The Knowledge: How to Rebuild Our World From Scratch (33 page)

Read The Knowledge: How to Rebuild Our World From Scratch Online

Authors: Lewis Dartnell

Tags: #Science & Mathematics, #Science & Math, #Technology

BOOK: The Knowledge: How to Rebuild Our World From Scratch
11.75Mb size Format: txt, pdf, ePub

Epigraph
:
Coupland (1992).

electrolysis of seawater
:
Abdel-Aal et al. (2010).

aluminum
:
Johnson (1977), Kean (2010).

electrolysis and discovery of new elements
:
Gribbin (2002), Holmes (2008).

periodic table
:
Fara (2009), Kean (2010).

black powder as elixir for immortality
:
Winston (2010).

nitroglycerin and dynamite
:
Mokyr (1990).

applications of photography
:
Gribbin (2002), Osman (2011).

rudimentary photography
:
Sutton (1986), Ware (1997), Crump (2001), Ware (2002), Ware (2004).

industrial chemistry
:
Mokyr (1990).

demand for soda
:
Deighton (1907), Reilly (1951).

Leblanc process, early industrial pollution, Solvay processes
:
Deighton (1907), Reilly (1951), Mokyr (1990).

William Crookes quote
:
Standage (2010).

nitrogen gas is the least reactive diatomic substance
:
Schrock (2006).

Haber-Bosch process
:
Standage (2010), Kean (2010), Perkins (1977), Edgerton (2007a).

12: TIME AND PLACE

Adam Frank,
About Time: Cosmology and Culture at the Twilight of the Big Bang
.

Eric Bruton,
The History of Clocks & Watches
.

Dava Sobel,
Longitude: The True Story of a Lone Genius Who Solved the Greatest Scientific Problem of His Time
.

Epigraph
:
Denis Diderot as quoted by Goodman (1995).

constancy of sand time (hourglass) compared to water clock
:
Bruton (2000).

sundials
:
Oleson (2008).

Manhattan as a city-size Stonehenge
:
Astronomy Picture of the Day, July 12, 2006, http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap060712.html.

mechanical clocks
:
Usher (1982), Bruton (2000), Gribbin (2002), Frank (2011).

60 seconds, 60 minutes, 24 hours
:
Crump (2001), Frank (2011).

“o’clock”
:
Mortimer (2008).

first appearance of Sirius
:
Schaefer (2000).

resurrect the Gregorian calendar
:
see Pappas (2011) for one proposal for reformatting the year into a different structure of months.

navigation before accurate clocks by sailing along line of latitude
:
Usher (1982).

solving the longitude problem
:
Sobel (1995).

spring-based clocks
:
Usher (1982), Bruton (2000).

22 chronometers aboard HMS
Beagle
:
Sobel (1995).

13: THE GREATEST INVENTION

Epigraph
:
Eliot (1943).

nothing inevitable about technological progress and history of China
:
Mokyr (1990).

Industrial Revolution in eighteenth-century Britain
:
Allen (2009).

metric system and why UK and USA did not adopt it
:
Crump (2001).

invention of barometer and thermometer
:
Crump (2001), Chang (2004).

the scientific revolution and how science is done
:
Shapin (1996), Kuhn (1996), Bowler and Morus (2005), Henry (2008), Ball (2012).

symbiosis between science and technology
:
Basalla (1988), Mokyr (1990), Bowler and Morus (2005), Arthur (2009), Johnson (2010).

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Abdel-Aal, H.K., K.M. Zohdy, and M. Abdel Kareem. 2010. “Hydrogen Production Using Sea Water Electrolysis.”
The Open Fuel Cells Journal
3: 1-7.

Adams, John Joseph, ed. 2008.
Wastelands: Stories of the Apocalypse
. San Francisco: Night Shade Books.

Agromisa Human Nutrition and Food Processing Group. 1990.
Preservation of Foods
.
(ATL 07-289) Wageningen, Netherlands: Agromisa Foundation.

Ahuja, Rajeev, Andreas Blomqvist, Peter Larsson, et al. 2011. “Relativity and the Lead-acid Battery.”
Physical Review Letters
106 (1): 018301.

Allen, Robert C. 2009.
The British Industrial Revolution in Global Perspective
. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Ambrosoli, Mauro. 1997.
The Wild and the Sown: Botany and Agriculture in Western Europe, 1350-1850
. Past and Present Publications. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Originally published as
Scienziati, contadini e proprietari: botanica e agricoltura nell’Europa oeridentale 1350–1850
(Turin: Giulio Einaudi, 1992).

