The Drillmaster of Valley Forge (42 page)

26.
Steuben's record of naturalization, July 4, 1786,
SP
7:32. He had already been made an honorary citizen of Pennsylvania in 1784.

27.
Steuben to William North, November 24, 1778, Kalkhorst/Steuben Papers, Box 336, Folder 1, CHS; Steuben to William North, July 11, 1786, and October 23, 1788,
SP
7:35, 205.

28.
Steuben to William North, May 30, 1789,
SP
7:324.

29.
Washington's notes on potential army commanders, March 9, 1792,
SP
7:376. Actually, virtually none of the generals Washington considered met with his unreserved approval. The command ultimately went to Anthony Wayne, though he was not Washington's first choice for the position, but Wayne's dramatic victory at Fallen Timbers on August 20, 1794, certainly proved the wisdom of the selection.

30.
John Mulligan to Benjamin Walker, November 29, 1794,
SP
7:480.

Note: Entries in this index, carried over verbatim from the print edition of this title, are unlikely to correspond to the pagination of any given e-book reader. However, entries in this index, and other terms, may be easily located by using the search feature of your e-book reader.

 

Abbey, Edwin Austin, 99

Adams, Samuel

 

criticism of Washington, 58, 70, 178

 

as mentor of FvS, 53, 54, 58, 64, 68, 80, 212

Albemarle Barracks, Virginia, 262–68

Alexander, Kitty, 84

Alexandria, Virginia, 251

Allentown, Pennsylvania, 150

American Philosophical Society, 49

André, John, 230

Anhalt, Wilhelmi von, 20

Anna, tsarina, 7

Arbuthnot, Marriot, 247–48

d'Arendt, Baron, 174, 177

Arnold, Benedict, 130–31

 

British campaign in Virginia and, 239, 240, 243, 247–48

 

British retreat from Philadelphia and, 142, 146

 

in command of main British forces, 261

 

as traitor, 229–30

 

war councils and, 142

Arnold, Jonathan, 229–30, 297

Austrian Grenzer, 83

Azor (FvS's dog), 49–50, 51, 54, 61, 88, 295

 

Bache, Richard, 63

Baden-Durlach, German margraviate, 28, 30

Barber, Francis, 107

Barren Hill, Pennsylvania, 121–25, 132, 142, 166

battalions

 

as basic unit of infantry, 126–27

 

formation of, 127

 

Free Battalions, 16–17

Baylor, George, 182

Baylor Massacre, 181–83, 186

Beaumarchais, Pierre-Augustin Caron de, 37–39, 41, 43–44, 230

 

staff of FvS and, 48–49, 201, 203

Belmont (country house), 176–77, 187, 278

Bemis Heights, New York, 56

Berlin, 17, 19

Bermuda Hundred, Virginia, 256

Bismarck, Otto von, 3

Black Watch, 162, 165

Blandford, Virginia, 253–56, 259, 265

Blauvelt, Isaac, 182

Blue Book (
Regulations for the Order and Discipline of the Troops of the United States
)

 

development of, 186–96, 200

 

as official regulations of U.S. Army, 301

 

payment for, 198–99

 

permanent army and, 288–89

 

printing of, 201, 205–7

Board of War

 

Blue Book and, 186–96, 198–201, 205–7

 

FvS and, 64, 68, 176, 186–96, 217–21

 

incorporation plan, 215–21, 233–34

 

role of, 58

 

role of inspector general and, 136–40, 172–79, 197–99

Boston, FvS in, 52–55

Boudinot, Elias, 132, 133, 176, 178, 259, 277

Bougainville, Louis-Antoine de, 51

Bound Brook, New Jersey, 204–5

Brandenburg, Electorate of, 3–4

Brandywine, battle of, 56–57, 69

Breslau (Wroclaw), 8–12, 104, 195

brigades

 

brigade inspectors, 105, 108, 133

 

drills of, 126–28, 222–23

 

formation of, 127–28

 

guard duty, 136, 195, 212

 

inspection of, 207–8

 

strength reports, 134, 136

British Army (Redcoats)

 

Barren Hill and, 121–25, 132, 142, 166

 

Baylor Massacre and, 181–83, 186

 

capture of Charles Lee, 130, 132

 

captures Philadelphia, 52, 56–57, 59, 81

 

invasion of Virginia, 235–37, 251–57, 260–65, 267–71

 

James River attack by, 251–57

 

landing at Portsmouth, Virginia, 247–48, 250–51

 

leaders of, 130

 

march on Morristown, 223–27, 232

 

