The First Tycoon: The Epic Life of Cornelius Vanderbilt (152 page)

9
Chandler,
Visible Hand
, 145–87. Chandler astutely discusses these divergent patterns of system building, but fails to appreciate the defensive advantages of CVs decision not to integrate his lines. As noted, CV not only insulated his companies from each other's ailments, but also shielded himself from political outrage at his expanding reach.

10
Maury Klein,
Union Pacific: Birth of a Railroad, 1862–1893
(Garden City, N.Y: Dou-bleday 1987), 286–7; Nasaw, 122–4. Citations of “Klein” below refer to
Jay Gould
.

11
NYT
, March 22, 26, 1872; Chernow, 141–2.

12
NYH
, January 7, 9, 1872;
HW
, January 20, 1872;
NYT
, May 2, 1874;
New York Observer and Chronicle
, February 29, 1872;
BM
, March 1872;
CT
, January 1, 1873; Klein, 121–5. The phrase “porcine carcass” is from William L. Garrison to Wife, May 24, 1871, William Lloyd Garrison Papers, Rare Books and Manuscripts Department, Boston Public Library.

13
CT
, April 1, 1872;
NYTr
, June 15, 1878; Family Record, WFP.

14
Both Smith and Corey testified to their conversations during the will trial;
NYTr
, June 15, 1878.

15
Cornelius J. Vanderbilt to George Terry, April 12, 20, May 14, 1871, fold. 24, box 59, ser. 13, Colt Family Papers, Special Collections, University Libraries, University of Rhode Island. In making these generalizations, I am drawing on a reading of the full contents of folds. 23–26, box 59, ser. 13, in this collection.

16
NYS
, December 19, 22, 1877;
NYT
, December 29, 1877;
NYTr
, February 27, 1878;
CT
, January 13, 1873; CJV to HG, June 25, 1872, reel 3, HGP.

17
Chauncey M. Depew,
My Memories of Eighty Years
(New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1922), 91–2; Foner, 501–10;
NYT
, April 16, 1872.

18
NYT
, March 15, 1872;
CT
, April 5, 1872;
NYH
, April 18, 20, 22, 1873.

19
NYT
, April 11, 16, 19, 20, 23, 1872;
NYH
, April 23, 24, May 3, 1872.

20
CV to Samuel J. Tilden, May 20, 1872, Samuel J. Tilden to
CV
, June 14, 1872, fold. 8, box 7, Samuel J. Tilden Papers, NYPL.

21
Grenville M. Dodge, Philadelphia, to U. S. Grant, June 6, 1872, in John Y. Simon, ed.
The Papers of Ulysses S. Grant
, vol. 23 (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University, 2000), 163.

22
Klein,
Union Pacific
, 287–90.

23
WHV to Edwin D. Morgan, April 17, June 14, 1872, fold. 3, box 13, Edwin D. Morgan Papers, NYSL;
NYT
, March 21, 1871. It was generally believed that CV had bought control of Western Union by 1872; see Gardiner G. Hubbard, “In the Matter of the Postal Telegraph Bill,” April 22, 1872, Baker Library, Harvard Business School.

24
NYT
, June 26, 1872, April 17, 1873, March 12, 1898;
CT
, April 17, 1873;
NYH
, April 17, 1873; Paul H. Bergeron, ed.,
The Papers of Andrew Johnson
, vol. 14 (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1997), 278–9n.

25
NYH
, February 24, March 7, 1872;
NYTr
, October 3, 1873.

26
NYH
, March 7, 1872;
RRG
, June 28, 1873; HsR 78, 42nd Cong., 3rd sess., vol. 2. See also
RRG
, March 16, 1872.

27
NYH
, April 23, 1872;
BG
, May 31, 1872, January 29, 1873;
NYT
, April 11, 16, May 9, September 7, 1872, November 1, 1873;
RT
, October 12, 1872;
CT
, December 12, 1872;
New York Evangelist
, July 8, 1875; Executive & Finance Committee Minutes, May 2, 1873, HRR, reel 26, box 242, NYCRR.

28
CV to JHB, February 10, 1872, CV-NYHS. See also CV to JHB, March 1, 3, 1873, May 22, n.d., same collection.

29
CT
, July 6, 1873.

30
NYT
, July 4, 1872;
CT
, August 4, 1872;
New York World
in
CT
, August 21, 1872;
NYTr
, February 13, 1879; Ethelinda Vanderbilt Allen to Frank Armstrong Crawford Vanderbilt, July 20, 1872, CV-NYHS. Chivalric tournaments were especially popular with Southerners; see T. J. Stiles,
Jesse James: Last Rebel of the Civil War
(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2002), 224.

