The Forge of Christendom (70 page)

Read The Forge of Christendom Online

Authors: Tom Holland

Tags: #History, #Religon

BOOK: The Forge of Christendom
13.82Mb size Format: txt, pdf, ePub

Noble, T. F. X.
The Republic of St. Peter: The Birth of the Papal State, 680–825
Philadelphia, 1984

Norwich, John Julius
The Normans in the South, 1016–1130
London, 1967

Ortigues, E., and Iogna-Prat, D. “Raoul Glaber et l’Historiographie Clunisienne,”
Studi Medievali
26/2, 1985

O’Callaghan, Joseph F.
Reconquest and Crusade in Medieval Spain
Philadelphia, 2003

O’Leary, De Lacy
A Short History of the Fatimid Khalifate
London, 1923

O’Shea, Stephen
Sea of Faith: Islam and Christianity in the Medieval Mediterranean World
London, 2006

Page, R. I.
Chronicles of the Vikings: Records, Memorials and Myths
Bath, 2002

Partner, Nancy
Writing Medieval History
London, 2005

Paxton, Frederick S.
Christianizing Death: The Creation of a Ritual Process in Early Medieval Europe
Ithaca, 1990

Pelteret, David A. E.
Slavery in Early Mediaeval England: From the Reign of Alfred until the Twelfth Century
Woodbridge, 1995

Pérez de Urbel, Justo “El Culto de Santiago in el Siglo X,”
Compostellanum
16, 1971

Peters, F. E.
Jerusalem: The Holy City in the Eyes of Chroniclers, Visitors, Pilgrims, and Prophets from the Days of Abraham to the Beginnings of Modern Times
Princeton, 1985

Phillips, Jonathan
The First Crusade: Origins and Impact
Manchester, 1997

Pognon, Edmond
La Vie Quotidienne en l’An Mille
Paris, 1981

Pognon, Edmond
Hugues Capet et la France Féodale
Paris, 1989

Poly, Jean-Pierre “Le Capétien Thaumaturge: Genèse Populaire d’un Miracle Royal,” in Delort Paris, 1990

Poly, Jean-Pierre, and Bournazel, Eric
The Feudal Transformation, 900–1200
, tr. Caroline Higgitt New York, 1991

Rees, Martin
Our Final Century: Will Civilisation Survive the Twenty-First Century?
London, 2003

Reilly, B. F.
The Contest of Christian and Muslim Spain, 1031–1157
London, 1992

Reston, James
The Last Apocalypse: Europe at the Year 1000
A.D.
New York, 1998

Reuter, Timothy “The End of Carolingian Military Expansion,” in
Charlemagne’s
Heir
, P. Godman and R. Collins Oxford, 1990

Reuter, Timothy
Germany in the Early Middle Ages, c. 800–1056
London, 1991

Reuter, Timothy “Debate: The Feudal Revolution,”
Past and Present
155, 1997

Reuter, Timothy
The Medieval Nobility: Studies on the Ruling Classes of France and Germany from the Sixth to the Twelfth Century
Amsterdam, 1979

Reynolds, Susan “Medieval
Origines Gentium
and the Community of the Realm,”
History
68, 1983

Reynolds, Susan
Kingdoms and Communities in Western Europe 900–1300
Oxford, 1997

Riché, Pierre “Le Mythe des Terreurs de l’An Mille,” in
Les Terreurs de l’An 2000
Paris, 1976

Riché, Pierre “Les Conditions de la Production Littéraire: Maîtres et Écoles,” in
Lateinische Kultur im X. Jahrhundert
, Walter Berschin Stuttgart, 1991

Riley-Smith, Jonathan
The First Crusade and the Idea of Crusading
London, 1986

Riley-Smith, Jonathan
The First Crusaders, 1095–1131
Cambridge, 1997

Robinson, I. S. “Gregory VII and the Soldiers of Christ,”
History
58, 1973

Robinson, I. S.
The Papacy 1073–1198: Continuity and Innovation
Cambridge, 1990

Robinson, I. S.
Henry IV of Germany, 1056–1106
Cambridge, 1999

Roesdahl, Else
Viking Age Denmark
, tr. Susan Margeson and Kirsten Williams London, 1982

Roesdahl, Else
The Vikings
, tr. Susan Margeson and Kirsten Williams London, 1987

Rösener, W.
Peasants in the Middle Ages
, tr. Alexander Stützer Chicago, 1992

Rosenstock-Huessy, Eugen
Out of Revolution: Autobiography of Western Man
New York, 1938

Rosenstock-Huessy, Eugen
Driving Power of Western Civilization: The Christian Revolution of the Middle Ages
Boston, 1949

Rosenwein, Barbara H.
Rhinoceros Bound: Cluny in the Tenth Century
Philadelphia, 1982

Rosenwein, Barbara H.
To Be the Neighbor of Saint Peter: The Social Meaning of Cluny’s Property, 909–1049
Ithaca, 1989

Russell, James C.
The Germanization of Early Medieval Christianity: A Sociohistorical Approach to Religious Transformation
Oxford, 1994

