The End of Doom (45 page)

“Humanity seeks the elation”:
Jeremy Rifkin,
Algeny: A New Word—A New World
. New York: Penguin, 1984, 47.

“as a cleverly constructed tract”:
Stephen Jay Gould “Review of
Algeny
.”
Discover,
January 1985, 34.

“milk from treated cows”:
FDA, Animal Veterinary, Product Safety Information, Bovine Somatotropin, January 28, 2014.
www.fda.gov/AnimalVeterinary/SafetyHealth/ProductSafetyInformation/ucm055435.htm
.

regulators in Europe:
Ladina Caduff, “Growth Hormone and Beyond.” Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Working Paper 8-2002.

Bt protein is safe:
EPA, Bt Plant-Incorporated Protectants October 15, 2001: Biopesticides. Registration Action Document.
www.epa.gov/oppbppd1/biopesticides/pips/bt_brad2/2-id_health.pdf
.

herbicide resistance trait:
EPA, Attachment III: Environmental Risk Assessment of Plant Incorporated Protectant (PIP) Inert Ingredients, December 2005.
www.epa.gov/scipoly/sap/meetings/2005/december/pipinertenvironmentalriskassessment11-18-05.pdf
.

resource-poor farmers:
International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications, ISAAA Brief 46, “Global Status of Commercialized Biotech/GM Crops: 2013,” Executive Summary, March 25, 2014.
www.isaaa.org/resources/publications/briefs/46/executivesummary/default.asp
.

“led to strong distrust”:
Sylvie Bonny, “Factors Explaining Opposition to GMOs in France and the Rest of Europe,” in
Consumer Acceptance of Genetically Modified Foods,
Robert Evenson and Vittorio Santaniello, eds. Cambridge, MA: CABI Publishing, 2004, 181.

“increased the public's attention”:
Bonny, “Factors Explaining Opposition to GMOs in France and the Rest of Europe,” 174.

“symbolizes the negative aspects”:
Bonny, “Factors Explaining Opposition to GMOs in France and the Rest of Europe,” 183–184.

“We call on the government”:
Ranjit Devraj, “Health-India: Indian Cyclone Victims Guinea Pigs for U.S. Genetic Food.” Interpress Service News Agency, June 12, 2000.
www.ipsnews.net/2000/06/health-india-indian-cyclone-victims-guinea-pigs-for-usgenetic-food/
.

“To accuse the US”:
Ronald Bailey
, “Dr. Strangelunch.”
Reason,
cited Per Pinstrup-Andersen, January 1, 2000.
reason.com/archives/2001/01/01/dr-strangelunch
.

“We would rather starve”:
Jennifer Cooke and Richard Downie, “African Perspectives on Genetically Modified Crops.” A Report of the Center for Strategic and International Studies, Global Food Security Project, July 2010, 6.
dspace.cigilibrary.org/jspui/bitstream/123456789/28948/1/African%20perspectives%20on%20genetically%20modified%20crops.pdf?1
.

“I would rather eat”:
Davan Maharaj and Anthony Mukwita, “Zambia Rejects Gene-Altered U.S. Corn.”
Los Angeles Times,
August 28, 2002.
articles.latimes.com/2002/aug/28/world/fg-zambia28
.

Mwanawasa thought biotech crops:
Brooke Glass-O'Shea,
“
The History and Future of Genetically Modified Crops: Frankenfoods, Superweeds, and the Developing World.”
Journal of Food Law and Policy
7 (2011).
papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2019491
.

Brazilian member:
Ronald Bailey
, “The Battle of Valle Verde.”
Reason,
September 17, 2003.
reason.com/archives/2003/09/17/the-battle-of-valle-verde
.

“not detected any significant hazard”:
Alessandro Nicolia et al., “An Overview of the Last 10 Years of Genetically Engineered Crop Safety Research.”
Critical Reviews in Biotechnology
34.1 (March 2014): 77–88.
www.geneticliteracyproject.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Nicolia-20131.pdf
.

”science is quite clear”:
Board of Directors, Association for the Advancement of Science, “Statement by the AAAS Board of Directors on Labeling of Genetically Modified Foods,” October 20, 2012.

“no more risk in eating GMO food”:
Anne Glover, cited in “No Risk with GMO Food, Says EU Chief Scientific Advisor.”
Euractiv,
July 24, 2012.
www.euractiv.com/innovation-enterprise/commission-science-supremo-endor-news-514072
.

