The Humor Code (39 page)

20.
 Dacher Keltner, et al., “Teasing in Hierarchical and Intimate Relations,”
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
(1998): 1231–1247.

21.
 Thomas E. Ford and Mark A. Ferguson, “Social Consequences of Disparagement Humor: A Prejudiced Norm Theory,”
Personality and Social Psychology Review
(2004): 79–94.

1.
 Lloyd M. Bucher and Mark Rascovich,
Bucher: My Story
(New York: Doubleday, 1970), 348.

2.
 Mark Twain,
Following the Equator
(American Publishing Company, 1898), 119.

3.
 Christie Davies,
Jokes and Targets
(Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2011), 227.

4.
 Ulrick Marzolph, “The Muslim Sense of Humor,” in
Humour and Religion: Challenges and Ambiguities
, ed. Hans Geybels and Walter van Herck (London: Continuum, 2011), 173.

5.
 Ibid., 179.

6.
 Khalid Kishtainy, “Humor and Resistance in the Arab World and the Greater Middle East” in
Civilian Jihad: Nonviolent Struggle, Democratization, and Governance in the Middle East
, ed. Maria J. Stephen (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010), 56–57.

7.
 Sigmund Freud, “Humour,”
International Journal of Psycho-Analysis
(1928): 4.

8.
 Davies,
Jokes and Targets
, 264.

9.
 Ibid., 251.

10.
 A. Peter McGraw, Lawrence T. Williams, and Caleb Warren, “The Rise and Fall of Humor: Psychological Distance Modulates Humorous Responses to Tragedy (2013) (under review).

1.
 Paul Schulten, “Physicians, Humour and Therapeutic Laughter in the Ancient World,”
Social Identities
(2001): 71.

2.
 Norman Cousins,
Anatomy of an Illness as Perceived by the Patient
(New York: W. W. Norton, 2005), 40.

3.
 Madan Kataria,
Laugh for No Reason
(Mumbai, India: Madhuri International, 1999), 11.

4.
 M. D. Shevach Friedler, et al., “The Effect of Medical Clowning on Pregnancy Rates After In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer,”
Fertility and Sterility
(2011): 2127–2130.

5.
 R. A. Martin, “Is Laughter the Best Medicine?: Humor, Laughter, and Physical Health,”
Sage Journals
(2002): 217.

6.
 Sven Svebak, Rod A. Martin, and Jostein Holmen, “The Prevalence of Sense of Humor in a Large, Unselected County Population in Norway: Relations with Age, Sex, and Some Health Indicators,”
Humor: International Journal of Humor Research
(2004): 121–134.

7.
 Carr and Greeves,
Only Joking
, 53.

8.
 “No More Clowning Around: It's Too Scary,”
Nursing Standard
(2008): 11.

9.
 Cath Battrick, Edward Alan Glasper, Gill Prudhoe, and Katy Weaver, “Clown Humour: the Perceptions of Doctors, Nurses, Parents and Children,”
Journal of Children's and Young People's Nursing
(2007): 174–179.

10.
 Dacher Keltner and George A. Bonanno, “A Study of Laughter and Dissociation: Distinct Correlates of Laughter and Smiling During Bereavement,”
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
(1997): 687–702.

11.
 Charles V. Ford and Raymond C. Spaulding, “The Pueblo Incident: A Comparison of Factors Related to Coping with Extreme Stress,”
Archives of General Psychiatry
(1973): 340–343.

12.
 Michelle Gayle Newman and Arthur A. Stone, “Does Humor Moderate the Effects of Experimentally Induced Stress?”
Annals of Behavioral Medicine
(1996): 101–109.

13.
 A. Peter McGraw, Christina Kan, and Caleb Warren, “Humorous Complaining” (2013) (under review).

Aarhus, Denmark: McGraw and Warner's visit to,
132
–40

Abbas, Mahmoud,
160

Abraham (biblical person),
156
,
171

Abu Ghraib prison (Iraq) photos,
124
–25,
141

The Act of Creation
(Koestler),
49

Adams, Hunter “Patch,”
181
,
183
,
186
–87,
191
,
192
,
196
,
211

Addams, Charles,
56

advertising

creating humor for,
43
,
51
–54

about
Paradise Island
show,
136
,
139

See also
alcohol: humor and

Africa

See
Tanzania

age: humor and,
35
,
95

“Aha!” moment,
56
,
199

Ahmadinejad, Mahmoud,
145

Al-Abi,
157

alcohol: humor and,
62
–66,
208
–9

Allen, Melanie,
48

Amazon, trip to

benign violation theory and,
205

clown brigade and,
175
–76,
181
–94,
205

McGraw and Warner's,
175
–76,
181
–94,
196
,
205
,
211

McGraw and Warner's lessons learned from,
200
,
205

Amelia (survivor of laughter epidemic),
84
,
86
–88

Anatomy of an Illness as Perceived by the Patient
(Cousins),
122
,
177

animals

laughter of,
79
–81

Mohammad cartoons and,
143
–46

Annual Association for Applied and Therapeutic Humor Conference,
176
–77,
178
,
179
,
180

