The Complete Poetry of John Milton (133 page)

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Authors: John Milton

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BOOK: The Complete Poetry of John Milton
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350

   350     
Proceeding from the mouth of God; who fed

               
Our Fathers here with Manna; in the Mount

               
Moses
was forty days,
17
nor eat nor drank,

               
And forty days
Eliah
without food

               
Wander’d this barren waste,
18
the same I now:

355

   355     
Why dost thou then suggest to me distrust,

               
Knowing who I am, as I know who thou art?

           
      
       Whom thus answer’d th’ Arch Fiend now undisguis’d.

               
’Tis true, I am that Spirit unfortunate,

               
Who leagu’d with millions more in rash revolt

360

   360     
Kept not my happy Station, but was driv’n

               
With them from bliss to the bottomless deep,

               
Yet to that hideous place not so confin’d

               
By rigour unconniving,
19
but that oft

               
Leaving my dolorous Prison I enjoy

365

   365     
Large liberty to round this Globe of Earth,

               
Or range in th’ Air, nor from the Heav’n of Heav’ns

               
Hath he excluded my resort sometimes.

               
I came among the Sons of God, when he

               
Gave up into my hands
Uzzean Job

370

   370     
To prove him, and illustrate his high worth;

               
And when to all his Angels he propos’d

               
To draw the proud King
Ahab
into fraud

               
That he might fall in
Ramoth
, they demurring,

               
I undertook that office, and the tongues

375

   375     
Of all his flattering Prophets glibb’d with lies

               
To his destruction, as I had in charge.
20

               
For what he bids I do; though I have lost

               
Much lustre of my native brightness, lost

               
To be belov’d of God, I have not lost

380

   380     
To love, at least contemplate and admire

               
What I see excellent in good, or fair,

               
Or vertuous, I should so have lost all sense.

               
What can be then less in me then desire

               
To see thee and approach thee, whom I know

385

   385     
Declar’d the Son of God, to hear attent
21

               
Thy wisdom, and behold thy God-like deeds?

               
Men generally think me much a foe

               
To all mankind: why should I? they to me

               
Never did wrong or violence, by them

390

   390     
I lost not what I lost, rather by them

               
I gain’d what I have gain’d, and with them dwell

               
Copartner in these Regions of the World,

               
If not disposer; lend them oft my aid,

               
Oft my advice by presages and signs,

395

   395     
And answers, oracles, portents and dreams,

               
Whereby they may direct their future life.

               
Envy they say excites me, thus to gain

               
Companions of my misery and wo.

               
At first it may be; but long since with wo

400

   400     
Nearer acquainted, now I feel by proof,

               
That fellowship in pain divides not smart,

               
Nor lightens aught each mans peculiar load.

               
Small consolation then, were Man adjoyn’d:

               
This wounds me most (what can it less) that Man,

405

   405     
Man fall’n shall be restor’d, I never more.

           
      
       To whom our Saviour sternly thus reply’d.

               
Deservedly thou griev’st, compos’d of lies

               
From the beginning, and in lies wilt end;

               
Who boast’st release from Hell, and leave to come

410

   410     
Into the Heav’n of Heav’ns; thou corn’st indeed,

               
As a poor miserable captive thrall

               
Comes to the place where he before had sat

               
Among the Prime in Splendour, now depos’d,

               
Ejected, emptied, gaz’d, unpitied, shun’d,

415

   415     
A spectacle of ruin or of scorn

               
To all the Host of Heav’n; the happy place

               
Imparts to thee no happiness, no joy,

               
Rather inflames thy torment, representing

               
Lost bliss, to thee no more communicable,

420

   420     
So never more in Hell then when in Heav’n.

               
But thou art serviceable to Heav’ns King.

               
Wilt thou impute t’ obedience what thy fear

               
Extorts, or pleasure to do ill excites?

               
What but thy malice mov’d thee to misdeem

425

   425     
Of righteous
Job
, then cruelly to afflict him

               
With all inflictions, but his patience won?

               
The other service was thy chosen task,

               
To be a liar in four hundred mouths;
22

               
For lying is thy sustenance, thy food.
23

430

   430     
Yet thou pretend’st to truth; all Oracles

               
By thee are giv’n, and what confest more true

               
Among the Nations? that hath been thy craft,

               
By mixing somewhat true to vent more lies.

               
But what have been thy answers, what but dark,

435

   435     
Ambiguous and with double sense deluding,

               
Which they who ask’d have seldom understood,

               
And not well understood as good not known?

               
Who ever by consulting at thy shrine

               
Return’d the wiser, or the more instruct

440

   440     
To fly or follow what concern’d him most,

               
And run not sooner to his fatal snare?