Sahas, Daniel J.
John of Damascus on Islam: The “Heresy of the Ishmaelites”
Leiden, 1972

Sansterre, Jean-Marie “Otton III et les Saints Ascètes,”
Rivista di Storia della Chiesa in Italia
43/2, 1989

Sassier, Yves
Hugues Capet: Naissance d’une Dynastie
Paris, 1987

Sawyer, Birgit, Sawyer, Peter, and Wood, Ian
The Christianization of Scandinavia
Alingsas, 1987

Sawyer, P. H. “The Wealth of England in the Eleventh Century,”
Transactions of the
Royal Historical Society
15, 1965

Sawyer, P. H.
Kings and Vikings: Scandinavia and Europe, AD 700–1100
London, 1982

Scales, Peter C.
The Fall of the Caliphate of Córdoba
Leiden, 1994

Schiavone, Aldo
The End of the Past: Ancient Rome and the Modern West
, tr. Margery J. Schneider Cambridge, Mass., 2000

Schimmelpfennig, Bernhard
The Papacy
, tr. James Sievert New York, 1992

Schillebeeckx, Edward
The Church with a Human Face
New York, 1985

Schramm, Percy E.
Kaiser, Rom und Renovatio: Studien und Texte zur Geschichte des römischen Erneuerungsgedankens vom Ende des karolingischen Reiches bis zum Investiturstreit
, 2 Leipzig and Berlin, 1929

Schramm, Percy E.
Herrschaftszeichen und Staatssymbolik
, 3 Stuttgart, 1954–6

Scragg, Donald
The Battle of Maldon AD 991
Oxford, 1991

Searle, Eleanor “Possible History,”
Speculum
61, 1986

Searle, Eleanor
Predatory Kinship and the Creation of Norman Power, 840–1066
Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1988

Seitter, Walter
Katechonten: Den Untergang Aufhalten
Berlin, 2001

Settipani, Christian “Les Comtes d’Anjou et Leurs Alliances aux Xe et Xie Siècles,” in
Family Trees and the Roots of Politics: The Prosopography of Britain and France from the Tenth to the Twelfth Century
, K. S. B. Keats-Rohan Woodbridge, 1997

Sevcenko, Ihor “Unpublished Texts on the End of the World about the Year 1000 AD,” in
Mélanges Gilbert Dagron
Paris, 2002

Shahar, S.
Childhood in the Middle Ages
London, 1990

Shepard, Jonathan “The Uses of the Franks in Eleventh-Century Byzantium,”
Anglo-Norman Studies
15, 1993

Shepard, Jonathan “Cross-purposes: Alexius Comnenus and the First Crusade,” in Phillips Manchester, 1997

Shepard, Jonathan “Courts in East and West,” in Linehan and Nelson London, 2001

Slupecki, Leszek Pawel
Slavonic Pagan Sanctuaries
Warsaw, 1994

Smith, Julia M. H.
Europe after Rome: A New Cultural History 500–1000
Oxford, 2005

Smith, Julia M. H.
Early Medieval Rome and the Christian West
Leiden, 2000

Southern, R. W.
The Making of the Middle Ages
London, 1953

Southern, R. W.
Medieval Humanism and Other Studies
Oxford, 1970

Southern, R. W.
Western Society and the Church in the Middle Ages
London, 1970

Stafford, Pauline
Unification and Conquest: A Political and Social History of England in the Tenth and Eleventh Centuries
London, 1989

Stafford, Pauline
Queen Emma and Queen Edith: Queenship and Women’s Power in Eleventh-Century England
Oxford, 1997

Stafford, Pauline “Powerful Women in the Early Middle Ages: Queens and Abbesses,” in Linehan and Nelson London, 2001

Stenton, Frank
Anglo-Saxon England
Oxford, 1971

Struve, Tilman “Zwei Briefe der Kaiserin Agnes,”
Historisches Jahrbuch
104, 1984

Struve, Tilman “Die Romreise der Kaiserin Agnes,”
Historisches Jahrbuch
105, 1985

Sumption, Jonathan
Pilgrimage: An Image of Mediaeval Religion
London, 1975

Taylor, Catherine “The Year 1000 and Those Who Laboured,” in Frassatto New York, 2002

Tellenbach, Gerd
Church, State and Christian Society at the Time of the Investiture Contest
, tr. R. F. Bennett Oxford, 1940

Tellenbach, Gerd
The Church in Western Europe from the Tenth to the Early Twelfth Century
, tr. Timothy Reuter Cambridge, 1993

Thompson, Damian
The End of Time: Faith and Fear in the Shadow of the Millennium
London, 1996

Ullman, Walter
The Growth of Papal Government in the Middle Ages: A Study in the Ideological Relation of Clerical to Lay Power
London, 1955

Ullman, Walter
Principles of Government and Politics in the Middle Ages
London, 1961

Ullman, Walter
The Carolingian Renaissance and the Idea of Kingship
London, 1969

Ullman, Walter
A Short History of the Papacy in the Middle Ages
London, 1972

Vallvé Bermejo, J.
El Califato de Córdoba
Madrid, 1992

Vatikiotis, P. J. “Al-Hakim Bi-Amrillah: The God-King Idea Realised,”
Islamic Culture
29/1, 1955

