The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions (972 page)

BOOK: The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions
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Heaven's Gate
.
A US cult which achieved notoriety in 1997, when 39 of its members committed
suicide
. Marshall Applewhite persuaded his followers that the comet Hale-Bopp was the precursor of a space vehicle to which, after death, they would be taken. Several men had already begun to detach themselves by castration (cf. Matthew 19. 12,
Origen
).
Hebraeus, Leo
(alternative name of Jewish philosopher and poet)
:
Hebrews
.
Biblical term for those who became the Jews. The origin of the word and its connection with
Habiru
are disputed, but the term subsequently became synonymous with ‘Jew’.
Hebrews, Letter to the
.
Book of the New Testament. Hebrews was traditionally included among
Paul's
letters, but it does not bear his name and nothing else points to him as the author.
Hebrew Union College—Jewish Institute of Religion
.
Oldest seminary in the USA dedicated to Jewish studies and the training of
Reform
rabbis
. The Hebrew Union College was founded in Cincinnati, Ohio, by Isaac Meyer
Wise
in 1875. The Jewish Institute of Religion was founded in New York by Stephen S. Wise in 1922, and the two schools were merged in 1950.
eder
(Heb., ‘room’). Traditional Jewish elementary school. The term
eder first occurred in the 13th cent. CE. These schools were much scorned by the Maskilim of the
Haskalah
, leading to an attempt at modification (
eder metukkan, ‘reformed
eder’), but the attempt failed.

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