The Gay Metropolis (69 page)

“even in ordinary”:
Time,
January 21, 1966.

169 “anti-homintern hysteria”: Author's interview with Gore Vidal, October 14, 1993.

“It seems to me” … “An outsider”: “The Homosexuals, CBS Reports,” March 7, 1967.

170 “Jesus Christ!”: Author's interview with Mike Wallace, November 6, 1995.

171 “It's not a question” … “out in that way”: Ibid.

In September 1967: Mark Thompson, ed.,
The Long Road to Freedom,
xvii-xx.

172 “Babe had said” … “unbelievable”: Author's interview with Katharine Graham, July 10, 1995.

173 “as spectacular a group”:
New York Times,
November 29, 1966, and the personal archive of Katharine Graham.

It
was
an amazing list:
New York Times,
November 29, 1966.

“I'd never seen anything like”: Author's interview with Katharine Graham, July 10, 1995.

“experience an instant inflation”:
New York Times,
December 8, 1966, quoted in Gerald Clarke,
Capote, 379.

174 “I really did”: Author's interview with “Stephen Reynolds,” September 24, 1992.

“There was such a”:
Esquire,
November 1991.

“Don't you see whom”: Ibid.

“So,” Capote asked: Gerald Clarke,
Capote, 379.

“I'd never met Jack”: Author's interview with Katharine Graham, July 10, 1995.

“Truman said he didn't”: Author's interview with Paul Cadmus, May 20, 1995.

“Completely”
… “I never was”: Author's interview with Katharine Graham, July 10, 1995.

175 “That's really why”: Author's interview with Walter Clemons, November 9, 1992.

“Any writer suspected”: Author's interview with Gore Vidal, January 14, 1993.

“I always thought those guys”: Author's interview with Jack Kroll, September 7, 1995.

176 “My mother was planning” … “do with anything”: Author's interview with Walter Clemons, November 9, 1992.

177 “Writing for Walter”: Author's interview with Jack Kroll, September 7, 1995.

“Jack's the best editor”: Author's interview with Walter Clemons, November 9, 1992.

“I always assumed”: Author's interview with Jack Kroll, September 7, 1995.

“I had never gotten” … “read you a passage”: Author's interview with Walter Clemons, November 9, 1992.

178 “The first person he knew”: Charles Simmons,
Wrinkles,
93–94.

“So Chris read me”: Author's interview with Walter Clemons, November 9, 1992.

179 “certainly a way” … “by the minute”: Author's interview with Christopher Lehmann-Haupt, April 11, 1997.

“Absolutely no recollection”: letter from A. M. Rosenthal to the author, May 5, 1997.

“I had gone to
Newsweek”:
Author's interview with Walter Clemons, November 9, 1992.

180 “very religious life” … “and my yarmulke”: Author's interview with Howard Rosenman, December 20, 1995.

182 “How to begin?”: Humphrey Burton,
Leonard Bernstein,
183–184, 186.

183 “fabulous … Leonard is an iconic”: Author's interview with Howard Rosenman, December 20, 1995.

In the fall of 1948: Humphrey Burton,
Leonard Bernstein,
183–85.

“The idea of resurrection”: Ibid., 365.

“Mrs. Leonard Bernstein”: Author's interview with Howard Rosenman, December 20, 1995.

184 “a look of almost”: Humphrey Burton,
Leonard Bernstein,
365.

“He was incredible” … “turned on to it”: Author's interview with Howard Rosenman, December 20, 1995.

185 “problem” … “detriment of others”:
New York Times,
January 1, 1966.

“with a sugarcane” … “boys in the band”:
New York Times,
October 21, 1993.

186 “What I
am,
Michael”: Mart Crowley,
The Boys in the Band.

“I can't send this”:
New York Times,
October 21, 1993.

“It worked as a play”: Author's interview with Murray Gitlin, February 26, 1993.

Crowley told colleagues: Author's interview with Howard Rosenman, December 20, 1995.

187 “transforming”: Author's interview with Murray Gitlin, February 26, 1993.

“You Don't Have”:
New York Times,
September 29, 1968.

“You think they'll”: Ibid., October 21, 1993.

“The Clothes The Boys”:
Women's Wear Daily,
May 9, 1968.