Arthur, W. Brian. 2009.
The Nature of Technology: What It Is and How It Evolves
. New York: Free Press.

Ashton, Kevin. 2013. “What Coke Contains.”
Medium
. April 5. https://medium.com/the-ingredients-2/221d449929ef.

Aspin, B. Terry. 1975.
Foundrywork for the Amateur
. (ATL 04-94) Hemel Hempstead, UK: Model and Ailied Publications, Argus Books.

Atwood, Margaret. 2003.
Oryx and Crake
. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart.

Avery, Mike. 2001a. “What Is Sourdough?” SourdoughHome, http://www.sourdoughhome.com/index.php?content=whatissourdough.

———. 2001b. “Starting a Starter.” SourdoughHome, http://www.sourdoughhome.com/index.php?content=startermyway2.

Ball, Philip. 2012.
Curiosity: How Science Became Interested in Everything
. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press.

Basalla, George. 1988.
The Evolution of Technology
. Cambridge History of Science Series. Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press.

Bell, Alice. 2011. “How the Refrigerator Got Its Hum.”
through the looking glass
(blog), September 19. http://alicerosebell.wordpress.com/2011/09/19/how-the-refrigerator-got-its-hum/.

Blandford, Percy. 1976.
Old Farm Tools and Machinery: An Illustrated History
. Newton Abbot, UK: David & Charles.

Bloomfield, Sally F., and Kumar Jyoti Nath. 2009.
Use of Ash and Mud for Handwashing in Low Income Communities.
Mantacute, UK: International Scientific Forum on Home Hygiene.

Bostrom, Nick, and Milan M. Ćirković, eds. 2008.
Global Catastrophic Risks
. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.

Bowler, Peter J., and Iwan Rhys Morus. 2005.
Making Modern Science: A Historical Survey
. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

Boyle, Godfrey, Peter Harper, and the editors of
Undercurrents
. 1976.
Radical Technology: Food, Shelter, Tools, Materials, Energy, Communication, Autonomy, Community
. (ATL 01-13) New York: Pantheon Books.

Buttriss, Judith. 1999.
Nutrition and Food Processing.
London: British Nutrition Foundation.

Broers, Alec. 2005.
The Triumph of Technology: The BBC Reith Lectures 2005
. Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press.

Brooks, Michael. 2009. “Electric Cars: Juiced Up and Ready to Go.”
New Scientist
, July 20: 42–45.

Brown, Henry T. 2008.
507 Mechanical Movements: Mechanisms and Devices
. 18th ed. (1906). La Vergne, TN: BN Publishing. First published 1868.

Bruton, Eric. 2000.
The History of Clocks & Watches
. London: Little, Brown.

Bureau of Naval Personnel. 1971.
Basic Machines and How They Work
.
(ATL 04-81) Mineola, NY: Dover Publications.

Carr, Marilyn, ed. 1985.
The AT Reader: Theory and Practice in Appropriate Technology
.
(ATL 01-20) ITDG Publishing.

Carusella, Brian. 2008. “Foxhole and PoW Built Radios: History and Construction.” Bizarre Stuff You Can Make in Your Kitchen. http://bizarrelabs.com/foxhole.htm.

Casselman, Anne. 2011. “Microscope, DIY, 3 Minutes.”
The Last Word on Nothing
(blog), September 5. http://www.lastwordonnothing.com/2011/09/05/guest-post-microscope-diy/.

Chang, Hasok. 2004.
Inventing Temperature: Measurement and Scientific Progress
. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.

Clark, David P. 2010.
Germs, Genes & Civilization: How Epidemics Shaped Who We Are Today.
Upper Saddle River, NJ: FT Press / Pearson.

Clayton, Bruce D. 1980.
Life After Doomsday: A Survivalist Guide to Nuclear War and Other Major Disasters
. Boulder, CO: Paladin Press.

Clews, Henry. 1974.
Electric Power from the Wind
. (ATL 21-466) Norwich, VT: Enertech Corporation.

Cohen, Laurie P. 2000. “Many Medicines Are Potent Years Past Expiration Dates.”
Wall Street Journal
, March 28. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB954201508530067326.html.

Collins, H. M. 1974. “The TEA Set: Tacit Knowledge and Scientific Networks.”
Science Studies
4 (2): 165–86.

Conant, Jeff. 2005.
Sanitation and Cleanliness for a Healthy Environment
. Berkeley, CA: The Hesperian Foundation.

