The Encyclopedia of Essential Oils (41 page)

Lavandula x intermedia (L. hybrida, L. hortensis):
Lavandin; several cultivars exist.

Lavandula latifolia (L. spica):
Spike lavender, spike, aspic, broad-leaved lavender, lesser lavender.

Lavandula stoechas:
French lavender, stoechas lavender; six subspecies exist.

Melissa officinalis:
Lemon balm, balm, melissa, common balm, bee balm, sweet balm, heart’s delight, honeyplant; two subspecies exist.

Mentha aquatica:
Water mint, bergamot mint.

Mentha canadensis (M. arvensis var. villosa, M. arvensis var. glabrata, M. arvensis var. piperascens):
Corn mint, Japanese peppermint, North American field mint.

Mentha x gracilis (M. gentilis):
Scotch spearmint, red mint.

Mentha x piperita:
Peppermint.

Mentha pulegium
: pennyroyal, European pennyroyal, Pudding plant, pulegium.

Mentha spicata (M. viridis, M. longifolia):
Spearmint.

Mentha suaveolens (M. rotundifolia):
Pineapple mint.

Mentha x villosa var. alopecuroides:
Woolly mint, apple mint, Bowles’ mint, Egyptian mint.

Monarda citriodora
: Lemon bee balm, lemon bergamot; two varieties exist.

Monarda clinopodia:
Bee balm, wild bergamot.

Monarda didyma:
Oswego tea, oswego bee balm, bergamot.

Monarda fistulosa:
Wild bergamot, horsemint, bee balm; four varieties exist including
var. menthifolia
.

Monarda x media:
several cultivars exist.

Monarda pectinata:
Pony bee balm.

Nepeta cataria:
Catnip, catmint.

Ocimum basilicum:
Basil, sweet basil; numerous cultivars and chemotypes exist, including ‘Comoran’ basil (exotic or Reunion Basil) and the ‘true’ sweet basil (French, European or common Basil).

Ocimum canum (O. americanum):
Hoary basil, hairy basil.

Ocimum gratissimum (O. viride):
East Indian basil, tree basil, shrubby basil.

Ocimum kilimanjaricum:
Camphor basil.

Ocimum sanctum:
Holy basil, sacred basil.

Origanum x applii:
Oregano.

Origanum marjorana (Marjorana hortensis):
Sweet
marjoram, knotted marjoram.

Origanum x marjorana:
Oregano, marjoram.

Origanum onites:
Pot marjoram, French marjoram.

Origanum syriacum (O. maru):
Syrian oregano.

Origanum vulgare:
Common oregano; this is divided into six subspecies:

subsp.vulgare:
Wild marjoram, oreganum (oil); several cultivars exist.

subsp.glandulosum:
Oregano.

subsp.gracile (O. tytthanthum, O. kopetdaghense):
Russian oregano.

subsp.hirtum (O. hirtum, O. heracleoticum):
Winter, Greek or Italian oregano.

subsp.virens (O. virens):
Wild marjoram.

subsp.viride (O. heracleoticum):
Wild marjoram.

Perilla frutescens (P. ocymoides):
Perilla, beefsteak plant; numerous varieties exist.

Pogostemon cablin (P. patchouly):
Patchouli, patchouly, puchaput.

Pogostemon heyneanus (P. patchouli):
False patchouly.

Rosmarinus officinalis:
Rosemary; other varieties exist including:

var. officinalis:
Common rosemary; numerous cultivars and forms exist.

var. angustifolia (R. tenuifolius):
Pine-scented rosemary, pine-needled rosemary.

var. lavendulaceus (R. officinalis f. humulis, f. procumbens):
Prostrate rosemary; numerous cultivars exist.

Salvia clevelandii:
Blue sage.

Salvia dorisiana:
Peach-scented sage, British Honduran sage.

Salvia elegans (S. rutilans):
Pineapple-scented sage.

Salvia fruticosa (S. triloba):
Greek sage.

Salvia lavendulidefolia:
Spanish sage, lavender-leaved sage.

