The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions (1561 page)

BOOK: The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions
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Mleccha
(foreigner):
Mobed
(Zoroastrian priest):
see
MAGI
.
Mo-chao ch’an
(Chinese Ch’an/Zen master):
Mo-chia
(Chin.):
see
MOHISM
.
Modalism
.
The more important kind of
monarchian
doctrine in Christianity of the 2nd–3rd cents. Its most sophisticated form was
Sabellianism
. See also
PATRIPASSIANISM
.
Modernism
.
The attempt, especially in the
Roman Catholic Church
at the beginning of the 20th cent., to reformulate doctrine in the light of contemporary philosophical and scientific research. Exegetes, the most distinguished of whom was Alfred
Loisy
, argued that the scriptures had to be treated simply as historical documents, and studied without reference to tradition or to the
magisterium
of the Church. Modernism was condemned by the
Holy Office
in the decree
Lamentabili
of July 1907, and by Pius X's
encyclical
Pascendi
the following Sept. The ensuing purge in the Church has been known as ‘the anti-modernist terror’, requiring as it did the anti-Modernist oath. Outside the RC Church modernism may be generally identified with theologically liberal Protestantism; and with the movement in
Anglicanism
which issued in the Modern Churchmen's Union.
Mo‘ed
(Heb., ‘season’). One of the orders of the Jewish
Mishnah
.
Mo‘ed
is composed of twelve tractates dealing with
Sabbaths
,
Festivals
, and
Fasts
.

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