Connolly, Kate. 2001. “Human Flesh On Sale in Land the Cold War Left Behind.”
The Observer
, April 7. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/apr/08/russia.kateconnolly.

Cook, John, Balu Sankaran, and Ambrose E.O. Wasunna (eds.). 1988.
General Surgery at the District Hospital
.
(ATL 27-721) Geneva: World Health Organization.

Coupland, Douglas. 1992.
Shampoo Planet
. New York: Pocket Books.

———. 1998.
Girlfriend in a Coma
. New York: Regan Books / HarperCollins.

Cowan, Ruth Schwartz. 1985. “How the Refrigerator Got Its Hum.” In
The Social Shaping of Technology
, edited by Donald MacKenzie and Judy Wajcman. Milton Keynes, UK, and Philadelphia: Open University Press.

Cowie, Jonathan. 2012.
Climate Change: Biological and Human Aspects
. 2nd ed. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Crump, Thomas. 2001.
A Brief History of Science: As Seen through the Development of Scientific Instruments
. London: Constable & Robinson.

Dahl, Roald. 1975.
Danny,
the Champion of the World
. London: Jonathan Cape.

Dalton, Alan P. 1973.
Chemicals from Biological Resources
. London: Intermediate Technology Development Group.

Dalzell, Howard W., Kenneth R. Gray, and A.J. Biddlestone. 1981.
Composting in Tropical Agriculture
.
(ATL 05-165) Ashford, UK: International Institute of Biological Husbandry.

David, Saul. 2012. “How Germany Lost the WWI Arms Race.” BBC News Magazine, February 15. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-17011607.

Davidson, J. P. 2011.
Planet Word
:
The Story of Language from the Earliest Grunts to Twitter and Beyond.
To accompany the BBC series.
London: Michael Joseph / Penguin.

Davison, Robert, Doug Vogel, Roger Harris, and Noel Jones. 2000. “Technology Leapfrogging in Developing Countries: An Inevitable Luxury?”
The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries
1 (5): 1–10.

De Decker, Kris. 2009. “Wind Powered Factories: History (and Future) of Industrial Windmills.”
Low-tech Magazine
, October 8. http://www.lowtechmagazine.com/2009/10/history-of-industrial-windmills.html.

———. 2010a. “Recycling Animal and Human Dung Is the Key to Sustainable Farming.”
Low-tech Magazine
, September 15. http://www.lowtechmagazine
.com/2010/09/recycling-animal-and-human-dung-is-the-key-to-sustainable-farming.html.

———. 2010b. “Wood Gas Vehicles: Firewood in the Fuel Tank.”
Low-tech Magazine
, January 18. http://www.lowtechmagazine.com/2010/01/wood-gas-cars.html.

———. 2010c. “The Status Quo of Electric Cars: Better Batteries, Same Range.”
Low-tech Magazine
, May 3. http://www.lowtechmagazine.com/2010/05/the-status-quo-of-electric-cars-better-batteries-same-range.html.

———. 2011a. “Medieval Smokestacks: Fossil Fuels in Pre-industrial Times.”
Low-tech Magazine
, September 29. http://www.lowtechmagazine.com/2011/09/peat-and-coal-fossil-fuels-in-pre-industrial-times.html.

———. 2011b. “Gas Bag Vehicles.”
Low-tech Magazine
, November 13. http://www.lowtechmagazine.com/2011/11/gas-bag-vehicles.html.

Deighton, T. Howard. 1907.
The Struggle for Supremacy: Being a Series of Chapters in the History of the Leblanc Alkali Industry in Great Britain.
Liverpool: Gilbert G. Walmsley.

Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. 2010.
UK Food Security Assessment: Detailed Analysis.
London: DEFRA.

———. 2012.
Food Statistics Pocketbook.
London: Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs.

Diamond, Jared. 2005.
Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Survive
. New York: Viking Penguin.

Dick, William B. 1872.
Dick’s Encyclopedia of Practical Receipts and Processes.
(ATL 02-26) New York: Dick & Fitzgerald. Reprint, New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1975.

Dickson, Murray. 2011.
Where There Is No Dentist
. Berkeley, CA: The Foundation Hesperian.

Dobson, Michael B. 1988.
Anesthesia at the District Hospital
. (ATL 27-720) Geneva: World Health Organization.

Dragotta, Nick. 2007. “Pen Pal.”
Craft
(Winter). www.howtoons./?page_id-134.

Dumesny, P. and J. Noyer. 1908.
Wood Products: Distillates and Extracts
. Translated by Donald Grant. New York: D. van Nostrand Co. Reprint 2007, Knowledge Publications.