Vatikiotis, P. J.
The Fatimid Theory of State
Lahore, 1957

Van Berchem, Denis
Le Martyre de la Légion Thébaine: Essai sur la Formation d’une Légende
Basel, 1956

Van Houts, Elisabeth “The Origins of Herleva, Mother of William the Conqueror,”
English Historical Review
101, 1986

Van Houts, Elisabeth “The Norman Conquest through European Eyes,”
English Historical Review
110, 1995

Van Houts, Elisabeth
The Normans in Europe
Manchester, 2000

Verhelst, D. “Les Conceptions d’Adson Concernant l’Antichrist,”
Recherches de
Théologie Ancienne et Médiévale
40 1973

Vogel, Jörgen
Gregor VII. und Heinrich IV. nach Canossa
Berlin, 1983

Vryonis, Speros
The Decline of Medieval Hellenism in Asia Minor and the Process of Islamization from the Eleventh through the Fifteenth Century
Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1971

Wach, Joachim
Sociology of Religion
Chicago, 1944

Walker, Ian W.
Harold: The Last Anglo-Saxon King
Stroud, 1997

Wallace-Hadrill, J. M.
The Barbarian West, 400–1000
London, 1964

Wallace-Hadrill, J. M.
Early Medieval History
Oxford, 1975

Warner, David A. “Henry II at Magdeburg: Kingship, Ritual and the Cult of Saints,”
Early Medieval Europe
3/2, 1994

Wasserstein, David J.
The Rise and Fall of the Party-Kings: Politics and Society in Islamic Spain 1002–1086
Princeton, 1985

Wasserstein, David J.
The Caliphate in the West: An Islamic Political Institution in the Iberian Peninsula
Oxford, 1993

Watkins, Basil
The Book of Saints: A Comprehensive Biographical Dictionary
London, 2002

Watson, Andrew M.
Agricultural Innovation in the Early Islamic World: The Diffusion of Crops and Farming Techniques, 700–1100
Cambridge, 1983

Whittow, Mark
The Making of Orthodox Byzantium, 600–1025
Basingstoke, 1996

Wickham, Chris “Italy and the Early Middle Ages,” in
The Birth of Europe: Archaeological and Social Development in the First Millennium
A.D.
, ed. Klaus Randsborg (Rome, 1989) Wickham, Chris:
Land and Power
London, 1994

Wickham, Chris “Debate: The Feudal Revolution,”
Past and Present
155, 1997

Wickham, Chris
Framing the Early Middle Ages: Europe and the Mediterranean, 400–800
Oxford, 2005

Wilkinson, John
Jerusalem Pilgrims before the Crusades
Warminster, 1977

Williams, John “Cluny and Spain,”
Gesta
27, 1988

Williams, Schafer
The Gregorian Epoch: Reformation, Revolution, Reaction?
Lexington, 1964

Wolf, Kenneth Baxter
Making History: The Normans and Their Historians in 11th Century Italy
Philadelphia, 1995

Wolff, Philippe
The Awakening of Europe
, tr. Anne Carter London, 1968

Wood, Michael
In Search of the Dark Ages
London, 1981

Wood, Michael
In Search of England: Journeys into the English Past
London, 1999

Woods, David “The Origin of the Legend of Maurice and the Theban Legion,”
Journal of Ecclesiastical History
45, 1994

Wormald, Patrick “
Engla lond
: The Making of an Allegiance,”
Journal of Historical
Sociology
7, 1994

Zimmerman, Harald
Der Canossagang von 1077: Wirkungen und Wirklichkeit
Mainz, 1975

Zotz, Thomas “Carolingian Tradition and Ottonian-Salian Innovation: Comparative Observations on Palatine Policy in the Empire,” in
Kings and Kingship in Medieval Europe
, ed. Anne J. Duggan London, 1993

Copyright © 2008 by Tom Holland

All Rights Reserved

Published in the United States by Doubleday, a division of Random House, Inc., New York.
www.doubleday.com
.

Originally published in Great Britain by Little Brown, a division of Time Warner Books
U.K., London, in 2008.

DOUBLEDAY
and the
DD
colophon are registered trademarks of Random House, Inc.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Holland, Tom, Dr.
[Millennium]
The forge of christendom: the end of days and the epic rise of the West / Tom Holland.—
1st ed.
p. cm.
Originally published: Millennium. Great Britain: Little, Brown, 2008.
1. Church history. I. Title.
BR145.3.H65 2009
270.2—dc22
2009000868

eISBN: 978-0-385-53020-0

v3.0_r1

Other books

The Fine Line by Kobishop, Alicia
Long Live the Queen by Ellen Emerson White
Kept by D. J. Taylor
Emergence (Book 2) by K.L. Schwengel
An Early Wake by Sheila Connolly
The Accidental Alchemist by Gigi Pandian
Ear-Witness by Mary Ann Scott
Breaking the Chain by Maggie Makepeace