The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions (1279 page)

BOOK: The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions
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. The kh
ls
remain the guardians of orthodox Sikh principles.
Khamr
(Arab., ‘fermented drink, wine’). Intoxicants forbidden (
haram
) in Islam. In Qur’
n 5. 90–1/93–4, wine is linked with gambling and divination with arrows as an abominable creation of Satan. Khamr was extended by
Mu
ammad
to include every intoxicant (not just wine), and trading in khamr is forbidden, as is its exchange as a gift. If it was proved that tobacco is always harmful, it would be prohibited; and many Muslims already regard it as in that category. In contrast, 47. 15/16 states that in the
Garden
are ‘rivers of wine, a joy to those who drink’. But in the Garden, those who are safe are beyond being diverted from their adoration of God. See also
ALCOHOL
;
OMAR KHAYYAM
.
Khanaqah
(assembly place of derwishes; Fitzgerald's tavern)
:
Kha
(Pañj
b
, ‘domain’). Stages of spiritual progress for a Sikh who is moving from
manmukh
to
gurmukh
: see
SIKHISM
.

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