31
AtlC
, May 26, July 17, 1872;
CT
, May 27, 1872, April 26, 1873;
BG
, May 27, 1872;
NYT
, May 31, June 7, 1872. CV later made Crawford an agent and director of the NYC&HR.

32
NYT
, October 29, 1872;
NYH
, October 30, 1872;
CT
, November 17, 1872;
SA
, November 30, 1872;
NYTr
, February 13, 1879; James P. McClure, “The Epizootic of 1872: Horses and Disease in a City in Motion,”
NYH
79, no. 1 (January 1998): 5–22; Burrows & Wallace, 948.

33
NYT
, November 21, 1872;
NYH
, November 23, 1872;
CT
, November 23, 25, 27, 1872;
New York Commercial Advertiser
, in
CT
, December 1, 1872;
Commercial and Financial Chronicle
, November 30, 1872;
RRG
, November 30, 1872; Klein, 129–32.

34
NYH
, November 27, 1872.

35
NYT
, January 5, 1877.

36
NYS
, November 27, 1872.

37
NYS
, November 28, 1872.

38
RRG
, November 30, 1872.

39
NYT
, April 10, 1872;
NYH
, November 30, 1872;
CT
, March 4, 1873;
SEP
, April 4, 1873.

40
Mrs. Frank A. Vanderbilt to Chancellor Garland, n.d., Mrs. F. A. Vanderbilt Papers, Burton Historical Collection, Detroit Public Library;
New York Sun
in
AtlC
, May 5, 1876;
NYTr
, November 21, 1878; CV to H. N. McTyeire, March 17, 1873, Resolutions of Board Accepting the Gift of Commodore Vanderbilt to Central University, March 26, 1873, CV to G. C. Kelly, March 31, 1873, H. N. McTyeire to CV, May 21, 1873, CV to H. N. McTyeire, May 26, 1873, Correspondence of Cornelius and William H. Vanderbilt, NYPL. CVs correspondence with McTyeire verifies that McTyeire came to New York to be treated by Bodenhamer; see H. N. McTyeire to CV, July 31, 1873, Correspondence of Cornelius and William H. Vanderbilt, NYPL.

41
NYTr
, October 24, 1878.

42
Mrs. Frank A. Vanderbilt to Chancellor Garland, n.d., Mrs. F. A. Vanderbilt Papers, Burton Historical Collection, Detroit Public Library;
New York Sun
in
AtlC
, May 5, 1876;
NYTr
, November 21, 1878; CV to H. N. McTyeire, March 17, 1873, Resolutions of Board Accepting the Gift of Commodore Vanderbilt to Central University, March 26, 1873, CV to G. C. Kelly, March 31, 1873, H. N. McTyeire to CV May 21, 1873, CV to H. N. McTyeire, May 26, 1873, Correspondence of Cornelius and William H. Vanderbilt, NYPL. CVs correspondence with McTyeire shows that he took a close personal interest in the progress and the financing of the university. In the letter of May 26, for example, he gave instructions to McTyeire on how to date the drafts on him so that they would be properly paid.

43
RRG
, November 2, 1872; Executive Committee Minutes, January 11, 1873, NYC&HR, vol. 1, box 93, NYCRR. The minutes of this meeting show CV in full command, as he presented negotiations he had conducted for the lease of a grain elevator in Buffalo.

44
NYS
in
CT
, January 14, 1873;
RRG
, February 8, August 9, 1873; HED 46, part 2, 44th Cong., 2nd sess., vol. 13.

45
NYS in CT
, January 14, 1873.

46
Board of Directors' Minutes, April 1, 2, 1873, NYC&HR, vol. 2, box 93, Lease Agreement, April 1, 1873, HRR, reel 27, box 242, NYCRR. On a prior reorganization of the New York Central & Hudson River, see
RRG
, December 30, 1871.

47
CV to JHB, March 1, 3, 1873, CV-NYHS; Executive Committee Minutes, March 3, 1873, NYC&HR, vol. 1, box 93, Directors' Minutes, March 3, 1873, LS&MS, reel 65, box 243, NYCRR;
NYT
, March 10, 1873.

48
NYT
, January 20, 21, February 7, 1873;
HC
, July 4, 1873.

49
NYH
, April 17, 1873.

50
J. S. Morgan to Carnegie, quoted in Nasaw, 144; J. P. Morgan to Junius Spencer Morgan, April 16, 1873, J. P. Morgan Letterpress Books, vol. 1, Department of Literary and Historical Manuscripts, Morgan Library.