Dunn, Kevin M. 2003.
Caveman Chemistry: 28 Projects, from the Creation of Fire to the Production of Plastics
. Boca Raton, FL: Universal Publishers.

Economist, The
. 2006. “Behind the Bleeding Edge: Skipping over old technologies to adopt new ones offers opportunities—and a lesson.” September 21. http://www.economist.com/node/7944359.

———. 2008a. “Of Internet Cafés and Power Cuts: Emerging economies are better at adopting new technologies than at putting them into widespread use.” February 7. http://www.economist.com/node/10640716.

———. 2008b. “The Limits of Leapfrogging: The spread of new technologies often depends on the availability of older ones.” February 7. http://www.economist.com/node/10650775.

———. 2012. “Doomsdays: Predicting the End of the World.” December 20. economist.com/blogs/graphicdetail/2012/12/daily-chart-11.

Edgerton, David. 2007a.
The Shock of the Old: Technology and Global History Since 1900
. New York: Oxford University Press.

———. 2007b. “Creole Technologies and Global Histories: Rethinking How Things Travel in Space and Time.”
Journal of History of Science and Technology
1 (Summer): 75–112.

Edwards, Aton. 2009.
Preparedness Now! An Emergency Survival Guide
. Exp. and rev. ed. Process Self-Reliance. Port Townsend, WA: Process Media.

Ehrlich, Paul R., and Anne H. Ehrlich. 2013. “Can a Collapse of Global Civilization be Avoided?”
Proceedings of the Royal
Society B
280 (1754): 20122845.

Eisenring, Markus. 1991.
Micro Pelton Turbines
.
(ATL 22-543) St. Gallen, Switzerland: SKAT, Swiss Center for Appropriate Technology.

Eliot, T. S. 1943.
Four Quartets
. New York: Harcourt, Brace & Company.

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 1976.
Farming with Animal Power
.
(ATL 05-150)
Better Farming Series 14. Rome: FAO.

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 1977.
Cereals
. (ATL 05-151) Better Farming Series 15. Rome: FAO.

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Forestry Department. 1986.
Wood Gas as Engine Fuel
. Rome: FAO.

Fara, Patricia. 2009.
Science: A Four Thousand Year History
. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.

Farndon, John. 2010.
The World’s Greatest Idea: The Fifty Greatest Ideas that Have Changed Humanity
. London: Icon Books.

Ferguson, Niall. 2011.
Civilization: The West and the Rest
. London: Allen Lane / Penguin.

Fernández-Armesto, Felipe. 2001.
Food: A History
. London: Macmillan. (Published in the US as
Near a Thousand Tables: A History of Food
. New York: The Free Press, 2002.)

Field, Simon Quellen. n. d. “Building a Crystal Radio Out of Household Items.” Scitoys: Science Toys You Can Make with Your Kids. http://scitoys.com/scitoys/scitoys/radio/homemade_radio.html.

Finlay, Victoria. 2002.
Colour: Travels Through the Paintbox
. London: Hodder and Stoughton. US edition:
Color: A Natural History of the Palette.
New York: Random House, 2003.

Frank, Adam. 2011.
About Time: Cosmology and Culture at the Twilight of the Big Bang.
New York: Free Press.

Frank, Pat. 1959.
Alas, Babylon.
New York: J. B. Lippincott.

Frankael, Peter. 1997.
Water-Pumping Devices: A Handbook for Users and Choosers
(ATL 14-370). London: Intermediate Technology Publications.

Fruen, Lois. 2002. “Iron Gall Ink.” A teaching resource to accompany the author’s textbook
The Real World of Chemistry
, 6th ed. (Dubuque, IA: Kendall Hunt Publishing). http://www.realscience.breckschool.org/upper/fruen/files/Enrichmentarticles/files/IronGallInk/IronGallInk.html.

Gentry, George, and Edgar T. Westbury. 1980.
Hardening and Tempering Engineers’ Tools
. 3rd ed. (ATL 04-98) Watford, UK: Model and Allied Publications, Argus Books.

Other books

Slaughter on North Lasalle by Robert L. Snow
Crowned by Cheryl S. Ntumy
The Gargoyle Overhead by Philippa Dowding
My Struggle: Book 3 by Karl Ove Knausgård
Minstrel's Serenade by Aubrie Dionne
Elegy on Kinderklavier by Arna Bontemps Hemenway
Emily and the Stranger by Beverly Barton