Authors: Nicholas Stargardt
The German War (102 page)
137.
5
Winners and Losers
Winners and Losers
1
Jureit, ‘Zwischen Ehe und Männerbund’, 61–73: Robert to Mia, 13 Aug., 5 Oct. and 7 Sept. 1940.
2
Jureit, ‘Zwischen Ehe und Männerbund’, 66: Robert to Mia, 12 Sept. 1940.
3
Jureit, ‘Zwischen Ehe und Männerbund’, 66: Mia to Robert, 1 Oct. 1940.
4
Ute Dettmar, ‘Der Kampf gegen “Schmutz und Schund”’, in Neuhaus (ed.),
Die Kinder- und Jugendliteratur in der Zeit der Weimarer Republik,
565–86; Adam,
Lesen unter Hitler;
Herzog,
Sex after Fascism.
5
See Marszolek, ‘“Ich möchte Dich zu gern mal in Uniform sehen”’, 41–59; here 51; Latzel,
Deutsche Soldaten,
332 and 337–8.
6
Jureit, ‘Zwischen Ehe und Männerbund’, 68–9.
7
Latzel found that none of his correspondents in either world war discussed this topic: Latzel,
Deutsche Soldaten,
339; Meinen,
Wehrmacht und Prostitution im besetzten Frankreich;
Gildea,
Marianne in Chains,
49, 77; Virgili,
Naître ennemi,
40, 55 and 59.
8
Gildea,
Marianne in Chains,
76, 49 and 60.
9
Ibid., 73; also Morin,
Les Allemands en Touraine,
196; similarly in Simone de Beauvoir’s account of Germans arriving in Paris: Virgili,
Naître ennemi,
18, 60–3; de Beauvoir,
La Force de l’âge,
457.
10
Gildea,
Marianne in Chains,
88; Virgili,
Naître ennemi,
57–9.
11
Lulu Anne Hansen, ‘“Youth off the rails”’ in Herzog (ed.),
Brutality and Desire,
158 and 145–6: Børge Hebo, report of 2 Aug. 1940; Hartmann,
The Girls They Left Behind,
61: she found that 51 per cent said they preferred Germans over Danes, with 19.1 per cent citing the Germans’ courtly manners; 5–6 per cent thought the Germans were better lovers. For a critical analysis of her results, see Warring,
Tyskerpiger,
31ff. and 131.
12
Hansen, ‘“Youth off the Rails”’, 150–7.
13
Maren Röger,
Kriegsbeziehungen: Intimität, Gewalt und Prostitution im besetzten Polen 1939 bis 1945,
Frankfurt am Main, 2015, especially Ch. 2.
14
Kleindienst (ed.),
Sei tausendmal gegrüßt:
Ernst to Irene Guicking, 2, 7 and 13 Aug., 3 and 7 Sept. 1940.
15
KA 3931/2, Dierk S., ‘Auszüge aus dem Tagebuch’, 5–6: 21 July and 28 Sept. 1940; Dennler,
Die böhmische Passion,
31; Aly,
Hitlers Volksstaat,
117–18.
16
Kleindienst (ed.),
Sei tausendmal gegrüßt:
Ernst to Irene Guicking, 11 and 24 Nov., 6 and 17 Dec. 1940.
17
Tooze,
Wages of Destruction,
353–6.
18
Michel,
Paris allemand,
298; Aly,
Hitlers Volksstaat,
114–32.
19
Aly,
Hitlers Volksstaat,
115, 131–2: report of Nuremberg customs post, 3 Sept. 1943.
20
Ibid., 114, 118–19 and 128; Böll,
Briefe aus dem Krieg,
1, 90, 101, 108, 111: 5 and 21 Aug., 4 and 7 Sept. 1940.
21
MfK–FA, 3.2002.0211, Hans Albring to Eugen Altrogge, n.d. [July 1940]; Gordon, ‘Ist Gott Französisch?’, 287–98; Torrie, ‘“Our rear area probably lived too well”’, 309–30.
22
MfK–FA, 3.2002.0211, Hans Albring to Eugen Altrogge, 16 Aug. 1940 and n.d. [Aug.] 1940.
23
MfK–FA, 3.2002.210, Eugen Altrogge to Hans Albring, 12 Aug. 1940; J.W. von Goethe,
Von deutscher Baukunst,
Darmstadt, 1989 [1772]; Jantzen, ‘Das Straßburger Münster’, in Busse,
Das Elsaß,
271; Beutler,
Von deutscher Baukunst;
Williams, ‘Remaking the Franco-German borderlands’.
24
DHM, Do2 96/1861, ‘Tagebuch von Liselotte Purper’, 17–19 Sept. 1940; also 8, 14 and 16 May 1940.
25
Ibid., 2 Oct. 1940; Madajczyk,
Die Okkupationspolitik Nazideutschlands,
261–2; Aly,
‘Final Solution’,
45–7; Adelson and Lapides (eds),
Łód
Ghetto,
30–41.
26
Harvey, ‘Seeing the world’, in Swett et al. (eds),
Pleasure and Power in Nazi Germany,
177–204; Hugo Jaeger sold his collection to
Life
magazine, which has placed them online:
http://life.time.com/history/world-war-ii-color-photos-from-nazi-occupied-poland-1939–1940/#1
.