Seven months into:
New York Times,
November 6, 1968.

“As Christians”: Ibid., November 11, 1968.

“The thing I always hated”: Ibid., May 12, 1968.

“these were people”: Author's interview with Murray Gitlin, February 26, 1993.

“by far the frankest”:
New York Times,
April 15, 1968.

188 “the shot heard round”: Author's interview with Stephen Sondheim, August 1, 1995.

“I thought it was”: Author's interview with Howard Rosenman, December 20, 1995.

“did for plays what”:
New York Times,
October 21, 1995.

“have fun”: Ibid., May 12, 1968.

“Bored with Scandinavia”: Mart Crowley,
The Boys in the Band.

189 “I knew a lot of”:
The Celluloid Closet
(documentary).

“You are a sad” … “if you try”: Mart Crowley,
The Boys in the Band.

190 The play was a hit: Author's interview with Murray Gitlin, February 26, 1993.

Just a year after: Mark Thompson, ed.,
The Long Road to Freedom,
28–30.

“grimly visible”:
Time,
October 3, 1969.

“very pretty”: E-mail from Harvard undergraduate to author, May 18, 1997.

Jack Nichols and his lover: Letter from Jack Nichols to the author, December 12, 1995, and from Frank Kameny to the author, December 19, 1995;

Kameny emphasized that he wasn't actually acting
in response
to Crowley, “of whom and of whose play I probably had not heard at the time I coined the slogan.”

191 “have learned to hug”:
New York Times,
December 10, 1972.

“We're not like that”: Ibid., October 21, 1993.

“He was one of'… “he was a star”: Author's interview with Murray Gitlin, February 26, 1993.

192 “What's more boring”: Mart Crowley,
The Boys in the Band.

“a combination of absolute”: David Shipman,
Judy Garland,
74.

“I believe in doing what”: Noel Coward, “If Love Were All.”

“without doubt”: Dirk Bogarde,
Snakes and Ladders,
196, 199.

After Peter Lawford: Gerold Frank,
Judy,
516–17. Liza Minnelli said she witnessed this routine (from her mother's end of the line) regularly in 1962 and 1963.

Shipman relates the same story, 392.

“There was a vulnerability”: Liza Minnelli interview with
The Advocate,
September 3, 1996.

Garland loved men: David Shipman,
Judy Garland,
138–40.

193 “girl and boy next door”:
New York Times,
August 12, 1993.

“She is at bottom”: David Shipman,
Judy Garland,
408.

She was born Frances: Anne Edwards,
Judy Garland,
114.

“worked, slept, ate”: Ibid., 39.

“I sort of grew up”: Author's interview with Walter Clemons, November 9, 1992.

“The American people”: Anne Edwards,
Judy Garland,
62.

“I don't seem to”: Ibid., 60.

Garland made a halfhearted: David Shipman,
Judy Garland,
205–206.

Two years later: Gerold Frank,
Judy,
451; and David Shipman,
Judy Garland,
390–91.

194 “I think she beat”: Author's interview with Arthur Laurents, June 14, 1995.

“She ate up music”: David Shipman,
Judy Garland,
457.

“Here is my heart”: Gerold Frank,
Judy,
469.

“because with Streisand”: Author's interview with Arthur Laurents, June 14, 1995.

“the range of her talent”: Author's interview with Judy Barnett, December 4, 1995.

“I saw staid citizens”: David Shipman,
Judy Garland,
405–406.

“I could never cheat”: Dirk Bogarde,
Snakes and Ladders,
199.

In April 1961: David Shipman,
Judy Garland,
407.

She arrived at her Carnegie: Ibid., 409.

195 3, 149 other fans: Liner notes,
Judy at Carnegie Hall,
Capitol Records, CDP 7090014–15.

Outside, scalpers were: David Shipman,
Judy Garland,
409.

Garland finally opened the show:
Judy at Carnegie Hall,
Capitol Records, CDP 7090014–15.

Then she proceeded: David Shipman,
Judy Garland,
410.

“office boy in some”: Anne Edwards,
Judy Garland,
188–89.

“I don't know why”:
Judy at Carnegie Hall,
Capitol Records, CDP 7090014–15.