Ansari, Aziz,
39
–40

anthropologists: comedians compared with,
30

anti-Israeli jokes,
164
–65

Arab comedy ladder,
158

Araki, Takahiro,
106
,
116
,
118

Ariely, Dan,
112

Aristophanes,
165

Aristotle,
6
,
11
,
84

Attardo, Salvatore,
26
–27

attention-grabbing jokes,
54

audience: role of,
23
,
32
–34,
86
,
200
,
205

Awad, Manal,
160
–61,
162
,
165

Aykroyd, Dan,
27

Bartholomew, Robert,
90

batsu
game,
116
,
117

Bekoff, Marc,
81

Belén project (Peru),
181
,
183
–89,
191

Bell, Nancy,
129

Belushi, John,
27

benign violation theory

alcohol-humor study and,
63
–66

Amazon trip and,
205

and balancing benign and violation,
200
,
205
–6

C.K.-McGraw discussion and,
18

creativity and,
49
,
52

criticisms of,
11
–12,
13

development of,
9
–13

everyday life and,
212

fly-down experiment and,
128

and humor as coping,
189

Japanese humor and,
205
,
208

and Just For Laughs Festival invitation,
203
–5,
206
–10

laughter and,
72
,
78

and pain as source of humor,
154

Palestine trip and,
205

purpose of,
201

Sarah Silverman Strategy and,
12

Seinfeld Strategy and,
12
,
15

timing and,
205
–6

Warner's thoughts about,
210

and what makes people funny,
18

and what makes successful comedians,
38
–39

Berg, Alex,
39

Bergson, Henri,
157

Between Heaven and Mirth
(Martin),
156

bin Laden, Osama,
160

Binder, McKenzie,
35

birth-control campaign,
52
,
53
–54,
167
,
205

black comedians,
35

“black swan” arguments,
167
–69

bladeless fans experiment,
120

Bloomberg, Michael,
42

Bodden, Alonzo,
201

boke
(Japanese comedy partner),
106
,
205

Boosler, Elayne,
20

Born Standing Up: A Comic's Life
(Martin),
30

bowling-ball cartoon (Kanin),
47
,
55
–58,
64
–65

Brady, Jordan,
31

Brockovich, Erin,
90

Brooks, Mel,
163

Brown, Tina,
45

Bruce, Lenny,
25
,
36
,
63
,
112
,
120

Bucher, Lloyd,
153
–54

Bukoba, Tanzania: McGraw and Warner's visit to,
73
–75,
83
–85

Burgdorf, Jeffrey,
80
–81

burlesque show, African,
75

Carell, Steve,
27

The Caricature Crisis
(Larsen),
138

caricature.dk (website),
148

Carolla, Adam,
108
,
109

Carr, Jimmy,
36

Carter, Erin Percival,
38

cartoons

aggressive,
124

“Aha!” moment for,
56

and aspiring cartoonists,
54
–58

captionless,
49

context for,
56

and definition of cartooning,
47

disadvantages of,
142

fact-checkers for,
56
,
58

as failures,
128
–30,
132

Gruner's views about,
123
–24

McGraw and Warner's lessons learned from,
206

Mohammad,
124
–30,
131
–32,
133
–37,
138
–39,
140

See also
the
New Yorker
cartoons

The Cartoons that Shook the World
(Klausen),
127

cat-as-sex-toy story,
9
,
10

censorship,
130
,
160

Center for Applied Nonviolent Action and Strategies (CANVAS),
169

Central Casting (Los Angeles),
33
–34

Chaplin, Charlie,
112
,
113

charging woman: in Denmark,
119

Cheezburger Network,
13

Chesterfield, Lord,
123

children,
84
–85,
193
–94

See also
laughter epidemics; Tanzania

church raffle–Hummer story,
4
,
10

C.K., Louis,
17
–18,
40
,
72

“clash of two mutually incompatible codes,”
49
–50

cleverness: creativity and,
50

Clinton, Bill,
63

Close, Del,
28

clowns

Amazon trip and,
175
–76,
181
–94,
205

benign violation theory and,
205

and Glick's Parkinson's disease,
191
–92

image of,
187

McGraw's views about,
188
–89

nose of,
182
–83,
187
,
196
,
198
,
211

as outsiders,
187

training for,
186

The Colbert Report
(TV program),
62
,
111

Colbert, Stephen,
27

Collins, Robert Merrifield,
120

comedians

audience relationship with,
23
,
32
–34,
86
,
200
,
205

earnings of,
35
,
106

as inherently unhappy,
37

Jews as,
30

as outsiders,
30
,
72
,
199
,
201

production process impact on,
59
–62

therapy programs for,
36

and who is funny,
17
–41,
199