“Bioengineered foods have been consumed”:
Action of the AMA House of Delegates 2012 Annual Meeting: Council on Science and Public Health Report 2 Recommendations Adopted as Amended.
hahaha.typepad.com/files/ama-on-bioengineered-foods.pdf
.

“no scientific evidence”:
European Commission, “Commission Publishes Compendium of Results of EU-Funded Research on Genetically Modified Crops,” December 9, 2010. europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-10-1688_en.htm?locale
=
en; and European Commission, A Decade of EU-Funded GMO Research, December 2010.
ec.europa.eu/research/biosociety/pdf/a_decade_of-eu-funded_gmo_research.pdf
.

“no adverse health effects”:
National Research Council, Safety of Genetically Engineered Foods: Approaches to Assessing Unintended Health Effects. Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2004
www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id
=
10977
.

“no evidence of any ill effects”:
International Council for Science, “New Genetics, Food and Agriculture: Scientific Discoveries—Societal Dilemmas,” 2003.
www.icsu.org/publications/reports-and-reviews/new-genetics-food-and-agriculture-scientific-discoveries-societal-dilemas-2003/
.

“No effects on human health”:
World Health Organization, “Frequently Asked Questions on Genetically Modified Foods,” Food Safety.
www.who.int/foodsafety/areas_work/food-technology/faq-genetically-modified-food/en/
.

“The level of safety”:
Society of Toxicology, “The Safety of Genetically Modified Foods Produced Through Biotechnology,” September 25, 2002.
toxicology.org/gp/GM_Food.asp
.

“Biotechnology experts believe”:
Government Accountability Office,
Genetically Modified Foods: Experts View Regimen of Safety Tests as Adequate, but FDA's Evaluation Process Could Be Enhanced,
May 23, 2002.
www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/GAOREPORTS-GAO-02-566/html/GAOREPORTS-GAO-02-566.htm
.

“no human health problems”:
National Academy of Sciences,
Transgenic Plants and World Agriculture.
Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2000.
www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=9889
.

“the technology itself”:
Mark Bittman, “Leave ‘Organic' Out of It.”
New York Times,
May 6, 2014.
www.nytimes.com/2014/05/07/opinion/bittman-leave-organic-out-of-it.html?hp&rref=opinion
.

mouse testicles blue:
Irina Ermakova, cited by Institute for Responsible Technology, “Genetically Modified Soy Linked to Sterility, Infant Mortality.”
www.responsibletechnology.org/article-gmo-soy-linked-to-sterility

rats fed herbicide resistant:
Gilles-
É
ric S
é
ralini et al.,“Long-Term Toxicity of a Roundup Herbicide and a Roundup-Tolerant Genetically Modified Maize.”
Food and Chemical Toxicology
50.11 (November 2012): 4221–4231.
www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512005637
.

“independent non-profit organization”:
Committee for Independent Research and Information on Genetic Engineering,
www.criigen.org/?option=com_content&task=blogcategory&id=52&Itemid=103
.

truly independent groups:
Frederic Schorsch, “Serious Inadequacies Regarding the Pathology Data Presented in the Paper by S
é
ralini et al.”
Food and Chemical Toxicology
53 (March 2013): 465–466.
www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512007880
; and Erio Barale-Thomas, Letter to the Editor,
Food and Chemical Toxicology,
March 2013, 473–474.
www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512007867
.

should never have published:
Andrew Revkin, DotEarth,
New York Times,
cited translation of French science academies' statement on the Seralini study.
www.slideshare.net/Revkin/translation-of-french-science-academies-critique-of-controversial-gm-corn-study
.

“inadequately designed, analysed”:
European Food Safety Authority, “Final Review of the S
é
ralini et al. (2012a) Publication on a 2-Year Rodent Feeding Study with Glyphosate Formulations and GM Maize NK603 as Published Online on 19 September 2012 in Food and Chemical Toxicology.”
EFSA Journal,
November 2012, 2986–2996.
www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/pub/2986.htm
.

decided to retract:
Retraction notice to “Long-Term Toxicity of a Roundup Herbicide and a Roundup-Tolerant Genetically Modified Maize.”
Food and Chemical Toxicology,
January 2014.
www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691513008090
.

