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Alcatel, 337, 338, 340, 346

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American Telephone & Telegraph (AT&T), 2, 17–20, 25–26, 331

anti-Semitism at, 63–64

antitrust suit against, 273–75, 297–303

Bell System,
see
Bell System

Bell Telephone Laboratories,
see
Bell Telephone Laboratories

companies within, 25

Depression and, 36, 37

federal investigation of, 45

horizontal structure of, 298–99

Long Lines Department, 25, 173, 269, 301

military and, 157–58

monopoly held by, 17, 30–31, 155, 158, 161–62, 164, 182–83, 185–86, 268–75, 297–301, 346, 350–51

patents held by,
see
patents

publicity and image of, 44–45

Sandia Labs and, 160, 271

vertical structure of, 298, 301

Western Electric,
see
Western Electric

amplifiers, 57–58, 83, 94–97, 99

Anderson, Phil, 55, 56, 102, 154

Angus, Irene, 140–41

Anti-Submarine Warfare Operations Research Group (ASWORG), 71–72

Apollo program, 4, 316, 356

Apple, 353–54

applied vs. basic research, 28–29

Arnold, Harold, 22–23, 24, 27, 28, 30, 32, 33, 41, 57, 122, 176, 353

audion and, 23

death of, 36

ASCII, 129–30

Astounding Science Fiction,
202

astronomy, 106

A.T.&T.: The Story of Industrial Conquest
(Danielian), 45–47

atomic bomb, 59–60, 65–66, 74, 104, 202, 356

Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), 159–60, 246, 266

atoms, 42, 81, 83–84, 85

audion, 23

Baker, Helen, 240–41

Baker, William, 2, 3, 38–39, 81, 211, 213, 236, 237–49, 250–52, 254, 256, 258, 260–61, 266–67, 270–73, 275, 278, 297, 304, 307, 311, 319, 327–29, 342, 347, 352, 357

antitrust suit and, 300–301

as Bell Labs president, 268–69, 301

charge-coupled device and, 261

childhood of, 240–41

death of, 330

Fisk and, 241–42, 243

government work of, 245–49

Pierce and, 238, 243–44

retirement of, 301

Shannon and, 244

Shockley and, 313–14

synthetic rubber work of, 242–43

Telecommunications Act and, 328–29

Baker Committee, 246–47

Bamford, James, 247

Bardeen, John, 88–89, 92, 94–97, 163, 166, 180, 197, 266, 315–17

Brattain and, 89

death of, 316

Nobel Prizes awarded to, 181, 317

“surface states” theory of, 92–93

transistor work of, 99–107, 110, 111, 114, 171, 181, 281, 315–16

Barzman (née Levor), Norma, 119–20, 121, 133

basic research, 30

applied research vs., 28–29

Baxter, William, 297–98, 301

Beckman, Arnold, 308

Bell, Alexander Graham, 17, 23–24, 98, 112, 263

Bell Laboratories Record,
63, 74, 160, 169, 173, 263

Bello, Francis, 142, 163–64, 184–85

Bell System, 17–20, 22, 26, 341

breakup of, 272, 301–2, 304, 328, 330, 331, 333

growth of, 45–46

MCI and, 271–74, 299

New York World’s Fair exhibit of, 228–31, 262

quality control within, 49–50

Bell System Technical Journal,
41, 127

Bell Telephone Laboratories, 1–2, 298, 330–38, 339–60

antitrust suit and, 299–303

“case” classifications at, 80

Communications Development Training Program (“Kelly College”) at, 153, 293