The Imaginations of Unreasonable Men (32 page)

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Authors: Bill Shore

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Herskowitz, Ahvie
Hilleman, Maurice
Hochschild, Adam
Hodes, Rick
Hoffman, Stephen
background and character qualities
clinical trial for Sanaria vaccine
early practices and research
harvests, irradiates,
P. falciparum
parasite
obtains financial, professional, support
researches with wife Kim Lee Sim
scales existing vaccine discovery
See also
Sanaria; Vaccines for malaria
Holder, Tony
Hookworm
described
vaccine developed by Hotez
Hooper, Arthur
Hotez, Peter
Human Hookworm Vaccine Initiative
Hunger eradication vs. feeding people.
See also
Childhood hunger; Share Our Strength
Idol Gives Back
television program
Imagination
leading to breakthroughs
as a moral, compassionate, connection
of Steve Hoffman
Imagination gap
Immunity against malaria
acquired by adults
lost by pregnant women
threshold issue for Sanaria vaccine
triggered by attenuated parasite/ vaccine
India
Indian Medical Service
Indonesia
Innovative Developing Countries (IDCs)
Insecticides
Institute for OneWorld Health
creation described
as nonprofit pharmaceutical
Instituto Butantan
International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol)
Investigational New Drug Application
Jacobs-Lorena, Marcelo
Jewish Social Services Agency, Rockville, Maryland
Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute.
See
Malaria Research Institute
Johns Hopkins School of Public Health.
See also
Bloomberg School of Public Health; Malaria Research Institute
Joint BioEnergy Institute
Karolinski Institute, Makerere University
Kashf financial services company
Kaslow, David
Kean, Ben
Keasling, Jay
compared to Hoffman
creates Amyris
on medicine-as-treatment approach
synthetic artemisinin
synthetic fuel research
Kennedy, John F.
Kenya
Kenya Medical Research Institute
Khosla Ventures
Kleiner Perkins
Kochi, Arata
Kopp, Wendy
Kornberg, Arthur
Kozol, Jonathan
Kumar, Nirbhay
Lanar, David
Lariam (mefloquine)
Laveran, Alphonse
Leadership characteristics
Levine, Myron M.
Li Guo Qiao
Liberia
Liquid nitrogen for freezing vaccines
Liver state antigen vaccine.
See
LSA-1
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
Long, Carole
Loucq, Christian
LSA-1 (liver stage antigen) vaccine
Luke, Tom
Lumefatrine
Mahmoud, Adel
“Malaria: Blood, Sweat, and Tears” photographic exhibit
Malaria Control and Evaluation Partnership in Africa (MACEPA)
Malaria eradication efforts
compared to medicinal treatments
of Hoffman summarized
reasons for failures
require breakthrough thinking
Malaria Forum
Malaria Institute of Macha
Malaria No More
Malaria parasites
become stronger with counterfeit drugs
disease cycle complexity
irradiated
merozoites
mosquito transmission discovered
Plasmodium falciparum
extracted
replication, mutation, in red blood cells
research described
See also
Resistance of malaria to antimalarial drugs
Malaria R&D Alliance
Malaria Research Institute
Malaria Vaccine Initiative (MVI).
See
PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative
Malerone
Manson, Patrick
Manson’s Tropical Diseases
(Cook and Zumla)
Marines, U.S.
Market-directed organizations (MDOs)
Markets for malaria cures
with cause-related marketing partnerships
creating
found, created, by social entrepreneurs
Gates leverages commercial investments
importance of affordability
incentives lacking
military personnel, travelers
Mary’s Center, Washington, D.C.
McNeil, John
MDOs.
See
Market-directed organizations
Measles virus
Médecins Sans Frontières.
See
Doctors Without Borders
Medicinal treatment efforts
about
artemisinin
chloroquine
mefloquine
quinine
sulfadoxine pyrimethamine
varied approaches
vs. eradication through vaccines
See also
Bed nets; Vector control
Mefloquine (Lariam)
Melo, John
Menendez, Clara
Merozoite parasites
Military operations affected by malaria
American Revolutionary War
as focus for research
as leading cause of casualties
U.S. Civil War
Vietnam War
World War II Pacific campaigns
Military personnel as market for vaccines
Millennium Development goals
Millennium Promise
Miller, Clara
Miller, Louis
Moral imagination
Moree, Melinda
Mosquirix
Mozambique
Muhwezi, Jim
Müller, Paul
Multi-drug-resistant (MDR) gene
MVI.
See
PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative
NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)
National Institute for Medical Research (London)
National Institutes of Health (NIH)
Naval Medical Research Center, U.S.
Naval Medical Research Institute, U.S.
Naval Medical Research Unit Two (NAMRU-2)
Navy, U.S.
Neglected diseases
addressed by OneWorld Health
discussed
financial considerations (
see
Cost considerations for disease control)
increased attention to