ban the importation of foods:
Emily Willingham, “S
é
ralini Paper Influences Kenya Ban on GMO Imports.”
Forbes,
December 9, 2012.
www.forbes.com/sites/emilywillingham/2012/12/09/seralini-paper-influences-kenya-ban-of-gmo-imports/
.

decided to republish:
Gilles-
É
ric S
é
ralini et al., “Republished Study: Long-Term Toxicity of a Roundup Herbicide and a Roundup-Tolerant Genetically Modified Maize.”
Environmental Sciences Europe
26.14 (June 24, 2014).
www.enveurope.com/content/26/1/14
.

asserting that no such consensus exists:
European Network of Scientists for Social and Environmental Responsibility, ENSSER Statement: “No Scientific Consensus on GMO Safety,” October 23, 2013.
www.ensser.org
.

fewer than three hundred scientists:
ENSSER List of Signatories as of December 2013.
www.ensser.org/fileadmin/user_upload/signatories_as_of_131210_lv.pdf
.

“other synthetic herbicides”:
Ralph E. Heimlich et al., “Genetically Engineered Crops: Has Adoption Reduced Pesticide Use?”
Agricultural Outlook,
August 2000, Economic Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 13–17.
www.agweb.com/assets/import/files/ao273f.pdf
.

very low toxicity:
Glyphosate Technical Fact Sheet, National Pesticide Information Center,
npic.orst.edu/factsheets/glyphotech.pdf
.

breaks down quickly:
Adoption of Bioengineered Crops, Economic Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, AER-810, 26–29.
www.ers.usda.gov/media/759233/aer810h_1_.pdf
.

“modestly increased”:
Charles Benbrook, “Do GM Crops Mean Less Pesticide Use?”
Mindfully.org
, Pesticide Outlook, October 2001.
www.mindfully.org/Pesticide/More-GMOs-Less-Pesticide.htm
.

biotech crops had reduced:
Ralph E. Heimlich et al., “Genetically Engineered Crops: Has Adoption Reduced Pesticide Use?”
Agricultural Outlook,
August 2000, Economic Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 13–17.
www.agweb.com/assets/import/files/ao273f.pdf
.

122 million pound increase:
Charles Benbrook, “Genetically Engineered Crops and Pesticide Use in the United States: The First Nine Years.” BioTech InfoNet, Technical Paper Number 7, October 2004, 53.
www.keine-gentechnik.de/bibliothek/anbau/studien/biotech_infonet_gvo_pestizide_041001.pdf
.

“reduced herbicide use”:
Leonard P. Gianessi, “Economic and Herbicide Use Impacts of Glyphosate-Resistant Crops.”
Pest Management
61.3 (March 2005): 241–245.
www.ask-force.org/web/Benefits/Gianessi-Benefits-2005.pdf
.

planting biotech crops:
Sujatha Sankula, “Quantification of the Impacts on US Agriculture of Biotechnology-Derived Crops Planted in 2005.” National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy, November 2006, 110.
www.ncfap.org/documents/2005biotechimpacts-finalversion.pdf
.

25 to 30 percent less herbicide:
Gijs Kleter et al., “Review: Altered Pesticide Use on Transgenic Crops and the Associated General Impact from an Environmental Perspective.”
Pest Management Science
63 (September 20, 2007): 1107–1115.
www.cof.orst.edu/cof/teach/agbio2010/Other%20Readings/Kleter%20Pestidice%20Use%20GM%20Crop%20Rev%202007.pdf
.

increase of 383 million pounds:
Charles Benbrook, “Impacts of Genetically Engineered Crops on Pesticide Use in the United States: The First Thirteen Years.” Organic Center Critical Issue Report, November 2009, 69.
www.organic-center.org/reportfiles/GE13YearsReport.pdf
.

overall increase:
Charles Benbrook, “Impacts of Genetically Engineered Crops on Pesticide Use in the U.S.—The First Sixteen Years.”
Environmental Sciences Europe
24 (September 28, 2012).
www.enveurope.com/content/24/1/24
.

reported these results:
Jon Entine, “Scientists Challenge Organic Backer Benbrook Claims That GM Crops Increase Pesticide Spraying,” Genetic Literacy Project, October 12, 2012.
www.geneticliteracyproject.org/2012/10/12/scientists-journalists-challenge-organic-scientist-benbrook-claims-that-gm-crops-increase-pesticide-spraying-harm-the-environment/
.