Salvia leucophylla:
Grey sage, purple sage.

Salvia officinalis:
Common sage, dalmatian sage, garden sage; many cultivars exist.

Salvia pomifera (S. calycina):
Apple sage.

Salvia sclarea:
Clary, clary sage, muscatel sage, clary wort, clear eye, see bright, common clary, clarry, eye bright.

Salvia verbenacea (S. clandestina, S. horminoides):
Vervain sage, wild clary.

Salvia viridis (S. horminum):
Bluebeard sage, Joseph sage, red-topped sage.

Satureja douglasii (Micromeria chamissonis, M. douglasii):
Yerba buena (Spanish).

Satureja hortensis (Satureia hortensis, Calamintha hortensis):
Summer savory, garden savory.

Satureja montana (S. obovata, Calamintha montana):
Winter savory; at least five subspecies exist.

Satureja thymbra:
Za’atar rumi (Arabic).

Thymus caespititius (T. micans, T. serpyllum):
Tiny thyme, tufted thyme.

Thymus capitatus (Satureja capitata, Thymbra capitata, Coridothymus capitatus):
Conehead thyme, corido thyme, Cretan thyme, thyme of the ancients, headed savory, Spanish oreganum (oil), Israeli oreganum (oil).

Thymus cephalatos
.

Thymus x citriodorus (T. lanuginosus var. citriodorum, T.
serpyllum var. citriodorus, T.
‘Limoneum’): Lemon thyme

Thymus herba-barona:
Caraway thyme.

Thymus hirtus
.

Thymus hyemalis:
often wrongly cited as the source of Spanish verbena oil.

Thymus loscosii;
two subspecies exist.

Thymus mastichina:
Mastic thyme, Spanish marjoram.

Thymus praecox:
Creeping thyme; five subspecies exist and several cultivars.

Thymus pulegoides:
Wild thyme, Dutch tea thyme; several subspecies and cultivars exist.

Thymus quinquecostatus:
Japanese thyme; two forms are known.

Thymus serpyllum:
Wild thyme, mother-of-thyme; two subspecies exist.

Thymus vulgaris (T. aestivus, T. ilerdensis, T. webbianus, T. valentianus):
garden thyme, common thyme, French Thyme, red thyme (oil), white thyme (oil).

Thymus zygis (T. sabulicola, T. sylvestris):
Spanish sauce thyme, red thyme (oil).

Other lesser known species and cultivars also exist in the
Thymus
group.

Solanaceae

Nicotiana tabacum:
Tobacco.

Rubiaceae

Anthocephalus indicus (A. cadamba):
Cadamba, kadamba.

Coffea arabica:
Coffee, common coffee, Arabian coffee; many cultivars exist.

Coffea canephora (C. robusta):
Robusta coffee; many cultivars exist.

Gardenia jasminoides (G. florida, G. grandiflora, G. radicans):
Common gardenia, Cape jasmine, gardinia.

Leptactina senegambica:
Karo-karounde.

Caprifoliaceae

Lonicera etrusca (L. gigantea):
Honeysuckle.

Lonicera periclymenum:
Common honeysuckle.

Sambucus nigra:
Elderberry, elderflower.

Valerianaceae

Nardostachys chinensis:
Chinese spikenard.

Nardostachys jatamansi:
Nard, spikenard, ‘false’ Indian valerian root.

Valeriana fauriei (V. officinalis, V. officinalis var. angustifolia, V. officinalis var. latifolia):
Common valerian, European valerian, Belgian valerian, fragrant valerian, garden valerian; other chemotypes exist such as: Japanese valerian, ‘kesso root’.

Valeriana wallichii:
Indian valerian.

Asteraceae (Compositae)

Achillea erba-rotta (A. moschata):
Iva, musk yarrow.

Achillea ligustica:
Ligurian yarrow.

Achillea millefolium:
Common yarrow, milfoil, nosebleed, thousand leaf; at least two subspecies exist.