27
Epstein,
Model Nazi;
Madajczyk,
Die Okkupationspolitik Nazideutschlands,
407–8 and Table 15. A further 367,592 Poles were evicted – mainly from rural areas in central Poland near the new Soviet border with the General Government, to make way for military training grounds and SS camps; and citing Tadeusz Norwid,
Kraj bez Quislinga,
Rome, 1945, 30–2. See also Oskar Rosenfeld in Adelson and Lapides (eds),
Łód
Ghetto,
27; Hrabar et al.,
Kinder im Krieg – Krieg gegen Kinder,
82–3; Pohl,
Von der ‘Judenpolitik’ zum Judenmord,
52.
28
DHM, Do2 96/1861, ‘Tagebuch von Liselotte Purper’, 2 Oct. 1940.
29
Ibid., 1 Nov.–6. Dec. 1940; Harvey, ‘“Ich war überall”’, in Steinbacher (ed.),
Volksgenossinnen,
138–53.
30
DHM, Do2 96/1861, ‘Tagebuch von Liselotte Purper’, 2 Oct. 1940. See Harvey,
Women and the Nazi East,
155–6.
31
Epstein,
Model Nazi;
Wolf,
Ideologie und Herrschaftsrationalität;
Wolf, ‘Exporting
Volksgemeinschaft’,
in Steber and Gotto (eds),
Visions of Community in Nazi Germany,
129–45.
32
Hohenstein,
Wartheländisches Tagebuch,
293: 10 July 1942; Harten,
De-Kulturation und Germanisierung,
192–6.
33
Madajczyk,
Die Okkupationspolitik Nazideutschlands,
245–9; Herbert,
Hitler’s Foreign Workers,
61–4 and 86–96.
34
Hämmerle et al. (eds),
Gender and the First World War,
1–15; Daniel,
The War from Within;
Nienhaus, ‘Hitlers willige Komplizinnen’, in Grüttner et al. (eds),
Geschichte und Emanzipation,
517–39; Maubach, ‘Expansion weiblicher Hilfe’, in Steinbacher (ed.),
Volksgenossinnen;
Maubach,
Die Stellung halten.
35
Theweleit,
Male Fantasies,
1, 70–79; Cited in Rothmaler, ‘Fall 29’, in Justizbehörde Hamburg (ed.),
‘Von Gewohnheitsverbrechern’,
372. Przyrembel,
‘Rassenschande’.
36
Cited in Hansch-Singh,
Rassismus und Fremdarbeitereinsatz,
138; Kundrus and Szobar, ‘Forbidden company’.
37
Herbert,
Hitler’s Foreign Workers,
132; Gellately,
Backing Hitler,
172–3 and 176.
38
Lüdtke, ‘Denunziation – Politik aus Liebe?’, in Hohkamp and Ulbrich (eds),
Der Staatsbürger als Spitzel,
397–407; Przyrembel,
‘Rassenschande’,
65–84; Gellately,
Backing Hitler,
134–40 and 155–66; Gordon,
Hitler, Germans and the ‘Jewish Question’,
241.
39
Virgili,
Naître ennemi,
88–9.
40
Gellately,
The Gestapo and German Society,
243; Gellately,
Backing Hitler,
169–70 and 179–80; Herbert,
Hitler’s Foreign Workers,
129.
41
Gellately, The
Gestapo and German Society,
242; van Dülmen,
Theatre of Horror;
Evans,
Rituals of Retribution,
chapter 2.
42
Gellately,
Backing Hitler,
179: SD Bayreuth, 17 Aug. 1942; Fenwick, ‘Religion in the Wake of “Total War”.
43
Kundrus and Stobar, ‘Forbidden company’, 210; cited also in Hochhuth,
Eine Liebe in Deutschland,
63; Gellately,
The Gestapo and German Society,
238–9.
44
Gellately,
Backing Hitler,
180 and 160: Düsseldorf, Oct. 1942; Schweinfurt, Aug. 1941.
45
Nowak,
‘Euthanasie’ und Sterilisierung im ‘Dritten Reich’,
158–63; Löffler (ed.),
Galen: Akten, Briefe und Predigten,
874–83; Brodie, ‘For Christ and Germany’, 103; citing LNRW.AW,
NSDAP Kreis- und Ortsgruppenleitungen,
125, 11 Sept 1941; LNRW.ARH,
RW 35/08,
17.
46
Sick,
‘Euthanasie’ im Nationalsozialismus,
73; Gerhard Schmidt,
Selektion in der Heilanstalt,
118–19; Sandner,
Verwaltung des Krankenmordes,
457, 488–505, 595–6 and 642–3; Burleigh,
Death and Deliverance,
163–4.
47
Noakes,
Nazism,
3, 431; Trevor-Roper (ed.),
Hitler’s Table Talk,
555: 4 July 1942; Goebbels,
Tgb,
II/2, xxx, 27 and 29 Sept., 5 Nov. and 14 Dec. 1941.
48
Nowak,
‘Euthanasie’ und Sterilisierung im ‘Dritten Reich’,
168–70; Adolph,
Kardinal Preysing und zwei Diktaturen,
168–70: Preysing, 2 Nov. 1941.
49
Burleigh,
Death and Deliverance,
183–219; Brodie, ‘For Christ and Germany’, 103–8; Joachim Kuropka (ed.),
Meldungen aus Münster,
539.
50
MadR,
3175–8: 15 Jan. 1942; Rost,
Sterilisation und Euthanasie,
208–13; Nowak, ‘Widerstand, Zustimmung, Hinnahme’, in Frei (ed.),
Medizin und Gesundheitspolitik in der NS-Zeit,
235–51.
51
Schmuhl,
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