’d the Son of God, to hear attent
21
Thy wisdom, and behold thy God-like deeds?
Men generally think me much a foe
To all mankind: why should I? they to me
Never did wrong or violence, by them
390
I lost not what I lost, rather by them
I gain’d what I have gain’d, and with them dwell
Copartner in these Regions of the World,
If not disposer; lend them oft my aid,
Oft my advice by presages and signs,
395
And answers, oracles, portents and dreams,
Whereby they may direct their future life.
Envy they say excites me, thus to gain
Companions of my misery and wo.
At first it may be; but long since with wo
400
Nearer acquainted, now I feel by proof,
That fellowship in pain divides not smart,
Nor lightens aught each mans peculiar load.
Small consolation then, were Man adjoyn’d:
This wounds me most (what can it less) that Man,
405
Man fall’n shall be restor’d, I never more.
To whom our Saviour sternly thus reply’d.
Deservedly thou griev’st, compos’d of lies
From the beginning, and in lies wilt end;
Who boast’st release from Hell, and leave to come
410
Into the Heav’n of Heav’ns; thou corn’st indeed,
As a poor miserable captive thrall
Comes to the place where he before had sat
Among the Prime in Splendour, now depos’d,
Ejected, emptied, gaz’d, unpitied, shun’d,
415
A spectacle of ruin or of scorn
To all the Host of Heav’n; the happy place
Imparts to thee no happiness, no joy,
Rather inflames thy torment, representing
Lost bliss, to thee no more communicable,
420
So never more in Hell then when in Heav’n.
But thou art serviceable to Heav’ns King.
Wilt thou impute t’ obedience what thy fear
Extorts, or pleasure to do ill excites?
What but thy malice mov’d thee to misdeem
425
Of righteous
Job
, then cruelly to afflict him
With all inflictions, but his patience won?
The other service was thy chosen task,
To be a liar in four hundred mouths;
22
For lying is thy sustenance, thy food.
23
430
Yet thou pretend’st to truth; all Oracles
By thee are giv’n, and what confest more true
Among the Nations? that hath been thy craft,
By mixing somewhat true to vent more lies.
But what have been thy answers, what but dark,
435
Ambiguous and with double sense deluding,
Which they who ask’d have seldom understood,
And not well understood as good not known?
Who ever by consulting at thy shrine
Return’d the wiser, or the more instruct
440
To fly or follow what concern’d him most,
And run not sooner to his fatal snare?
For God hath justly giv’n the Nations up
To thy Delusions; justly, since they fell
Idolatrous, but when his purpose is
445
Among them to declare his Providence
To thee not known, whence hast thou then thy truth,
But from him or his Angels President
24
In every Province, who themselves disdaining
T’ approach thy Temples, give thee in command
450
What to the smallest tittle thou shalt say
To thy Adorers; thou with trembling fear,
Or like a Fawning Parasite obey’st;
Then to thy self ascrib’st the truth fore-told.
But this thy glory shall be soon retrench’d;
455
No more shalt thou by oracling abuse
The Gentiles; henceforth Oracles are ceast,
And thou no more with Pomp and Sacrifice
Shalt be enquir’d at
Delphos
or elsewhere,
At least in vain, for they shall find thee mute.
460
God hath now sent his living Oracle
Into the World, to teach his final will,
And sends his Spirit of Truth henceforth to dwell
In pious Hearts, an inward Oracle
To all truth requisite for men to know.
465
So spake our Saviour; but the subtle Fiend,
Though inly stung with anger and disdain,
Dissembl’d, and this Answer smooth return’d.
Sharply thou hast insisted on rebuke,
And urg’d me hard with doings, which not will
470
But misery hath wrested from me; where
Easily canst thou find one miserable,
And not inforc’d oft-times to part from truth;
If it may stand him more in stead to lie,
Say and unsay, feign, flatter, or abjure?
475
But thou art plac’t above me, thou art Lord;
From thee I can and must submiss
25
endure
Check or reproof, and glad to scape so quit.
Hard are the ways of truth, and rough to walk,
Smooth on the tongue discourst, pleasing to th’ ear,
480
And tuneable as Silvan Pipe or Song;
What wonder then if I delight to hear
Her dictates from thy mouth? most men admire
Vertue, who follow not her lore: permit me
To hear thee when I come (since no man comes)
485
And talk at least, though I despair t’ attain.
Thy Father, who is holy, wise and pure,
Suffers the Hypocrite or Atheous Priest
To tread his Sacred Courts, and minister
About his Altar, handling holy things,
490
Praying or vowing, and vouchsaf’d his voice
To
Balaam
26
Reprobate, a Prophet yet
Inspir’d; disdain not such access to me.
To whom our Saviour with unalter’d brow.
Thy coming hither, though I know thy scope,
495
I bid not or forbid; do as thou find’st
Permission from above; thou canst not more.
He added not; and Satan bowing low
His gray dissimulation, disappear’d
Into thin Air diffus’d: for now began
500
Night with her sullen wing to double-shade
The Desert, Fowls in thir clay nests were couch’t;
And now wild Beasts came forth the woods to roam.
1
Drawn from Luke iv. 1–13 and Matt. iv. 1–11, the brief epic elaborates the three temptations in the wilderness: As Barbara Lewalski (
SP
, LVII, 1960, 186–220) views the poem, the first temptation (
concupiscentia carnis
or that of the flesh—hunger) explores Christ’s role as prophet in I, 294–502; it is concerned with the opposition of truth and falsehood. The second temptation (
concupiscentia oculorum
or that of the world—kingdoms) explores Christ’s role as king in II, 302–IV, 393; this extended assault on the virtues of temperance, contentment, magnanimity, and modesty is concerned with
voluptaria
(lures of sex, II, 153–234, and hunger, II, 302–405),
activa
(wealth, II, 406–86; glory, III, 108–44; and kingdom, III, 150–IV, 211) and
contemplativa
(poetry and philosophy, IV, 212–364). The third temptation (
superbia vitae
or that of the devil—the tower) explores Christ’s role as priest in IV, 397–580; it involves imagery of the passion, sustained by patience and fortitude, leading to full identity as Son of God. The temptations to gluttony, avarice, and vainglory are arranged to move from necessity and limited bodily appeal, to fraud and man’s relationships with the world, to violence and the pervasiveness of sin in all things, should the Son fall, through rejection of man’s relationship with God. Christ is conceived as an example of Aristotelian magnanimity, as Merritt Y. Hughes illustrates in
SP
, XXXV (1938), 258–72; that is, a hero who whether accepting or refusing riches, advantages, or honors is actuated by a proper regard for his own dignity. Satan, on the other hand, is the antithesis of Christ: selfish, ambitious, devious, quibbling, and envious. As allegory, the poem points the way to achieve the kingdom of heaven: through virtuous obedience to God.