               
For God hath justly giv’n the Nations up

               
To thy Delusions; justly, since they fell

               
Idolatrous, but when his purpose is

445

   445     
Among them to declare his Providence

               
To thee not known, whence hast thou then thy truth,

               
But from him or his Angels President
24

               
In every Province, who themselves disdaining

               
T’ approach thy Temples, give thee in command

450

   450     
What to the smallest tittle thou shalt say

               
To thy Adorers; thou with trembling fear,

               
Or like a Fawning Parasite obey’st;

               
Then to thy self ascrib’st the truth fore-told.

               
But this thy glory shall be soon retrench’d;

455

   455     
No more shalt thou by oracling abuse

               
The Gentiles; henceforth Oracles are ceast,

               
And thou no more with Pomp and Sacrifice

               
Shalt be enquir’d at
Delphos
or elsewhere,

               
At least in vain, for they shall find thee mute.

460

   460     
God hath now sent his living Oracle

               
Into the World, to teach his final will,

               
And sends his Spirit of Truth henceforth to dwell

               
In pious Hearts, an inward Oracle

               
To all truth requisite for men to know.

465

   465  
      
       So spake our Saviour; but the subtle Fiend,

               
Though inly stung with anger and disdain,

               
Dissembl’d, and this Answer smooth return’d.

           
      
       Sharply thou hast insisted on rebuke,

               
And urg’d me hard with doings, which not will

470

   470     
But misery hath wrested from me; where

               
Easily canst thou find one miserable,

               
And not inforc’d oft-times to part from truth;

               
If it may stand him more in stead to lie,

               
Say and unsay, feign, flatter, or abjure?

475

   475     
But thou art plac’t above me, thou art Lord;

               
From thee I can and must submiss
25
endure

               
Check or reproof, and glad to scape so quit.

               
Hard are the ways of truth, and rough to walk,

               
Smooth on the tongue discourst, pleasing to th’ ear,

480

   480     
And tuneable as Silvan Pipe or Song;

               
What wonder then if I delight to hear

               
Her dictates from thy mouth? most men admire

               
Vertue, who follow not her lore: permit me

               
To hear thee when I come (since no man comes)

485

   485     
And talk at least, though I despair t’ attain.

               
Thy Father, who is holy, wise and pure,

               
Suffers the Hypocrite or Atheous Priest

               
To tread his Sacred Courts, and minister

               
About his Altar, handling holy things,

490

   490     
Praying or vowing, and vouchsaf’d his voice

               
To
Balaam
26
Reprobate, a Prophet yet

               
Inspir’d; disdain not such access to me.

           
      
       To whom our Saviour with unalter’d brow.

               
Thy coming hither, though I know thy scope,

495

   495     
I bid not or forbid; do as thou find’st

               
Permission from above; thou canst not more.

           
      
       He added not; and Satan bowing low

               
His gray dissimulation, disappear’d

               
Into thin Air diffus’d: for now began

500

   500     
Night with her sullen wing to double-shade

               
The Desert, Fowls in thir clay nests were couch’t;

               
And now wild Beasts came forth the woods to roam.

1
Drawn from Luke iv. 1–13 and Matt. iv. 1–11, the brief epic elaborates the three temptations in the wilderness: As Barbara Lewalski (
SP
, LVII, 1960, 186–220) views the poem, the first temptation (
concupiscentia carnis
or that of the flesh—hunger) explores Christ’s role as prophet in I, 294–502; it is concerned with the opposition of truth and falsehood. The second temptation (
concupiscentia oculorum
or that of the world—kingdoms) explores Christ’s role as king in II, 302–IV, 393; this extended assault on the virtues of temperance, contentment, magnanimity, and modesty is concerned with
voluptaria
(lures of sex, II, 153–234, and hunger, II, 302–405),
activa
(wealth, II, 406–86; glory, III, 108–44; and kingdom, III, 150–IV, 211) and
contemplativa
(poetry and philosophy, IV, 212–364). The third temptation (
superbia vitae
or that of the devil—the tower) explores Christ’s role as priest in IV, 397–580; it involves imagery of the passion, sustained by patience and fortitude, leading to full identity as Son of God. The temptations to gluttony, avarice, and vainglory are arranged to move from necessity and limited bodily appeal, to fraud and man’s relationships with the world, to violence and the pervasiveness of sin in all things, should the Son fall, through rejection of man’s relationship with God. Christ is conceived as an example of Aristotelian magnanimity, as Merritt Y. Hughes illustrates in
SP
, XXXV (1938), 258–72; that is, a hero who whether accepting or refusing riches, advantages, or honors is actuated by a proper regard for his own dignity. Satan, on the other hand, is the antithesis of Christ: selfish, ambitious, devious, quibbling, and envious. As allegory, the poem points the way to achieve the kingdom of heaven: through virtuous obedience to God.

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