“Well, you know”: Anne Edwards,
Judy Garland,
190.

twenty-seven songs: “Almost Like Being in Love” and “This Can't Be Love”

were part of one medley, and “You Made Me Love You,” “For Me and My Gal,” and “The Trolley Song” were part of another.

“You really want more?”:
Judy at Carnegie Hall
Capitol Records, CDP 7090014–15.

196 Judith Crist saw tears: Anne Edwards,
Judy Garland,
189.

At a Christmas party: David Shipman,
Judy Garland,
501.

Three months later: Ibid., 504.

Three months after that: Ibid., 507–508.

“The greatest shock”: Vincent Canby, quoted in Ibid., 507.

Liza Minnelli remembered: Gerold Frank,
Judy,
632.

197 Frank Sinatra wanted: David Shipman,
Judy Garland,
509.

“Don't I look”: Gerold Frank,
Judy,
633.

For a day and a night: Ibid., 634–35; David Shipman;
Judy Garland,
509; and (for Valentino)
Encyclopaedia Britannica,
1974, vol. 10, 337.

Minnelli requested that no one: Anne Edwards,
Judy Garland,
303.

James Mason began: David Shipman,
Judy Garland,
509.

All that is certain: Martin Duberman,
Stonewall,
198.

“I had been in combat”:
Newsday,
June 20, 1994.

But the crowd was unusually:
Weekly News
(Miami), June 2, 1994.

“free-wheeling anarchy”: Martin Duberman,
Stonewall,
181.

198 Like nearly all gay bars: Martin Duberman,
Stonewall,
181.

Because the “inn” was: Ibid., 184.

“Judy Garland” and “Elizabeth Taylor”: Ibid., 187.

unlikely gold mine: Ibid., 185.

The bar had often been: Ibid., 194.

After checking for: Ibid., 195.

Several spectators agreed: Ibid., 196.

“The cop hit me”: Author's interview with Stormé DeLarverie, December 9, 1995.

The police were pelted:
Village Voice,
July 3, 1969.

“This is your payoff”:
The Question of Equality,
pt. 1 (documentary).

Morty Manford remembered: Eric Marcus,
Making History,
201.

The raiders quickly:
Village Voice,
July 3, 1969.

199 “They fell down”:
New York Newsday,
June 20, 1994.

Believing he could intimidate:
Village Voice,
July 3, 1969.

“Grab it, grab”:
Rat,
July 1969, quoted in Toby Marotta,
The Politics of Homosexuality,
73–74.

“Gay Power!”: Martin Duberman,
Stonewall,
197. Now one of the attackers:
Village Voice,
July 3, 1969.

“The homosexuals were usually”:
New York Newsday,
June 20, 1994.

“It was that close”:
Village Voice,
July 3, 1969. As the TPF waded: Ibid.

“Oh my God”:
The Question of Equality,
pt 1 (documentary).

200 “black guy, a queen”: Author's interview with Randy Bourscheidt, February 26, 1993.

“Stonewall was just”: Author's interview with Stormé DeLarverie, December 9, 1995.

“I got up and I” … “laughed at, scorned”: Author's interview with Roy Strickland and William Wynkoop, June 3, 1993.

“We are the Stonewall”: Martin Duberman,
Stonewall,
200–201.

201 “totally spontaneous”:
Rat,
July 1969, quoted in Toby Marotta,
The Politics of Homosexuality,
74.

By four
A.M.
:
New York Times,
June 29, 1969.

“Gay Power! Isn't that”:
Screw,
July 25, 1969.

When the
Voice
hit: Donn Teal,
The Gay Militants,
17.

“Sheridan Square this weekend”:
Village Voice,
July 3, 1969.

“Homo Nest Raided”:
New York Daily News,
July 6, 1969.

The very first gay-authored:
Screw,
July 25, 1969.

“If you are tired”: Ibid.

202 “The revolution in Sheridan”: Ibid.

IV: THE SEVENTIES

205 “The ‘homosexual problem'”:
New York Times Magazine,
January 17, 1971.

“It is one thing”: Ibid.

“This was a very idealistic”: Eric Marcus,
Making History,
204.

“To Victory!”:
New York Times,
January 6, 1986.

206 “It was like fire”:
The Question of Equality,
pt. 1 (documentary).

“I am a great believer”:
New York Times Magazine,
October 10, 1971.