Arnica montana (A. fulgens, A. sororia)
: Arnica, leopard’s bane, wolf’s bane; two subspecies exist.

Artemisia abrotanum:
Southern wood, old man, lad’s love.

Artemisia absinthium:
Wormwood, common wormwood, green ginger, armoise, absinthium (oil).

Artemisia afra:
African wormwood, lanyana, wildeals.

Artemisia annua:
Annual wormwood, sweet Annie.

Artemisia dracunculus:
French tarragon, Russian tarragon, estragon (oil).

Artemisia genipi (A. spicata, A. laxa, A. mutellina, A. glacialis):
Genipi.

Artemisia herba-alba (A. sieversiana):
Armoise.

Artemisia judaica:
Semen contra.

Artemisia maritima (A. cina):
Levant wormseed.

Artemisia pallens:
Davana.

Artemisia pontica:
Roman wormwood, small absinthe.

Artemisia princeps:
Japanese mugwort.

Artemisia vestita.

Artemisia vulgaris:
Mugwort, Indian wormwood.

Atractylodes lancea:
Atractylis; two varieties exist.

Baccharis dracunculifolia:
Vassoura.

Baccharis gennistelloides:
Carquueja.

Balsamita major (Chrysanthemum balsamita, Pyrethrum majus):
Costmary, mint geranium, sweet Mary, Bible leaf, balsamite.

Blumea balsamifera:
Ngai camphor.

Blumea chinensis:
Tombak-tombak.

Blumea lacera.

Blumea myriocephala (B. lanceolaria)
.

Brachylaena hutchinsii:
Muhuhu.

Calendula officinalis:
Poet’s marigold, pot marigold, calendula, marygold, gold-bloom, hollygold, common marigold, marybud.

Carphephorus odoratissimus, Trilisa odoratissima, Liatris odoratissima, Frasera speciosa:
Deertongue, hound’s tongue, deer’s tongue, Carolina vanilla, vanilla leaf, wild vanilla, vanilla trilisa, whart’s tongue, liatris (oil).

Chamaemelum nobile (Anthemis nobilis)
: Roman chamomile, camomile, English chamomile, garden chamomile, sweet chamomile, true chamomile.

Chamaemelum suaveolens (Matricaria matricarioides):
Pineapple weed.

Conyza canadensis (Erigeron canadensis):
Fleabane, horseweed.

Eriocephalus punctulatus:
Eriocephalee.

Helichrysum angustifolium:
Immortelle, everlasting, helichrysum.

Helichrysum italicum:
Curry plant, white-leaved everlasting.

Helichrysum stoechas:
Everlasting, immortelle; at least two subspecies exist.

Helichrysum orientale:
Everlasting, immortelle.

Inula helenium (Helenium grandiflorum, Aster officinalis, A. helenium):
Elecampane, scabwort, alant, horseheal, yellow starwort, elf dock, wild sunflower, velvet dock.

Matricaria recutita, (M. chamomilla)
: German chamomile, Hungarian chamomile, sweet false chamomile, camomile, blue chamomile, single chamomile, wild chamomile.

Ormentis mixta (Anthemis mixta):
Moroccan chamomile.

Ormentis multicaulis:
Moroccan chamomile.

Pteronia incana:
Pteronia, blue dog.

Santolina chamaecyparissus (Lavendula taemina)
: Santolina, cotton lavender.

Saussurea costus (S. lappa, Aucklandia costus, Aplotaxis lappa, A. auriculata):
Costus.

Solidago odora:
Sweet goldenrod, fragrant goldenrod.

Tagetes lucida:
Sweet marigold, sweet mace, Mexican tarragon.

Tagetes erecta:
African marigold, Aztec marigold,

Tagetes minuta (T. glandulifera):
Taget (oil), tagetes, tagette.

Tagetes patula:
French marigold, taget (oil).

Tanacetum vulgare (Chrysanthemum vulgare, C. tanacetum):
Tansy, bitter buttons, bachelor’s buttons, cheese, scented fern.