ranked with DALYs metric
Nepal
Neustadt, Richard
Newman, Jack
Newton, Paul
Nigeria
Nongovernmental organizations.
See
Nonprofit organizations
Nonprofit Finance Fund
Nonprofit organizations
with cause-related marketing
combined with political, market, forces
fee-for-service programs
funding of malaria research
and gross margin concept
with long-term market mechanisms
OneWorld Health pharmaceutical
within science disciplines
sustainability and scaling
transformed into MDOs
Novartis
Nussenzweig, Ruth
about
attenuated sporozoite vaccine
discovers potential of weakened parasite
on Hoffman’s clinical trials
identifies circumsporozoite as vaccine target
parasite irradiation research
Nussenzweig, Victor
O’Connor, Francis
On Becoming a Leader
(Bennis)
OneWorld Health.
See
Institute for OneWorld Health
Open Society Institute
Optimism as a characteristic
P. falciparum
.
See Plasmodium falciparum
parasite
Pakistan
Pallotta, Dan
Panama Canal
Parasitic diseases
black fever
elephantiasis
hookworm
as lacking vaccines
tropical
See also
Malaria parasites
Paromomycin
Partners in Health (PIH)
Pasteur, Louis
PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative (MVI)
on Sanaria clinical trials Phase I
as Sanaria’s main funder
Pennsylvania Fresh Food Financing Initiative
Pharmaceutical industry
Pheap Sung
Philanthropic organizations
fill failed economic markets gap
help nonprofits accountability to market forces
look for returns on investments
with market mechanisms for social goals
prefer vertical disease-fighting strategies
as solvers, funders, of social problems
with venture capital investing
Plasmodium falciparum
parasite
in clinical trials
complexity of life-cycle
extracted by Hoffman
in RTS,S trials
transmission-blocking research
Polio vaccine
Politics of disease eradication
addressed by DALYs
balanced with market mechanisms
with government as market
setbacks due to loss of infrastructure
and voiceless malaria victims
PopTech conference
Pre-erythrocytic stage vaccines
Presidents Malaria Initiative (PMI)
Presidents’ Summit
Problem solving
new roles of foundations
with no market incentives for poor people
of root causes vs. amelioration
strategies
through imaginative leaps
Product Development Partnerships
Project Mercy
Proportional analysis of vaccine efficacy
Protein Potential
Public/private partnerships
Pucker, Bernie
Pucker, Sue
Quinine
Rabinovitz, Regina
Recombinant DNA technology
Reiling, Kinkead
The Reinvestment Fund
Resistance of malaria to antimalarial drugs
about
artemisinin
chloroquine
counterfeit artemisinin drugs
mefloquine
Roepe’s research
Retinal changes in cerebral malaria victims
Rockefeller, John D.
Rockefeller Foundation
Roepe, Paul
Roll Back Malaria
Ross, Ronald
RTS,S vaccine
Alonso leads research, trials
compared to Sanaria vaccine
created
as first-generation vaccine
funded by Gates Foundation
measurements questioned
Mosquirix tested
with only partial efficacy
See also
Clinical trials of malaria vaccines
Sabin Vaccine Institute
Sachs, Jeffrey
Sanaria
about
facility described, opened
funding
harvests, irradiates,
P. falciparum
as market-directed organization
translational research efforts
vaccine compared to Jacobs-Lorena and Kumar’s
vaccine compared to Keasling’s
vaccine compared to RTS,S
Sanofi-Aventis
Scaling and sustainability
Schizont cells
Schramm, J. B.
Scofield, Chuck
SeaChange Capital Partners
Self-confidence as a characteristic
Shapiro, Teresa
Share Our Strength
about
addresses root causes of hunger
Charge Against Hunger campaign
in Ethiopia
Sim, Kim Lee
contributes to vaccine development
researches with husband Hoffman
runs Protein Potential
Skadinsky, Carla
Sleeping sickness
Smallpox vaccine
Smith, Craig
Social entrepreneurship
autonomy
importance of affordable solutions
and markets for nonprofit goods, services
and new roles for philanthropy
in poor countries by nonprofit investors
with scaling focus, not just creating
Social marketing
Social problem solutions
by competing for return on investment
foundation grant partners
government/philanthropy/ marketplace/science
and market economic principles
pursued by attacking root causes
through biotech engineering
through scalable strategies
Sontochin
Soros, George
South Africa
Space program in the twentieth century
Spectroscopy
Spending on diseases.
See
Cost considerations for disease control
Sporozoites
and Hoffman’s vaccine
in malaria disease cycle
Sri Lanka
Stewart, Ann
Stoll, Norman
Stroud, Robert
Sulfadoxine pyrimethamine (SP)
Sullivan, David
Surowiecki, James
Sweden
Synthetic fuel production
Tanzania
Taxol
Teach for America
“The Mosquito Can Be More Dangerous. . . . ” article (Smith and Hooper)
Thompson, Bob
Timberland Company
Time-to-event analysis vs. proportional analysis

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