The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions (851 page)
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Authors: John Bowker
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Giku
(Chinese Ch’an/Zen master)
:
(Chinese Ch’an/Zen master)
:
Gilbert of Sempringham
(
c.
1083–1189).
Founder of the Gilbertine Order of monks and nuns. While parish priest of his native Sempringham in Lincolnshire, he encouraged seven women of his congregation to form a community on the
Cistercian
model. Other foundations followed. When the Cistercians refused to accept communities of nuns under their aegis, Gilbert arranged for the direction of his nuns by priests following the
Augustinian
Rule, who together with the nuns, and the lay-brothers and lay-sisters, formed a double community, sharing their liturgical life. It was the only purely English medieval order.
c.
1083–1189).
Founder of the Gilbertine Order of monks and nuns. While parish priest of his native Sempringham in Lincolnshire, he encouraged seven women of his congregation to form a community on the
Cistercian
model. Other foundations followed. When the Cistercians refused to accept communities of nuns under their aegis, Gilbert arranged for the direction of his nuns by priests following the
Augustinian
Rule, who together with the nuns, and the lay-brothers and lay-sisters, formed a double community, sharing their liturgical life. It was the only purely English medieval order.
Gilgit
.
.
An area between Chitral and Baltistan where
stupas
of c. 5th/6th cents. CE have revealed the earliest known list of Buddhist magical formulae (
dh
ra
s
).
stupas
of c. 5th/6th cents. CE have revealed the earliest known list of Buddhist magical formulae (
dh
ras).
Gilgul
(Heb.,
gilgul neshamot
, ‘transmigration of souls’). The Jewish doctrine of the transmigration of
souls
. Although belief in the transmigration of souls was rejected by the major medieval Jewish philosophers, it was held by
Anan b. David
, the founder of
Karaism
, and it is expressed in many
kabbalistic
texts. The purpose of transmigration was the purification of the soul.
gilgul neshamot
, ‘transmigration of souls’). The Jewish doctrine of the transmigration of
souls
. Although belief in the transmigration of souls was rejected by the major medieval Jewish philosophers, it was held by
Anan b. David
, the founder of
Karaism
, and it is expressed in many
kabbalistic
texts. The purpose of transmigration was the purification of the soul.
Gill, Eric
(1882–1940).
Artist and type-designer. From 1907 to 1924 he was associated with the Ditchling community and with its press. In the last decade of his life he wrote a number of influential books defending the goodness of natural things, and, in life, even ‘its Rabelaisian buffoonery and pig-style coarseness. All these things are good and holy.’ His expression of this in his personal life created strain for those close to him.
Artist and type-designer. From 1907 to 1924 he was associated with the Ditchling community and with its press. In the last decade of his life he wrote a number of influential books defending the goodness of natural things, and, in life, even ‘its Rabelaisian buffoonery and pig-style coarseness. All these things are good and holy.’ His expression of this in his personal life created strain for those close to him.
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