Monmouth Courthouse and, 150–68

 

New York City and, 120, 226–27, 283–84

 

Paulus Hook, New Jersey, and, 211–12

 

retreat from Philadelphia, 116, 120–24, 141–68, 184–86

 

in Virginia campaign, 234–71

 

West Point, New York, and, 210–12

British East India Company, 30

Brooks, John, 107

Bunker Hill, battle of, 89, 165

Burdett, Peter, 31–33

Burgoyne, John “Gentleman Johnny,” 145

 

Gates and, 52, 53, 55–56

Burke, Aedanus, 292

Burwell's Landing, Virginia, 256

Butler, William, 157–58

 

Calvinism, 11

Camden, South Carolina, 233–34

cameralism, 178

Canada

 

French Canadians in Continental Army, 120, 122, 124

 

FvS diplomatic mission to, 282–83

Canitz, Baroness von, 286

Cape Henry, Virginia, 247–48

Cary, Archibald, 262

Catholicism, 1–2, 4, 11–12

cavalry, Prussian Army, 15

Charles-Joseph, Prince de Ligne, 31

Charleston, South Carolina, siege of 1780, 222–23, 226–27, 233

Charlottesville, Virginia, 262–64

Chase, Samuel, 178

Chesterfield, Virginia, 238, 250, 252, 255–56, 259–60, 272

Chickahominy River, 240

Cilley, Joseph, 163

Cincinnatus, Lucius Quinctius, 281–82

Circle of Swabia, 86, 87n

Cist, Charles, 205

City Point, Virginia, 252, 253

Clinton, George, 297

Clinton, Henry, 120–22, 124, 130

 

British march on Morristown and, 224–27

 

British retreat from Philadelphia and, 141–68, 184–86

 

siege of Charleston and, 222–23, 226–27, 233

 

West Point, New York, and, 210–12

Closen, Baron de, 276

Clough, Alexander, 182

Cole's Ferry, Virginia, 264–65

Committee in Camp, 74–75, 83

Committee of Arrangement, 178

companies

 

company books, 208–9

 

organization of, 127

Congress.
see
Continental Congress

Continental Army

 

Barren Hill and, 121–25, 132, 142, 166

 

battle-readiness of, 118–19, 125–29

 

Baylor Massacre and, 181–83, 186

 

British retreat from Philadelphia, 116, 120–24, 141–68

 

company books for, 208–9

 

demobilization of, 277–78, 279–81, 283–84

 

discipline problems of, 212–21

 

final acts of, 283–84

 

foreign officers in, 59–60, 65–68.
see also
Lafayette, Marquis de; Steuben, Friedrich von

 

FvS as consultant to Washington, 79–83, 96–98, 132–33, 184–86

 

FvS as inspector general in, 81–85, 96, 105, 106, 107–8, 113–14, 116, 136–40, 171, 172–74, 186–99, 204–27, 275

 

FvS as major general in, 116

 

FvS joins, 65–68

 

FvS resigns from, 289

 

FvS training program for.
see
Blue Book (
Regulations for the Order and Discipline of the Troops of the United States
); training at Valley Forge

 

Grand Review of May 6, 1778, 114–16, 117–18, 119

 

incorporation plan, 215–21, 233–34

 

inspector generals of, 70–72, 81–85, 96, 105, 106, 107–8, 113–14, 116, 136–40, 169, 171, 172–79, 186–99, 204–27, 275

 

military alliance with the French Army, 114, 120, 170, 171, 178–79, 223, 244–47, 275–76

 

Monmouth Courthouse and, 150–68

 

in Morristown, New Jersey (1779–1780), 213–27

 

Newburgh Conspiracy, 278

 

New Jersey campaign of 1778, 141–68

 

organization of, 126–28

 

Philadelphia and, 52, 56–57, 59, 81

 

ranks of FvS staff members, 67

 

recruitment in America, 218–21

 

recruitment in France, 32–41, 43–46

 

regiment size, 126, 213–15, 220

 

reports on condition of, 134, 136, 207–21

 

Richmond and, 239–41, 243, 251–52, 262

 

in siege of Charleston, South Carolina, 222–23, 226–27, 233

 

size recommendations, 219

 

soldier's books for, 208–9

 

Southern Army, 222–23, 233, 237–71

 

state government recruitment efforts, 219, 223, 238, 241–42

 

Virginia campaign, 234–71

 

winter of 1777–78, 55–59

 

written regulations for, 108, 186–96, 198–201, 205–7

 

see also
Board of War; tactics and drill

Continental Congress

 

admiration for work of FvS, 128–29

 

