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The Dream and the Tomb

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Praise for
THE DREAM
AND THE TOMB

“An epic cast and setting. High quality, splendidly readable.”

—Boston Globe

“The important things about Robert Payne are his sensitive, astute intelligence, his vast erudition, and his magic power over words. . . . If anyone can capture the spiritual essence of a place, of a way of life, of an exotic culture, Payne can.”

—New York Times

“Based on wide reading in the secondary literature, organized around famous crusading leaders, and filled with romantic and anecdotal material, Payne tells an old story exceptionally well.”

—
Library Journal

“Probably no author of this century has produced so many books at such a relatively high level of scholarship.”

—
The [London] Times

THE DREAM
AND THE TOMB

THE DREAM
AND THE TOMB
THE DREAM
AND THE TOMB
A History of the Crusades

Robert Payne

Maps of The Four Crusader States, The Ayubite Empire, The Crusade of St. Louis, Events in Egypt, Egypt and Syria, Homelands of Turks, Mongols, and Circassians, and The Fall of Acre are from
Soldiers of Fortune: The Story of the Mamelukes
by Sir John Glubb, reprinted courtesy of Stein and Day Publishers.

First Cooper Square Press edition 2000

This Cooper Square Press paperback edition of
The Dream and the Tomb
is an unabridged republication of the edition first published in Briarcliff Manor, New York in 1984.

Copyright © 1984 by Sheila Lalwani Payne

All rights reserved.

No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without written permission from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote passages in a review.

Published by Cooper Square Press

An Imprint of the Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc.

150 Fifth Avenue, Suite 911

New York, New York 10011

Distributed by National Book Network

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Payne, Robert, 1911–1983

The dream and the tomb : a history of the Crusades / Robert Payne.— 1st Cooper Square Press ed.

p. cm.

Originally published: New York : Stein and Day, 1984.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN: 978-0-8154-1086-7

1. Crusades. I. Title.

D157 .P35 2000

909.07- dc21

00-057010

The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992.

Manufactured in the United States of America.

This book is dedicated to
THE MARTYRS OF ALL WARS
Acknowledgments

My late husband, Robert Payne, spent close to seven years researching this book, reading both Western and Arab historians. It is, therefore, an unbiased approach to a most complex subject; it is also a vivid and colorful panorama of the first great confrontation between the Muslim East and the Christian West. In an earlier book,
The Holy Sword
, published in 1959, Robert wrote: “Out of Arabia there came a proud and august people who in their time conquered most of the known world, and there is still too little about them in our history books. Sooner or later we shall have to learn to live with them.”

I hope
The Dream and the Tomb
will help people of all faiths to learn to understand each other and to live with each other. For my husband, this book was a work of love and hope.

It is not often that a major book is published so soon after an author's death. If there are any inconsistencies or omissions, I hope the reader will understand.

I am extremely grateful to Sol Stein and to Benton Arnovitz for overseeing the whole project. I am also very grateful to Patricia Day and to Toby Stein for doing a superb job of editing. My sincere thanks also go to everyone concerned for their help and support. In particular, I would like to thank The Arts of Asia Foundation and The Very Reverend James Parks Morton, Dean of the Cathedral of St. John The Divine.

Sheila Lalwani Payne

Contents

I THE VOICE FROM THE TOMB

The Dream and the Tomb

Thunder out of Arabia

In the Fields of Clermont

The Crusade of the Poor

A Pride of Princes

Under the Walls of Constantinople

II THE DARK ROADS TO THE HOLY LAND

Journey Through the Wilderness

The Siege of Antioch

The King of the Tafurs

The Finding of the Holy Lance

The Triumph

III THE KINGS WHO CAME FROM ABROAD

The Quarrels of the Princes

King Baldwin I

The Armed Might of the Crusaders

King Baldwin II

King Fulk of Anjou

IV THE KINGS BORN IN THE HOLY LAND

The Young King Baldwin III

The Second Crusade

King Baldwin III and the Heroic Age

KingAmaury I

V THE YOUNG KING'S VALOR AND THE FALL OF JERUSALEM

Baldwin IV: The Leper King

King Baldwin IV Against Saladin

The Horns of Hattin

Islam Takes Jerusalem

Three Letters

VI THE RAGES OF KING RICHARD

A Journey to Joachim

Slow Boat to Acre

Richard and Saladin

A Famous Victory

Marches and Countermarches

The Old Man of the Mountain

VII THE DOGE IN HIS SPLENDOR

The Vermilion Galley

The Burning City

The Devastation of Constantinople

VIII THE WASTING OF THE TREASURE

The Children's Crusades

The Plagues of Egypt

IX FREDERICK, EMPEROR OF THE ROMANS, EVER GLORIOUS

The Stupor of the World

Brief Victory

The Disaster at La Forbie

X THE SAINT IN HIS TOILS

The Pilgrimages of St. Louis

Victory and Defeat at Damietta

St. Louis in Acre

The Death of St. Louis

XI THE AX FALLS

Baibars

The End of the Kingdom

The Last Throw of the Dice

Notes

Select Bibliography

Index

Maps

Routes of the Crusades

Asia Minor and the Holy Land

Crusader Fortifications and Settlements

Crusader Jerusalem

The Four Crusader States (1099-1144)

The Ayubite Empire

The Crusade of St. Louis

Events in Egypt, 1249-1251

Egypt and Syria in 1254

Homelands of Turks, Mongols, and Circassians

The Fall of Acre, May 18, 1291

Illustrations

Preaching the crusade

Crusader fleet

The 1390 Genoese and French expedition to Barbary

Siege of Constantinople

Crusaders bombard Nicaea with the heads of their captives, three views

Mounted Crusaders

A Crusader encampment

Four illustrations of Crusaders in battle

At the head of a Crusader army

The siege of Ascalon

Crusaders fighting

Massacre of the Witnesses

Christ leading the Crusaders

Crusaders besieging a walled town

Crusader heavy infantry with archer support

Heavy fighting on a hillside

Two illustrations of Crusaders sallying forth from a walled city

Close fighting with the Muslims

Recrossing an old battlefield

Crusaders listening to a preacher

The taking of Jerusalem, 1099

The seal of Richard the Lion Hearted, both sides

The seal of the Templars, both sides

Crusader doing homage

The sea castle of Sidon

Beaufort Castle

The Horns of Hattin

Refectory of the Order of St. John in Aere

Knight's Hall of Belvoir fortress

David's Tower, Jerusalem

Lion's Gate, Jerusalem

The ivory covers of the Melisend Psalter, both sides

The adoration of the Magi from the Melisend Psalter

Crusader art with strong Islamic influence

I
THE VOICE FROM THE TOMB
The Dream
and the Tomb

IN their hundreds of thousands the Crusaders marched to the Holy Land, some on foot, some on donkeys, some in carts, some in armor and on well-caparisoned horses. Perhaps a quarter of them died on the journey and another quarter died in the wars, and many of them suffered atrociously to defend the small strip of seacoast they called the Kingdom of Jerusalem, a kingdom they held for less than a hundred years. They called themselves
peregrini Christi
, pilgrims of Christ, and in their eyes the miseries of the enterprise were outweighed by the splendor and the glory. They came from all walks of life: kings and emperors, farm boys and laborers, archbishops and priests, knights and foot soldiers. In wave after wave these armored pilgrims were swept forward to the holy cities of the Holy Land, and most especially to Jerusalem, the Church of the Holy Sepulchre and the tomb of Christ.

BOOK: The Dream and the Tomb
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