Committee in Camp, 74–75, 83

 

Conway Cabal and, 58–59, 63, 64, 132

 

distrust of France, 34–36

 

FvS meets with, 63–68

 

FvS resignation threats and, 218–20

 

incorporation plan for Continental Army and, 215–21, 233–34

 

role of inspector general and, 136–40, 172–79, 197–99

 

see also
Board of War

Continental currency depreciation, 215–16

Continental Line, 118, 120, 161, 163, 241–42

Conway, Thomas

 

Conway Cabal and, 58–59, 63, 64, 132

 

FvS and, 71–72, 74, 130

 

as inspector general of the Continental Army, 70–72, 82–83, 96, 97, 105, 113–14, 132

 

marginalization of, 64, 69–72, 82–83

 

resignation as inspector general, 113–14

Conway Cabal, 58–59, 63, 132

Cornwallis, Charles

 

British invasion of Virginia and, 235–37, 256–57, 260–65, 267–71

 

British march on Morristown and, 224–27

 

British retreat from Philadelphia and, 149–52, 154, 156, 158, 159, 160, 182–83, 184

 

in North Carolina, 244, 248, 256–57

 

siege of Yorktown and, 269–71

 

in South Carolina, 233–34

 

court-martial of Charles Lee, 154, 165, 169–70, 188–89, 201–3

 

procedures for conducting, 194

Crénis, Martial-Jean-Antoine, Chevalier de, 174, 177

Cromwell, Oliver, 287

Crosswicks, New Jersey, 145, 149, 150

 

Dana, Francis, 83

Davies, William, 107, 237–38, 243, 260, 267

Deane, Silas enemies in Congress, 198

 

recalled from post in Paris, 60

 

recruitment of soldiers in Paris, 32, 34–41, 43–46, 59, 69

Dearborn, Henry, 124

de Kalb, Johannes, 21, 35, 36

 

British retreat from Philadelphia and, 143

 

as general in the Continental Army, 58, 60, 76

 

at Valley Forge, 76

Delaware River, 142–45

demobilization, of Continental Army, 277–78, 279–81, 283–84

Des Epiniers, Augustin François

 

as captain in the Continental Army, 67

 

as FvS staff member, 48, 61, 65, 106, 188, 201–3

Destouches, Admiral, 245, 247

Dickinson, Philemon, 143–44, 154

British retreat from Philadelphia and, 145, 146, 156

divisions

 

drills of, 222–23

 

formation of, 127–28

Drayton, William Henry, 128

drill and tactics.
see
tactics and drill

Duane, James, 199–200

Duane, Polly, 199–200

Duer, William, 139

Duponceau, Pierre-Étienne

 

in Boston, 53–54

 

as captain in the continental Army, 67

 

as FvS staff member, 49, 51–53, 61, 62–63, 65, 68, 79, 84–85, 88, 99, 102, 106–7, 116, 146, 149, 177, 187, 198, 207–8, 209, 217, 221, 235, 275, 289

 

illness of, 221, 235

 

trip notes of, 62–63

 

written regulations for Continental Army and, 186–87, 198, 205

Duportail, Louis, 147

dysentery, 119–20

 

Earl, Ralph, 28

Elizabeth, Tsarina of Russia, 19

Elizabethtown, New Jersey, 224–26

Elk Hill, Virginia, 264

Englishtown, New Jersey, 152, 155–57, 159, 161–63, 166–67

Enlightenment thought, 11–12, 76, 77, 231–32, 299

ensigns (
Fähnrich
), 10

Esperanto, 49

D'Estaing, Admiral, 170, 171, 179, 186

Ewald, Johann, 144

 

Fairlie, James, 232, 268–69

fifes and drums, 110, 223

finances, of FvS, 12, 25, 26, 31, 41, 53–54, 55, 176–77, 179, 189–90, 198–99, 201, 218–21, 271–74, 277–79, 291, 294–97, 298

First Silesian War, 8

Fishkill, New York, 62

 

Conway in, 69–71

 

FvS in, 232–33, 282

Flamand
(ship), 50–52

Fleury, François-Louis Teissèdre de

 

as FvS staff member, 106–7, 187, 198, 199

 

written regulations for Continental Army and, 186–87, 198, 199

42nd Regiment of Foot (Black Watch), 162, 165

France

 

Continental Army recruitment activities in, 32–41, 43–46

 

Continental Congress distrust of, 34–36

 

FvS and French Army, 230–31, 285–87